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apclc 20140307

Mari Yamauchi
Mari Yamauchi

This document reports on a study of errors made by Japanese university students in their English writing that are influenced by their first language of Japanese. The researchers built a "house-made learner's corpus" of over 178,000 words by collecting writing samples from forums and blogs on Moodle platforms at three universities in Japan. They analyzed the samples and found common error types such as incorrectly using the topic rather than the subject of the sentence, missing or misusing pronouns, and confusing parts of speech and predicate-argument structures. These errors reflected the influence of Japanese syntactic structures on the students' developing English interlanguage. The researchers suggest exercises to improve learner awareness of these cross-linguistic differences as a way to address these common

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Out of “house-made learners’ corpus” L1-in?uenced errors made by Japanese university students Mitsumi Uchida, Mari Yamauchi and Atsuhiro Kojima (Kwansei Gakuin University, Chiba University of Commerce and Osaka Prefecture Unviersity, Japan) The Second Asia Paci?c Corpus Linguistics Conference (APCLC 2014) 07 March 2014 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grant-in-Aid for Scienti?c Research (22520573) 14年3月10日月曜日
2
TOC Objectives Data collection L1-in?uenced errors Suggestions 14年3月10日月曜日
3
A piece of reality 1st-year students at KGU 20.0%$ 18.0%$ 16.0%$ 14.0%$ 12.0%$ 2009$ 10.0%$ 2010$ 8.0%$ 2011$ 2012$ 6.0%$ 2013$ 4.0%$ 2.0%$ 14年3月10日月曜日 B2 900+$ 850+899$ 800+849$ 750+799$ B1 700+749$ 650+699$ 600+649$ 550+599$ 500+549$ A2 450+499$ 400+449$ 350+399$ 300+349$ 250+299$ A1 200+249$ 150+199$ 100+149$ CEFR 50+99$ 0.0%$
4
Objectives of the project To build “house-made learners’ corpus” To identify and describe major features of Japanese EFL learners’ interlanguage grammar at an earlier stage in development focusing on errors in?uenced by the L1 syntax 14年3月10日月曜日
5
Data collection “House-made learners’ corpus” for home use only 14年3月10日月曜日
6
“House-made learners’ corpus” Size Collected by Where Interface CUC Moodle & Blogs 55,300 MY OPU Moodle 114,300 MU KGU Moodle 9,200 MU Total -- (words) 178,800 -- CUC: Chiba University of Commerce, Chiba, Japan OPU: Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan KGU: Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan 14年3月10日月曜日
7
“House-made learners’ corpus” Size Collected by Where Interface CUC Moodle & Blogs 55,300 MY OPU Moodle 114,300 MU KGU Moodle 9,200 MU Total -- (words) 178,800 -- CUC: Chiba University of Commerce, Chiba, Japan OPU: Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan KGU: Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan 14年3月10日月曜日
8
Data collection on Moodle at OPU and KGU 14年3月10日月曜日
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Writing activities outside the classroom 14年3月10日月曜日
10
Writing activities outside the classroom Forums 14年3月10日月曜日
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Forums 14年3月10日月曜日
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Forums 14年3月10日月曜日
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Topics self-introduction my favourite things if I had 10 million yen. . . plans for the summer/winter break what I did during the summer break the most impressive event school festival my favourite ?lms (artworks) customs and habits for the year-end & new year holiday overseas travels books I have read new year’s resolution if there were no mobile phones. . . 14年3月10日月曜日
14
Creation of ‘Backup’ XML ?les 14年3月10日月曜日
15
