Bab6 persamaan kimia
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The document discusses equalizing reaction coefficients in chemical equations. It provides examples of balancing equations for reactions such as nitrogen and hydrogen forming ammonia, aluminum and oxygen forming aluminum oxide, and copper reacting with nitric acid to form copper nitrate. It also categorizes different types of chemical reactions such as combination, decomposition, substitution, and neutralization reactions.
Bab6 persamaan kimia
- 1. 11 PERSAMAAN KIMIAPERSAMAAN KIMIA Menyetarakan Koefisien ReaksiMenyetarakan Koefisien Reaksi NN22 (g)(g) + H+ H22 (g)(g) → NH→ NH33 (g)(g) Secara langsung :Secara langsung : NN22 (g)(g) + 3H+ 3H22 (g)(g) → 2NH→ 2NH33 (g)(g) AlAl (s)(s) + O+ O22 (g)(g) → Al→ Al22OO33 (s)(s) Dimisalkan a, b, c, ……Dimisalkan a, b, c, …… aAlaAl (s)(s) + bO+ bO22 (g)(g) → cAl→ cAl22OO33 (s)(s) Al :Al : a = 2ca = 2c O :O : 2b = 3c2b = 3c
- 2. 2 Misal c = 1, maka :Misal c = 1, maka : aa = 2c = 2.1 = 2= 2c = 2.1 = 2 2b = 3c = 3.12b = 3c = 3.1 b = 3/2b = 3/2 Didapatkan :Didapatkan : a = 2a = 2 a = 4a = 4 b = 3/2b = 3/2 x2x2 b = 3b = 3 c = 1c = 1 c = 2c = 2 jadi :jadi : 4Al4Al (s)(s) + 3O+ 3O22 (g)(g) → 2Al→ 2Al22OO33 (s)(s)
- 3. 3 Menyetarakan Koefisien ReaksiMenyetarakan Koefisien Reaksi CuCu(s)(s) + HNO+ HNO3(aq)3(aq) → Cu(NO→ Cu(NO33))2(aq)2(aq) + NO+ NO2(g)2(g) + H+ H22OO(l)(l) Dengan bantuan oksidasi-reduksi :Dengan bantuan oksidasi-reduksi : CuCu(s)(s) + HNO+ HNO3(aq)3(aq) → Cu(NO→ Cu(NO33))2(aq)2(aq) + NO+ NO2(g)2(g) + H+ H22OO(l)(l) CuCu(s)(s) + HNO+ HNO3(aq)3(aq) → Cu(NO→ Cu(NO33))2(aq)2(aq) + 2NO+ 2NO2(g)2(g) + H+ H22OO(l)(l) Yang lain menyesuaikan. Jadi :Yang lain menyesuaikan. Jadi : CuCu(s)(s) + 4HNO+ 4HNO3(aq)3(aq) → Cu(NO→ Cu(NO33))2(aq)2(aq) + 2NO+ 2NO2(g)2(g) + 2H+ 2H22OO(l)(l) 00 +5+5 +2+2 +4+4 +2+2 -1-1 x2x2
- 4. 4 Beberapa macam reaksi :Beberapa macam reaksi : Reaksi Kombinasi/Penggabungan :Reaksi Kombinasi/Penggabungan : 4Al4Al (s)(s) + 3O+ 3O22 (g)(g) → 2Al→ 2Al22OO33 (s)(s) Reaksi Penguraian :Reaksi Penguraian : Ca(HCOCa(HCO33))22 (s)(s) → CaO→ CaO (s)(s) + 2CO+ 2CO22 (g)(g) + H+ H22OO (l)(l) Reaksi Substitusi/Pertukaran :Reaksi Substitusi/Pertukaran : ZnZn (s)(s) + 2HCl+ 2HCl (aq)(aq) → ZnCl→ ZnCl22 (aq)(aq) + H+ H22 (g)(g) Reaksi Netralisasi/Penggaraman :Reaksi Netralisasi/Penggaraman : AgNOAgNO33 (aq)(aq) + HCl+ HCl (aq)(aq) → AgCl→ AgCl (s)(s) + HNO+ HNO33 (aq)(aq) HNOHNO33 (aq)(aq) + NaOH+ NaOH (aq)(aq) → NaNO→ NaNO33 (s)(s) + H+ H22OO (l)(l)