bacterial growth curve unit 2.pptx
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The document describes the bacterial growth curve, which tracks the growth of bacteria over time when cultured in an appropriate growth medium. It consists of four phases: 1) Lag phase, where bacteria adapt to their environment but do not multiply; 2) Log phase, where bacteria multiply rapidly through cell division; 3) Stationary phase, where growth rate equals death rate due to limited resources or toxic buildup; and 4) Decline phase, where the bacterial population decreases due to various stressors until few bacteria remain as long-term survivors. The length of each phase depends on factors like bacterial species, medium composition, inoculum size, and environmental conditions.
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Bacterial growth curve consists of four phases:
1. Lag phase where bacteria adjust to new environment and do not divide.
2. Exponential or log phase where bacteria divide rapidly and population increases exponentially.
3. Stationary phase where growth rate equals death rate resulting in constant population size.
4. Decline or death phase where population decreases as number of dying cells exceeds reproducing cells due to nutrient depletion and waste accumulation.
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1. Lag Phase
Characteristics:
Bacteria are metabolically active but not dividing.
They adapt to the new environment, synthesize enzymes, and prepare for DNA replication.
The duration depends on factors like medium composition, inoculum size, and prior conditions of the bacteria.
Growth: No noticeable increase in the number of cells.
Purpose: Physiological adaptation.
---
2. Log Phase (Exponential Phase)
Characteristics:
Bacteria undergo rapid cell division at a constant rate.
Growth is exponential: cell numbers double at regular intervals (generation time).
Nutrients are abundant, and metabolic activity is at its peak.
Cells are most uniform in chemical composition, making this phase ideal for biochemical studies.
Growth: Maximum population growth rate.
Purpose: Exploitation of resources.
---
3. Stationary Phase
Characteristics:
Growth rate slows as nutrient depletion, waste accumulation, and limited space occur.
The number of new cells equals the number of dying cells, leading to a stable population.
Secondary metabolites, like antibiotics, are often produced in this phase.
Growth: Plateauno net increase in cell numbers.
Purpose: Survival under limited resources.
---
4. Death Phase
Characteristics:
Cell death exceeds cell division due to extreme nutrient depletion and toxic waste accumulation.
Some cells may enter a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state.
Growth: Decline in population size; some species form spores.
Purpose: Adaptation or termination of the populations Bacterial growth curve - Characteristics
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This document discusses sterilization and classification of sterilization methods. It covers physical sterilization methods like heat, sunlight, drying, and filtration. Heat sterilization using an autoclave is described in detail. Chemical sterilization methods using alcohol, aldehydes, and phenol are also discussed. Finally, the document briefly covers chemotherapy and classification of antimicrobial drugs.micro 3 biomedical waste.pptx
micro 3 biomedical waste.pptxPragyatiwariItmunive
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What is the waste and thr bio medical waste and Sources of biomedical waste, methods of treatment of biomedical waste ,segregation collection transportation and disposal of the waste of hospital. micro unit 1.pptx
micro unit 1.pptxPragyatiwariItmunive
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This document provides an overview of microbiology. It defines microbiology as the study of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. It discusses the classification, forms, and structures of microorganisms. The document also outlines the importance of microbiology in nursing, such as understanding hospital hygiene and preventing disease. It describes how nurses apply microbiology knowledge in areas like sterilization, diagnosing infections, and determining appropriate drug treatments. Finally, it briefly mentions some of the founders and branches of microbiology.micro terminology unit 1.pptx
micro terminology unit 1.pptxPragyatiwariItmunive
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This document defines various microbiology terminology used in the study of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. It provides definitions for over 50 terms such as antigen, antibody, asepsis, binary fission, bacteriology, pathogen, vaccine, vector and more. The terms cover concepts in microbiology, pathogenicity, disease transmission, the immune response, and methods used to study, grow and classify microorganisms.Recently uploaded (20)
Biography of Dr. Vincenzo Giordano
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Dr. Vincenzo Giordano began his medical career 2011 at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery. Here, he performed complex adult cardiothoracic surgical procedures, significantly enhancing his proficiency in patient critical care, as evidenced by his FCCS certification.MLS 208 - UNIT 4 A - Tissue Processing - ETANDO AYUK - SANU 1 - Secured.pdf
MLS 208 - UNIT 4 A - Tissue Processing - ETANDO AYUK - SANU 1 - Secured.pdfEswatini Medical Christian University - EMCU / Southern Nazarene University - SANU
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The course covers the steps undertaken from tissue collection, reception, fixation,
sectioning, tissue processing and staining. It covers all the general and special
techniques in histo/cytology laboratory. This course will provide the student with the
basic knowledge of the theory and practical aspect in the diagnosis of tumour cells
and non-malignant conditions in body tissues and for cytology focusing on
gynaecological and non-gynaecological samples.One Health Rabies Control in Indonesia_APCAT meeting May 2022.pptx
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What is FAO doing to support rabies control programmes in Indonesia using One Health approachSudurpaschim logsewa aayog Medical Officer 8th Level Curriculum
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This presentation delves into the latest advancements in non-invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring techniques, specifically tailored for neurosurgeons. It covers the importance of ICP monitoring in clinical practice, explores various non-invasive methods, and discusses their accuracy, reliability, and clinical applications. Attendees will gain insights into the benefits of non-invasive approaches over traditional invasive methods, including reduced risk of complications and improved patient outcomes. This comprehensive overview is designed to enhance the knowledge and skills of neurosurgeons in managing patients with neurological conditions.
