Ranavalona III was the last sovereign of the Kingdom of Madagascar, ruling from 1883 to 1897. As a young woman, she was selected to succeed Queen Ranavalona II upon her death. Like her predecessors, Ranavalona III entered a political marriage with Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony, who largely oversaw governance. Throughout her reign, Ranavalona III tried to resist colonial efforts by France by strengthening trade with other nations, but France ultimately captured Antananarivo in 1895, ending the kingdom's sovereignty and exiling Ranavalona III.
In 1832, settlement began in an area called Little Thames in what would become Stratford, Ontario. By the 1840s, Stratford had around 200 inhabitants and various mills, stores, and other businesses. The town slowly grew until the 1850s when the railway arrived, bringing furniture manufacturing and locomotive repair that became major industries by the 20th century. In 1933, a major strike in the furniture industry was led by communist organizers. While some of the documents discuss outlandish claims about Adolf Hitler living in Stratford after being kidnapped as a child, Stratford is best known as the home of the renowned Shakespearean Stratford Festival held from May to October each year.
Shannon Selin's book about Napoleon is criticized for being very boring and poorly written. Reviews indicate the book feels as dead as its subject, Napoleon, and that readers found it difficult to stay awake while reading due to the sad writing style. The reviews suggest Wikipedia entries provide more interesting information about Napoleon than the book.
Eskilstuna's history dates back to medieval times when an English monk named Saint Eskil established a base called "Tuna" and served as the bishop of the southern coast of Lake Mälaren. Saint Eskil was later killed by pagan Vikings for trying to convert them to Christianity. The monastery founded by Saint Eskil was eventually destroyed during the Protestant Reformation and replaced with Eskilstuna House, the royal castle. Eskilstuna was granted city privileges in 1659 and grew significantly during the Industrial Revolution as it became a major center of steel production in Sweden, earning its nickname "The City of Steel."
This document discusses several tactics and behaviors that are characteristic of authoritarian regimes and dictators, and provides examples of Donald Trump exhibiting some of these concerning behaviors:
1) Trump attacks the free press and media that criticize him, similar to propaganda techniques used in Nazi Germany.
2) Trump holds large rallies to glorify himself and spread his message, like Hitler and Goebbels did in Nazi Germany.
3) Trump scapegoats immigrants and racial minorities as enemies and dangers, and offers simplistic solutions like building a border wall, mirroring tactics used by authoritarian leaders.
4) Experts have warned that Trump's narcissism, dishonesty, and disregard for facts are traits shared by soci
The document summarizes German federal elections between 1928 and 1938, during which time the Nazi party rose to power. Some key points:
- In 1928, the Social Democratic Party remained the largest but failed to gain a majority. The Nazi party received less than 3% of the vote.
- In 1930, the Nazi party dramatically increased its seats from 12 to 107, becoming the second largest party.
- In 1932, the Nazi party became the largest party for the first time with 37% of the vote and 230 seats.
- The 1933 and 1938 elections after Hitler became Chancellor were not free and fair, with intimidation of opposition parties. The Nazi party was the sole party by 1938.
The Nazi government in Germany was able to significantly reduce unemployment between 1933-1939 through policies like public works programs and encouraging women to leave the workforce. However, while unemployment dropped from around 6 million to only 300,000, standards of living did not improve for workers under the Nazi regime. Workers faced increasingly long hours, low wages set by the state, and removal of union rights. Overall, the Nazi economic system prioritized rearmament and military spending over improving conditions for average German citizens.
Robert Wadlow, from Alton, Illinois, was the tallest person in recorded history at 8 feet 11.1 inches tall due to a pituitary gland condition. The list also includes John Rogan, the tallest African American on record at 8 feet 9 inches; John F. Carroll who suffered from severe spinal curvature and reached 8 feet 1/4 inch; Leonid Stadnyk who grew to 8 feet 5 inches due to a pituitary tumor; and Donald A. Koehler who was recognized as the tallest living man from 1969 to 1981 reaching 8 feet 2 inches due to acromegalic gigantism. The document lists 10 of the tallest people in history, many of whom suffered from medical conditions
The document discusses Andrzej Duda, the president of Poland since 2015 and member of the nationalist conservative Law and Justice party (PiS). It outlines Duda's election and reelection as president while supported by PiS. It then discusses criticisms of PiS and Duda, including that they threaten democracy and the rule of law in Poland, want to increase control over the media and judiciary, are xenophobic and homophobic, and restrict abortion rights. Citizens and organizations in Poland oppose some actions of PiS and Duda.
Peter Driben was one of the most prolific American pin-up artists of the 1940s and 1950s. He created hundreds of covers for magazines like Beauty Parade and established himself as one of the most recognized glamour artists in America through his work for publisher Robert Harrison. Driben studied art in Boston and Paris before beginning his career drawing showgirls in Paris and creating magazine covers in the 1930s. In addition to pin-ups, he also produced advertising artwork and posters, including for the film The Maltese Falcon. After retiring from pin-up art, Driben spent his later years in Miami Beach painting portraits and other fine art works with his wife.