Creation of ‘Backup’ XML ?les Backup 14年3月10日月曜日
16
‘Backup’ XML ?le <MOODLE_BACKUP> <INFO> <DETAILS> <MOD> <NAME>forum</NAME> ... forum data ... <USER> ... user data ... </USER> <DISCUSSIONS> <DISCUSSION> ... discussion topic ... <DISCUSSION> <POST> ... discussion post ... </POST> 14年3月10日月曜日
17
Text extraction tool: MooX 14年3月10日月曜日
18
Error analysis on spreadsheet and/or database 14年3月10日月曜日
19
Data collection from Blogger at CUC 14年3月10日月曜日
20
Text extraction: Blogger 14年3月10日月曜日
21
Error analysis on spreadsheet 14年3月10日月曜日
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L1-in?uenced errors Findings at CUC 14年3月10日月曜日
23
Collected Data & Analyzed Data Words Posts Sentences Sentences / Posts 2010 / Y1 5,694 140 724 5.2 40.7 2011/ Y2 8,570 176 1195 6.8 48.7 2012/ Y1 9,060 175 1,087 6.2 51.8 2012/ Y2 13,890 205 1,518 7.4 67.8 2013/ Y1 8,574 124 1,068 8.6 69.1 2013/ Y2 9,485 114 1,217 10.7 83.2 Total 55,279 Total 934 Total 6,809 14年3月10日月曜日 Ave. 7.3 Words / Posts Ave. 59.2
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Collected Data & Analyzed Data Posts Sentences Sentences / Posts 2010 Y1 TOPICS /(2013 Fall) 5,694 140 724 5.2 40.7 About Me 2011/ Y2 8,570 On Sharing Food Photos What I Usually Do in My Free Time GW Holidays 2012/ Y1 9,060 My Favorite … Summer Vacation 2012/ Y2 13,890 Introducing a World Heritage Site Winter Break 2013/ Y1 8,574 176 1195 6.8 48.7 175 1,087 6.2 51.8 205 1,518 7.4 67.8 124 1,068 8.6 69.1 9,485 114 1,217 10.7 83.2 Total 55,279 Total 934 Total 6,809 Words 2013/ Y2 14年3月10日月曜日 Ave. 7.3 Words / Posts Ave. 59.2
25
Wrong P-A Str (322) Wrong Topic-toSubject (73) With Be (50) Wrong Zero anaphora (94) Subj (63) All sentences (1,217) 14年3月10日月曜日
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Wrong “Topic to Subject” Be as topic marker This year I’m very hard. (This year my schedule is very tight.) kotoshi watashi wa haad da I was berbecue after a long time. (I had a barbecue after a long time.) wahashi wa hisasiburino baabekyuu datta. GW is [I had a great time]. (I had a great GW.) Gooruden Wiiku wa (watashi-wa) tanoshikatta I was saw a my friend had nails, ... (I saw a friend of mine wear nail polish,...) watashi-wa tomodachi ga neiru-o siteru no o mite... 14年3月10日月曜日 N+be+Adj N+be+N N+be+[SV] N+be+V
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Wrong “Topic to Subject” Be as topic marker [I like song] is Wish You. watashi ga suki na uta wa Wish You da (The song I like is Wish You.) SV+be+N [It’s a time to work] is 3 hours, ... shigoto o suru jikan wa 3 jikan de ... (Working hours are 3 hours,...) SV+be+N [Taro coming my home] is 2011 January ?rst. Taro ga uchi ni kita no wa 2011 nen 1 gatsu tsuitachi da. (Taro came to my house on January 1st, 2011.) V-ing+be +N 14年3月10日月曜日
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Wrong “Topic to Subject” The next day became myalgia needless to say. Yokujitsu wa mochiron kinnikutsuu ni natta (The next day I had sore muscles, needless to say. ) + Wrong Zero anaphor But I like Amazon better. Because Amazon can buy easily more than Rakuten. Demo watashi wa Amazon no hou ga sukida. Nazenara Amazon wa Rakuten yori kantanni kaeru kara. + Wrong (But I like Amazon better, because I can buy items more easily Zero anaphor (shopping is easier) at Amazon than at Rakuten. ) I did a barbecue for Golden Week. The barbecue went in all of the committee. Watashi wa Golden Week ni barbecue o shita. Barbecue wa iinkai no minna de itta. + Wrong (I had a barbecue during Golden Week. All the committee Zero anaphor members went to the barbecue party. ) 14年3月10日月曜日
29