Invasive systems are commonly used for monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and are considered the gold standard. The availability of invasive ICP monitoring is heterogeneous, and in low- and middle-income settings, these systems are not routinely employed due to high cost or limited accessibility. The aim of this presentation is to develop recommendations to guide monitoring and ICP-driven therapies in TBI using non-invasive ICP (nICP) systems.
Presentaci坦 "Projecte Benestar". MWC 2025
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Presentaci坦 que va acompanyar la demostraci坦 prctica de metge d'Innovaci坦 Jos辿 Ferrer sobre el projecte Benestar de BSA, nom d'IDIAP Pere Gol, el 5 de mar巽 de 2025 a l'estand de XarSMART al Mobible Word Congress. 
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guidelines for pharma products
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What is FAO doing to support rabies control programmes in Bali, Indonesia, using One Health approach with mass dog vaccination and integrated bite case management as main strategies
BIOMECHANICS OF THE MOVEMENT OF THE SHOULDER COMPLEX.pptx
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The shoulder complex acts as in coordinated fashion to provide the smoothest and greatest range of motion possible of the upper limb.
Combined motion of GH and ST joint of shoulder complex helps in:
Distribution of motion between other two joints.
Maintenance of glenoid fossa in optimal position.
Maintenance of good length tension
Although some amount of glenohumeral motion may occur while the other shoulder articulations remain stabilized, movement of the humerus more commonly involves some movement at all three shoulder joints.
Regulation of tubular reabsorption _AntiCopy.pdf
Regulation of tubular reabsorption _AntiCopy.pdfMedicoseAcademics
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Title: Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption A Comprehensive Overview
Description:
This lecture provides a detailed and structured explanation of the mechanisms regulating tubular reabsorption in the kidneys. It explores how different physiological and hormonal factors influence glomerular filtration and reabsorption rates, ensuring fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
Who Should Read This?
This presentation is designed for:
鏝 Medical Students (MBBS, BDS, Nursing, Allied Health Sciences) preparing for physiology exams.
鏝 Medical Educators & Professors looking for structured teaching material.
鏝 Healthcare Professionals (doctors, nephrologists, and physiologists) seeking a refresher on renal physiology.
鏝 Postgraduate Students & Researchers in the field of medical sciences and physiology.
What Youll Learn:
Local Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption
鏝 Glomerulo-Tubular Balance its mechanism and clinical significance
鏝 Net reabsorptive forces affecting peritubular capillaries
鏝 Role of peritubular hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressures
Hormonal Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption
鏝 Effects of Aldosterone, Angiotensin II, ADH, and Natriuretic Peptides
鏝 Clinical conditions like Addisons disease & Conn Syndrome
鏝 Mechanisms of pressure natriuresis and diuresis
Nervous System Regulation
鏝 Sympathetic Nervous System activation and its effects on sodium reabsorption
Clinical Correlations & Case Discussions
鏝 How renal regulation is altered in hypertension, hypotension, and proteinuria
鏝 Comparison of Glomerulo-Tubular Balance vs. Tubulo-Glomerular Feedback
This presentation provides detailed diagrams, flowcharts, and calculations to enhance understanding and retention. Whether you are studying, teaching, or practicing medicine, this lecture will serve as a valuable resource for mastering renal physiology.