Mallorca is the largest island of the Balearic Islands located in the Mediterranean Sea and part of Spain. The capital and largest city is Palma, which has a population of over 400,000. Like nearby islands Menorca, Ibiza, and Formentera, Mallorca is a popular tourist destination, especially for visitors from Germany and the UK, receiving over 28 million passengers annually at its international airport in Palma.
Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin began developing airship technology in 1874 and conducted the first flight of his airship LZ 1 over Lake Constance in 1900. While this initial flight proved the airship's potential, investors declined further funding. Undeterred, Zeppelin continued experimenting and received patents for his designs in Germany and the United States. Zeppelins went on to be the first airliners, operated by DELAG starting in 1910, carrying over 10,000 passengers on 1,500 flights by 1914. They were also extensively used as bombers and scouts by Germany in World War I.
Louis XIV ruled France from 1643 to 1715, the longest reign of any monarch in European history. He began personal rule in 1661 after the death of his chief minister. Louis sought to strengthen the French monarchy and centralized state power. He enacted significant legal and administrative reforms. Louis was also known for his numerous wars against other European powers such as the Netherlands, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire in an effort to expand French territory and influence.
The 25th Dynasty was a line of Nubian pharaohs who ruled Egypt from 744-656 BC after invading from their kingdom in Kush, located in modern-day Sudan. They established their capital at Napata and assimilated Egyptian culture while also introducing some Kushite aspects. However, after defeats by the Assyrian Empire, Kushite rule over Egypt came to an end and they were replaced by the 26th Dynasty as vassals of Assyria, marking the end of the Late Period in ancient Egypt.
The Swedish Empire had a formidable military during the 17th century under the leadership of Gustavus Adolphus. Gustavus reformed the army into a professional national force and introduced an effective regimental system. The Swedish army was well-equipped with modern weapons and tactics, including light artillery and combined arms. While the navy lagged behind Denmark's, Gustavus allied with other Protestant naval powers. At its peak in the early 18th century under Charles XII, the Swedish military numbered over 150,000 troops and achieved a major victory over a larger Russian force at the Battle of Narva in 1700.
Ranavalona III was the last sovereign of the Kingdom of Madagascar, ruling from 1883 to 1897. As a young woman, she was selected to succeed Queen Ranavalona II upon her death. Like her predecessors, Ranavalona III entered a political marriage with Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony, who largely oversaw governance. Throughout her reign, Ranavalona III tried to resist colonial efforts by France by strengthening trade with other nations, but France ultimately captured Antananarivo in 1895, ending the kingdom's sovereignty and exiling Ranavalona III.
In 1832, settlement began in an area called Little Thames in what would become Stratford, Ontario. By the 1840s, Stratford had around 200 inhabitants and various mills, stores, and other businesses. The town slowly grew until the 1850s when the railway arrived, bringing furniture manufacturing and locomotive repair that became major industries by the 20th century. In 1933, a major strike in the furniture industry was led by communist organizers. While some of the documents discuss outlandish claims about Adolf Hitler living in Stratford after being kidnapped as a child, Stratford is best known as the home of the renowned Shakespearean Stratford Festival held from May to October each year.
Shannon Selin's book about Napoleon is criticized for being very boring and poorly written. Reviews indicate the book feels as dead as its subject, Napoleon, and that readers found it difficult to stay awake while reading due to the sad writing style. The reviews suggest Wikipedia entries provide more interesting information about Napoleon than the book.
Eskilstuna's history dates back to medieval times when an English monk named Saint Eskil established a base called "Tuna" and served as the bishop of the southern coast of Lake Mälaren. Saint Eskil was later killed by pagan Vikings for trying to convert them to Christianity. The monastery founded by Saint Eskil was eventually destroyed during the Protestant Reformation and replaced with Eskilstuna House, the royal castle. Eskilstuna was granted city privileges in 1659 and grew significantly during the Industrial Revolution as it became a major center of steel production in Sweden, earning its nickname "The City of Steel."
This document discusses several tactics and behaviors that are characteristic of authoritarian regimes and dictators, and provides examples of Donald Trump exhibiting some of these concerning behaviors:
1) Trump attacks the free press and media that criticize him, similar to propaganda techniques used in Nazi Germany.
2) Trump holds large rallies to glorify himself and spread his message, like Hitler and Goebbels did in Nazi Germany.
3) Trump scapegoats immigrants and racial minorities as enemies and dangers, and offers simplistic solutions like building a border wall, mirroring tactics used by authoritarian leaders.
4) Experts have warned that Trump's narcissism, dishonesty, and disregard for facts are traits shared by soci
The document summarizes German federal elections between 1928 and 1938, during which time the Nazi party rose to power. Some key points:
- In 1928, the Social Democratic Party remained the largest but failed to gain a majority. The Nazi party received less than 3% of the vote.
- In 1930, the Nazi party dramatically increased its seats from 12 to 107, becoming the second largest party.