Wrong Zero anaphor English pro-forms are equivalent to Japanese zero-anaphors This year GW holiday I was busy. Because φ almost work part time job. (During the GW holidays this year I was busy, because I mostly worked part time.) I usually practice baseball on week ends. However, when I have time to spare, φ paint one's nails. (I usually practice baseball on weekends. However, when I have time to spare, I paint my nails. ) ... and, I will study hard too, read a lot of books for graduation report, and get some qualifying examinations. for this activity, φ need some money. (... and, I will study hard too, read a lot of books for my graduation thesis, and get some quali?cations. To this end, I need some money. The next day φ became myalgia needless to say. (The next day I had sore muscles, needless to say.) 14年3月10日月曜日 + Wrong Topic to Subject
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Confusion of POSs / P-A structures lexical level ... so it is very safety. ( safe) ... dakara sore wa totemo anzen da It's too danger ( ?na-adjectives dangerous) and unhealthy. Dore wa kiken sugiru shi hukenkou da ※ Most na-adjectives are composed of < a noun plus -na >, and appear as < a noun plus -da > when used as the predicate. e.g. anzen (安全)-na/da (safe), kiken (危険)-na/da (dangerous) benri (便利)-na/da (convenient), juuyoo(重要)-na/da (important) 14年3月10日月曜日
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Confusion of POSs / P-A structures lexical level It’s very excited ( I'm exiting ( exiting) to play music. exited) to work there.!? emotion/feelings It (=Getting ready for the ceremony) was very hard and tired ( tiring). *It was very hard and I was tired. But we are enjoyed. I'm enjoyed! But I'm very enjoyed. But a coming of age is very enjoy! It’s very enjoy sports. 14年3月10日月曜日
32
Confusion of POSs / P-A structures lexical level NG: X ni naru (ku naru) => become X became myalgia "" kinnikutsuu ni naru " become muscularity" " takumashi-ku naru false friends (have sore muscles) (build a strong body)" become stress relief" " (relieve stress, be stress-relieving) sutoresu kaisho ni naru became a stage of the movie "(is where the movie was shot) eiga no butai ni natta ※ Other false friends: sugosu => spend, suru => do, tanoshii => enjoy 14年3月10日月曜日
33
L1-in?uenced errors Con?rmed with KGU data 3rd and 4th-year Sociology students 20.0%$ 18.0%$ 16.0%$ 14.0%$ 12.0%$ 2009$ 10.0%$ 2010$ They made such errors. 8.0%$ 2011$ 2012$ 6.0%$ 2013$ 4.0%$ 2.0%$ 14年3月10日月曜日 900+$ 850+899$ 800+849$ 750+799$ 700+749$ 650+699$ 600+649$ 550+599$ 500+549$ 450+499$ 400+449$ 350+399$ 300+349$ 250+299$ 200+249$ 150+199$ 100+149$ 50+99$ 0.0%$ . . . and they did not.
34
Future .... 14年3月10日月曜日
35
Exercises for improved awareness http://www.lextutor.ca/concordancers/text_concord/ 14年3月10日月曜日
36
Exercises for improved awareness concordance lines for the keyword “free” 14年3月10日月曜日
37
Exercises for improved awareness 14年3月10日月曜日
38
Most influential L1factors behind the scene Direct application of L1 structures Topic–subject Absence/misuse of pro-forms Argument structures Apparent lack of structure, esp. over the boundaries of clauses 14年3月10日月曜日
39
Conclusion & Suggestion Their interlanguage has its own structures. Cross-linguistic awareness —both students’ and teachers’ —can be the key. 14年3月10日月曜日
Out of “house-made learners’ corpus” L1-in?uenced errors made by Japanese university students Mitsumi Uchida, Mari Yamauchi and Atsuhiro Kojima (Kwansei Gakuin University, Chiba University of Commerce and Osaka Prefecture Unviersity, Japan) The Second Asia Paci?c Corpus Linguistics Conference (APCLC 2014) 07 March 2014 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grant-in-Aid for Scienti?c Research (22520573) 14年3月10日月曜日
TOC Objectives Data collection L1-in?uenced errors Suggestions 14年3月10日月曜日