Keywords for Easy Search:
#Physiology #RenalPhysiology #TubularReabsorption #GlomeruloTubularBalance #HormonalRegulation #MedicalEducation #NephrologyCardiac Arrhythmias for paramedical students.
Cardiac Arrhythmias for paramedical students.helanmariaarockkiasa
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Cardiac Arrhythmia definition, classification, normal sinus rhythm, characteristics , types and management with medical ,surgical & nursing, health education and nursing diagnosis for paramedical students. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY DESCOVERING THE IMPORTANCE OF CLINICAL IMUNOLOGY IN MEDICINE
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This presentation emphasizes the role of immunodiagnostics and Immunotherapy. PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT & DEFENSE MECHANISMS.pptxPersonality and environment:...
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT & DEFENSE MECHANISMS.pptxPersonality and environment:...ABHAY INSTITUTION
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Personality theory is a collection of ideas that explain how a person's personality develops and how it affects their behavior. It also seeks to understand how people react to situations, and how their personality impacts their relationships.
Key aspects of personality theory
Personality traits: The characteristics that make up a person's personality.
Personality development: How a person's personality develops over time.
Personality disorders: How personality theories can be used to study personality disorders.
Personality and environment: How a person's personality is influenced by their environment. Multimodal Approaches to Clitoral Augmentation for FGM (PRP _ filler)"
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Local Anesthetic Use in the Vulnerable Patients
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Local anesthetics are a cornerstone of pain management, but their use requires special consideration in vulnerable groups such as pediatric, elderly, diabetic, or obese patients. In this presentation, well explore how factors like age and physiology influence local anesthetics' selection, dosing, and safety. By understanding these differences, we can optimize patient care and minimize risks.
MLS 208 - UNIT 4 A - Tissue Processing - ETANDO AYUK - SANU 1 - Secured.pdf
MLS 208 - UNIT 4 A - Tissue Processing - ETANDO AYUK - SANU 1 - Secured.pdfEswatini Medical Christian University - EMCU / Southern Nazarene University - SANU
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bacterial growth curve unit 2.pptx
- 1. Bsc nursing 1 year Microbiology Unit :- 2 (bacterial growth curve) BY :- PRAGYA TIWARI
- 2. Bacterial growth curve :- When organism are cultured in appreciate fluid media, their would be increased in size of the bacteria without any multiplication for some time (lag). This is followed by multiplication and increase in no. Of bacterial to the extent that media look turbid (cloudy, opaque) to the naked eyes. (Log phase) . After sometim growth rate become stationary and later on decline. Counting of bacteria at different periods after inoculation and then events of sequences are represented on a high graph which is called growth curve.
- 4. Lag phase :- It has short duration (1-40hrs), During this phase :- 1. Increase in size of cell. 2. Increase in metabolic rate. 3. Adaptation to new environment and necessary enzymes plus intermediate metabolites are build up for multiplication to proceed. The length of the lag phase depends upon the :- Type of bacteria. Better the medium, shorter the lag phase. The phase of culture from which inoculation is taken. Size of inoculum. Envirnment factor like :- temp.
- 5. Stationary phase :- After sometime (few hrs to few days) q stage comes when rate of multiplication and death becomes all most equal. (Death rate and birth rate become equal). 1. It may be due to depletion of nutrition. 2. Accumulation of toxic products. 3. Sporulation may occur during this phase.
- 6. Log phase :- Its duration is 8 hrs. In log phase cell start dividing and their no. Increase by geometric progression with time. During this phase :- 1. Bacteria have high rate of metabolism. 2. Bacteria develop best morphological with typical biochemical reaction. 3. Bacteria aee most sensitive to antibiotics at this stage.
- 7. Decline phase :- Durning this phase (few hrs to few days) population decrease due to death of cell. Factors responsible for this phase are :- Toxic accumulation Nutritional exhaustion. Autolytic enzymes. Involuation (shrinkage of an organ in old age) is common phase of decline.
- 8. Survival:- When most organism have die, a few survive for several months to years.