A piece of reality 1st-year students at KGU 20.0%$ 18.0%$ 16.0%$ 14.0%$ 12.0%$ 2009$ 10.0%$ 2010$ 8.0%$ 2011$ 2012$ 6.0%$ 2013$ 4.0%$ 2.0%$ 14年3月10日月曜日 B2 900+$ 850+899$ 800+849$ 750+799$ B1 700+749$ 650+699$ 600+649$ 550+599$ 500+549$ A2 450+499$ 400+449$ 350+399$ 300+349$ 250+299$ A1 200+249$ 150+199$ 100+149$ CEFR 50+99$ 0.0%$
Objectives of the project To build “house-made learners’ corpus” To identify and describe major features of Japanese EFL learners’ interlanguage grammar at an earlier stage in development focusing on errors in?uenced by the L1 syntax 14年3月10日月曜日
Data collection “House-made learners’ corpus” for home use only 14年3月10日月曜日
“House-made learners’ corpus” Size Collected by Where Interface CUC Moodle & Blogs 55,300 MY OPU Moodle 114,300 MU KGU Moodle 9,200 MU Total -- (words) 178,800 -- CUC: Chiba University of Commerce, Chiba, Japan OPU: Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan KGU: Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan 14年3月10日月曜日
“House-made learners’ corpus” Size Collected by Where Interface CUC Moodle & Blogs 55,300 MY OPU Moodle 114,300 MU KGU Moodle 9,200 MU Total -- (words) 178,800 -- CUC: Chiba University of Commerce, Chiba, Japan OPU: Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan KGU: Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan 14年3月10日月曜日
Data collection on Moodle at OPU and KGU 14年3月10日月曜日
Writing activities outside the classroom 14年3月10日月曜日
Writing activities outside the classroom Forums 14年3月10日月曜日
Forums 14年3月10日月曜日
Forums 14年3月10日月曜日
Topics self-introduction my favourite things if I had 10 million yen. . . plans for the summer/winter break what I did during the summer break the most impressive event school festival my favourite ?lms (artworks) customs and habits for the year-end & new year holiday overseas travels books I have read new year’s resolution if there were no mobile phones. . . 14年3月10日月曜日
Creation of ‘Backup’ XML ?les 14年3月10日月曜日
Creation of ‘Backup’ XML ?les Backup 14年3月10日月曜日
‘Backup’ XML ?le <MOODLE_BACKUP> <INFO> <DETAILS> <MOD> <NAME>forum</NAME> ... forum data ... <USER> ... user data ... </USER> <DISCUSSIONS> <DISCUSSION> ... discussion topic ... <DISCUSSION> <POST> ... discussion post ... </POST> 14年3月10日月曜日
Text extraction tool: MooX 14年3月10日月曜日
Error analysis on spreadsheet and/or database 14年3月10日月曜日
Data collection from Blogger at CUC 14年3月10日月曜日
Text extraction: Blogger 14年3月10日月曜日
Error analysis on spreadsheet 14年3月10日月曜日
L1-in?uenced errors Findings at CUC 14年3月10日月曜日
Collected Data & Analyzed Data Words Posts Sentences Sentences / Posts 2010 / Y1 5,694 140 724 5.2 40.7 2011/ Y2 8,570 176 1195 6.8 48.7 2012/ Y1 9,060 175 1,087 6.2 51.8 2012/ Y2 13,890 205 1,518 7.4 67.8 2013/ Y1 8,574 124 1,068 8.6 69.1 2013/ Y2 9,485 114 1,217 10.7 83.2 Total 55,279 Total 934 Total 6,809 14年3月10日月曜日 Ave. 7.3 Words / Posts Ave. 59.2
Collected Data & Analyzed Data Posts Sentences Sentences / Posts 2010 Y1 TOPICS /(2013 Fall) 5,694 140 724 5.2 40.7 About Me 2011/ Y2 8,570 On Sharing Food Photos What I Usually Do in My Free Time GW Holidays 2012/ Y1 9,060 My Favorite … Summer Vacation 2012/ Y2 13,890 Introducing a World Heritage Site Winter Break 2013/ Y1 8,574 176 1195 6.8 48.7 175 1,087 6.2 51.8 205 1,518 7.4 67.8 124 1,068 8.6 69.1 9,485 114 1,217 10.7 83.2 Total 55,279 Total 934 Total 6,809 Words 2013/ Y2 14年3月10日月曜日 Ave. 7.3 Words / Posts Ave. 59.2
Wrong P-A Str (322) Wrong Topic-toSubject (73) With Be (50) Wrong Zero anaphora (94) Subj (63) All sentences (1,217) 14年3月10日月曜日
Wrong “Topic to Subject” Be as topic marker This year I’m very hard. (This year my schedule is very tight.) kotoshi watashi wa haad da I was berbecue after a long time. (I had a barbecue after a long time.) wahashi wa hisasiburino baabekyuu datta. GW is [I had a great time]. (I had a great GW.) Gooruden Wiiku wa (watashi-wa) tanoshikatta I was saw a my friend had nails, ... (I saw a friend of mine wear nail polish,...) watashi-wa tomodachi ga neiru-o siteru no o mite... 14年3月10日月曜日 N+be+Adj N+be+N N+be+[SV] N+be+V
Wrong “Topic to Subject” Be as topic marker [I like song] is Wish You. watashi ga suki na uta wa Wish You da (The song I like is Wish You.) SV+be+N [It’s a time to work] is 3 hours, ... shigoto o suru jikan wa 3 jikan de ... (Working hours are 3 hours,...) SV+be+N [Taro coming my home] is 2011 January ?rst. Taro ga uchi ni kita no wa 2011 nen 1 gatsu tsuitachi da. (Taro came to my house on January 1st, 2011.) V-ing+be +N 14年3月10日月曜日
Wrong “Topic to Subject” The next day became myalgia needless to say. Yokujitsu wa mochiron kinnikutsuu ni natta (The next day I had sore muscles, needless to say. ) + Wrong Zero anaphor But I like Amazon better. Because Amazon can buy easily more than Rakuten. Demo watashi wa Amazon no hou ga sukida. Nazenara Amazon wa Rakuten yori kantanni kaeru kara. + Wrong (But I like Amazon better, because I can buy items more easily Zero anaphor (shopping is easier) at Amazon than at Rakuten. ) I did a barbecue for Golden Week. The barbecue went in all of the committee. Watashi wa Golden Week ni barbecue o shita. Barbecue wa iinkai no minna de itta. + Wrong (I had a barbecue during Golden Week. All the committee Zero anaphor members went to the barbecue party. ) 14年3月10日月曜日
Wrong Zero anaphor English pro-forms are equivalent to Japanese zero-anaphors This year GW holiday I was busy. Because φ almost work part time job. (During the GW holidays this year I was busy, because I mostly worked part time.) I usually practice baseball on week ends. However, when I have time to spare, φ paint one's nails. (I usually practice baseball on weekends. However, when I have time to spare, I paint my nails. ) ... and, I will study hard too, read a lot of books for graduation report, and get some qualifying examinations. for this activity, φ need some money. (... and, I will study hard too, read a lot of books for my graduation thesis, and get some quali?cations. To this end, I need some money. The next day φ became myalgia needless to say. (The next day I had sore muscles, needless to say.) 14年3月10日月曜日 + Wrong Topic to Subject
Confusion of POSs / P-A structures lexical level ... so it is very safety. ( safe) ... dakara sore wa totemo anzen da It's too danger ( ?na-adjectives dangerous) and unhealthy. Dore wa kiken sugiru shi hukenkou da ※ Most na-adjectives are composed of < a noun plus -na >, and appear as < a noun plus -da > when used as the predicate. e.g. anzen (安全)-na/da (safe), kiken (危険)-na/da (dangerous) benri (便利)-na/da (convenient), juuyoo(重要)-na/da (important) 14年3月10日月曜日
Confusion of POSs / P-A structures lexical level It’s very excited ( I'm exiting ( exiting) to play music. exited) to work there.!? emotion/feelings It (=Getting ready for the ceremony) was very hard and tired ( tiring). *It was very hard and I was tired. But we are enjoyed. I'm enjoyed! But I'm very enjoyed. But a coming of age is very enjoy! It’s very enjoy sports. 14年3月10日月曜日
Confusion of POSs / P-A structures lexical level NG: X ni naru (ku naru) => become X became myalgia "" kinnikutsuu ni naru " become muscularity" " takumashi-ku naru false friends (have sore muscles) (build a strong body)" become stress relief" " (relieve stress, be stress-relieving) sutoresu kaisho ni naru became a stage of the movie "(is where the movie was shot) eiga no butai ni natta ※ Other false friends: sugosu => spend, suru => do, tanoshii => enjoy 14年3月10日月曜日
L1-in?uenced errors Con?rmed with KGU data 3rd and 4th-year Sociology students 20.0%$ 18.0%$ 16.0%$ 14.0%$ 12.0%$ 2009$ 10.0%$ 2010$ They made such errors. 8.0%$ 2011$ 2012$ 6.0%$ 2013$ 4.0%$ 2.0%$ 14年3月10日月曜日 900+$ 850+899$ 800+849$ 750+799$ 700+749$ 650+699$ 600+649$ 550+599$ 500+549$ 450+499$ 400+449$ 350+399$ 300+349$ 250+299$ 200+249$ 150+199$ 100+149$ 50+99$ 0.0%$ . . . and they did not.
Future .... 14年3月10日月曜日
Exercises for improved awareness http://www.lextutor.ca/concordancers/text_concord/ 14年3月10日月曜日
Exercises for improved awareness concordance lines for the keyword “free” 14年3月10日月曜日
Exercises for improved awareness 14年3月10日月曜日
Most influential L1factors behind the scene Direct application of L1 structures Topic–subject Absence/misuse of pro-forms Argument structures Apparent lack of structure, esp. over the boundaries of clauses 14年3月10日月曜日
Conclusion & Suggestion Their interlanguage has its own structures. Cross-linguistic awareness —both students’ and teachers’ —can be the key. 14年3月10日月曜日
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apclc 20140307

  • 1. Out of “house-made learners’ corpus” L1-in?uenced errors made by Japanese university students Mitsumi Uchida, Mari Yamauchi and Atsuhiro Kojima (Kwansei Gakuin University, Chiba University of Commerce and Osaka Prefecture Unviersity, Japan) The Second Asia Paci?c Corpus Linguistics Conference (APCLC 2014) 07 March 2014 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grant-in-Aid for Scienti?c Research (22520573) 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 3. A piece of reality 1st-year students at KGU 20.0%$ 18.0%$ 16.0%$ 14.0%$ 12.0%$ 2009$ 10.0%$ 2010$ 8.0%$ 2011$ 2012$ 6.0%$ 2013$ 4.0%$ 2.0%$ 14年3月10日月曜日 B2 900+$ 850+899$ 800+849$ 750+799$ B1 700+749$ 650+699$ 600+649$ 550+599$ 500+549$ A2 450+499$ 400+449$ 350+399$ 300+349$ 250+299$ A1 200+249$ 150+199$ 100+149$ CEFR 50+99$ 0.0%$
  • 4. Objectives of the project To build “house-made learners’ corpus” To identify and describe major features of Japanese EFL learners’ interlanguage grammar at an earlier stage in development focusing on errors in?uenced by the L1 syntax 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 5. Data collection “House-made learners’ corpus” for home use only 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 6. “House-made learners’ corpus” Size Collected by Where Interface CUC Moodle & Blogs 55,300 MY OPU Moodle 114,300 MU KGU Moodle 9,200 MU Total -- (words) 178,800 -- CUC: Chiba University of Commerce, Chiba, Japan OPU: Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan KGU: Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 7. “House-made learners’ corpus” Size Collected by Where Interface CUC Moodle & Blogs 55,300 MY OPU Moodle 114,300 MU KGU Moodle 9,200 MU Total -- (words) 178,800 -- CUC: Chiba University of Commerce, Chiba, Japan OPU: Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan KGU: Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 8. Data collection on Moodle at OPU and KGU 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 9. Writing activities outside the classroom 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 10. Writing activities outside the classroom Forums 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 13. Topics self-introduction my favourite things if I had 10 million yen. . . plans for the summer/winter break what I did during the summer break the most impressive event school festival my favourite ?lms (artworks) customs and habits for the year-end & new year holiday overseas travels books I have read new year’s resolution if there were no mobile phones. . . 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 14. Creation of ‘Backup’ XML ?les 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 15. Creation of ‘Backup’ XML ?les Backup 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 16. ‘Backup’ XML ?le <MOODLE_BACKUP> <INFO> <DETAILS> <MOD> <NAME>forum</NAME> ... forum data ... <USER> ... user data ... </USER> <DISCUSSIONS> <DISCUSSION> ... discussion topic ... <DISCUSSION> <POST> ... discussion post ... </POST> 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 17. Text extraction tool: MooX 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 18. Error analysis on spreadsheet and/or database 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 19. Data collection from Blogger at CUC 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 21. Error analysis on spreadsheet 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 22. L1-in?uenced errors Findings at CUC 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 23. Collected Data & Analyzed Data Words Posts Sentences Sentences / Posts 2010 / Y1 5,694 140 724 5.2 40.7 2011/ Y2 8,570 176 1195 6.8 48.7 2012/ Y1 9,060 175 1,087 6.2 51.8 2012/ Y2 13,890 205 1,518 7.4 67.8 2013/ Y1 8,574 124 1,068 8.6 69.1 2013/ Y2 9,485 114 1,217 10.7 83.2 Total 55,279 Total 934 Total 6,809 14年3月10日月曜日 Ave. 7.3 Words / Posts Ave. 59.2
  • 24. Collected Data & Analyzed Data Posts Sentences Sentences / Posts 2010 Y1 TOPICS /(2013 Fall) 5,694 140 724 5.2 40.7 About Me 2011/ Y2 8,570 On Sharing Food Photos What I Usually Do in My Free Time GW Holidays 2012/ Y1 9,060 My Favorite … Summer Vacation 2012/ Y2 13,890 Introducing a World Heritage Site Winter Break 2013/ Y1 8,574 176 1195 6.8 48.7 175 1,087 6.2 51.8 205 1,518 7.4 67.8 124 1,068 8.6 69.1 9,485 114 1,217 10.7 83.2 Total 55,279 Total 934 Total 6,809 Words 2013/ Y2 14年3月10日月曜日 Ave. 7.3 Words / Posts Ave. 59.2
  • 25. Wrong P-A Str (322) Wrong Topic-toSubject (73) With Be (50) Wrong Zero anaphora (94) Subj (63) All sentences (1,217) 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 26. Wrong “Topic to Subject” Be as topic marker This year I’m very hard. (This year my schedule is very tight.) kotoshi watashi wa haad da I was berbecue after a long time. (I had a barbecue after a long time.) wahashi wa hisasiburino baabekyuu datta. GW is [I had a great time]. (I had a great GW.) Gooruden Wiiku wa (watashi-wa) tanoshikatta I was saw a my friend had nails, ... (I saw a friend of mine wear nail polish,...) watashi-wa tomodachi ga neiru-o siteru no o mite... 14年3月10日月曜日 N+be+Adj N+be+N N+be+[SV] N+be+V
  • 27. Wrong “Topic to Subject” Be as topic marker [I like song] is Wish You. watashi ga suki na uta wa Wish You da (The song I like is Wish You.) SV+be+N [It’s a time to work] is 3 hours, ... shigoto o suru jikan wa 3 jikan de ... (Working hours are 3 hours,...) SV+be+N [Taro coming my home] is 2011 January ?rst. Taro ga uchi ni kita no wa 2011 nen 1 gatsu tsuitachi da. (Taro came to my house on January 1st, 2011.) V-ing+be +N 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 28. Wrong “Topic to Subject” The next day became myalgia needless to say. Yokujitsu wa mochiron kinnikutsuu ni natta (The next day I had sore muscles, needless to say. ) + Wrong Zero anaphor But I like Amazon better. Because Amazon can buy easily more than Rakuten. Demo watashi wa Amazon no hou ga sukida. Nazenara Amazon wa Rakuten yori kantanni kaeru kara. + Wrong (But I like Amazon better, because I can buy items more easily Zero anaphor (shopping is easier) at Amazon than at Rakuten. ) I did a barbecue for Golden Week. The barbecue went in all of the committee. Watashi wa Golden Week ni barbecue o shita. Barbecue wa iinkai no minna de itta. + Wrong (I had a barbecue during Golden Week. All the committee Zero anaphor members went to the barbecue party. ) 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 29. Wrong Zero anaphor English pro-forms are equivalent to Japanese zero-anaphors This year GW holiday I was busy. Because φ almost work part time job. (During the GW holidays this year I was busy, because I mostly worked part time.) I usually practice baseball on week ends. However, when I have time to spare, φ paint one's nails. (I usually practice baseball on weekends. However, when I have time to spare, I paint my nails. ) ... and, I will study hard too, read a lot of books for graduation report, and get some qualifying examinations. for this activity, φ need some money. (... and, I will study hard too, read a lot of books for my graduation thesis, and get some quali?cations. To this end, I need some money. The next day φ became myalgia needless to say. (The next day I had sore muscles, needless to say.) 14年3月10日月曜日 + Wrong Topic to Subject
  • 30. Confusion of POSs / P-A structures lexical level ... so it is very safety. ( safe) ... dakara sore wa totemo anzen da It's too danger ( ?na-adjectives dangerous) and unhealthy. Dore wa kiken sugiru shi hukenkou da ※ Most na-adjectives are composed of < a noun plus -na >, and appear as < a noun plus -da > when used as the predicate. e.g. anzen (安全)-na/da (safe), kiken (危険)-na/da (dangerous) benri (便利)-na/da (convenient), juuyoo(重要)-na/da (important) 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 31. Confusion of POSs / P-A structures lexical level It’s very excited ( I'm exiting ( exiting) to play music. exited) to work there.!? emotion/feelings It (=Getting ready for the ceremony) was very hard and tired ( tiring). *It was very hard and I was tired. But we are enjoyed. I'm enjoyed! But I'm very enjoyed. But a coming of age is very enjoy! It’s very enjoy sports. 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 32. Confusion of POSs / P-A structures lexical level NG: X ni naru (ku naru) => become X became myalgia "" kinnikutsuu ni naru " become muscularity" " takumashi-ku naru false friends (have sore muscles) (build a strong body)" become stress relief" " (relieve stress, be stress-relieving) sutoresu kaisho ni naru became a stage of the movie "(is where the movie was shot) eiga no butai ni natta ※ Other false friends: sugosu => spend, suru => do, tanoshii => enjoy 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 33. L1-in?uenced errors Con?rmed with KGU data 3rd and 4th-year Sociology students 20.0%$ 18.0%$ 16.0%$ 14.0%$ 12.0%$ 2009$ 10.0%$ 2010$ They made such errors. 8.0%$ 2011$ 2012$ 6.0%$ 2013$ 4.0%$ 2.0%$ 14年3月10日月曜日 900+$ 850+899$ 800+849$ 750+799$ 700+749$ 650+699$ 600+649$ 550+599$ 500+549$ 450+499$ 400+449$ 350+399$ 300+349$ 250+299$ 200+249$ 150+199$ 100+149$ 50+99$ 0.0%$ . . . and they did not.
  • 35. Exercises for improved awareness http://www.lextutor.ca/concordancers/text_concord/ 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 36. Exercises for improved awareness concordance lines for the keyword “free” 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 37. Exercises for improved awareness 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 38. Most influential L1factors behind the scene Direct application of L1 structures Topic–subject Absence/misuse of pro-forms Argument structures Apparent lack of structure, esp. over the boundaries of clauses 14年3月10日月曜日
  • 39. Conclusion & Suggestion Their interlanguage has its own structures. Cross-linguistic awareness —both students’ and teachers’ —can be the key. 14年3月10日月曜日
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