- In 1932, the Nazi party became the largest party for the first time with 37% of the vote and 230 seats.
- The 1933 and 1938 elections after Hitler became Chancellor were not free and fair, with intimidation of opposition parties. The Nazi party was the sole party by 1938.
The Nazi government in Germany was able to significantly reduce unemployment between 1933-1939 through policies like public works programs and encouraging women to leave the workforce. However, while unemployment dropped from around 6 million to only 300,000, standards of living did not improve for workers under the Nazi regime. Workers faced increasingly long hours, low wages set by the state, and removal of union rights. Overall, the Nazi economic system prioritized rearmament and military spending over improving conditions for average German citizens.
Robert Wadlow, from Alton, Illinois, was the tallest person in recorded history at 8 feet 11.1 inches tall due to a pituitary gland condition. The list also includes John Rogan, the tallest African American on record at 8 feet 9 inches; John F. Carroll who suffered from severe spinal curvature and reached 8 feet 1/4 inch; Leonid Stadnyk who grew to 8 feet 5 inches due to a pituitary tumor; and Donald A. Koehler who was recognized as the tallest living man from 1969 to 1981 reaching 8 feet 2 inches due to acromegalic gigantism. The document lists 10 of the tallest people in history, many of whom suffered from medical conditions
The document discusses Andrzej Duda, the president of Poland since 2015 and member of the nationalist conservative Law and Justice party (PiS). It outlines Duda's election and reelection as president while supported by PiS. It then discusses criticisms of PiS and Duda, including that they threaten democracy and the rule of law in Poland, want to increase control over the media and judiciary, are xenophobic and homophobic, and restrict abortion rights. Citizens and organizations in Poland oppose some actions of PiS and Duda.
Peter Driben was one of the most prolific American pin-up artists of the 1940s and 1950s. He created hundreds of covers for magazines like Beauty Parade and established himself as one of the most recognized glamour artists in America through his work for publisher Robert Harrison. Driben studied art in Boston and Paris before beginning his career drawing showgirls in Paris and creating magazine covers in the 1930s. In addition to pin-ups, he also produced advertising artwork and posters, including for the film The Maltese Falcon. After retiring from pin-up art, Driben spent his later years in Miami Beach painting portraits and other fine art works with his wife.
Mallorca is the largest island of the Balearic Islands located in the Mediterranean Sea and part of Spain. The capital and largest city is Palma, which has a population of over 400,000. Like nearby islands Menorca, Ibiza, and Formentera, Mallorca is a popular tourist destination, especially for visitors from Germany and the UK, receiving over 28 million passengers annually at its international airport in Palma.
Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin began developing airship technology in 1874 and conducted the first flight of his airship LZ 1 over Lake Constance in 1900. While this initial flight proved the airship's potential, investors declined further funding. Undeterred, Zeppelin continued experimenting and received patents for his designs in Germany and the United States. Zeppelins went on to be the first airliners, operated by DELAG starting in 1910, carrying over 10,000 passengers on 1,500 flights by 1914. They were also extensively used as bombers and scouts by Germany in World War I.
Louis XIV ruled France from 1643 to 1715, the longest reign of any monarch in European history. He began personal rule in 1661 after the death of his chief minister. Louis sought to strengthen the French monarchy and centralized state power. He enacted significant legal and administrative reforms. Louis was also known for his numerous wars against other European powers such as the Netherlands, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire in an effort to expand French territory and influence.
The 25th Dynasty was a line of Nubian pharaohs who ruled Egypt from 744-656 BC after invading from their kingdom in Kush, located in modern-day Sudan. They established their capital at Napata and assimilated Egyptian culture while also introducing some Kushite aspects. However, after defeats by the Assyrian Empire, Kushite rule over Egypt came to an end and they were replaced by the 26th Dynasty as vassals of Assyria, marking the end of the Late Period in ancient Egypt.
The Swedish Empire had a formidable military during the 17th century under the leadership of Gustavus Adolphus. Gustavus reformed the army into a professional national force and introduced an effective regimental system. The Swedish army was well-equipped with modern weapons and tactics, including light artillery and combined arms. While the navy lagged behind Denmark's, Gustavus allied with other Protestant naval powers. At its peak in the early 18th century under Charles XII, the Swedish military numbered over 150,000 troops and achieved a major victory over a larger Russian force at the Battle of Narva in 1700.
1. Filmen kom till
Sverige och Malmö
28 juni 1896 visning
på Pilstorp.
Sommarteatern på
Industriutställningen
Biofilmen startade i Sverige och först i Malmö
Pilstorps Sommarteater 28/6 - 1896
Anders Dernback 2019
2. Den första offentliga
biografvisningen i Sverige ägde
rum den 28 juni 1896 på Industri-
och slöjdmässan i Pilstorp, Malmö i
en tillfällig byggnad som kallades
Sommar-Teatern. Omkring
trettiofem tusen personer besökte
kinematografen under de tre
månader som utställningen pågick.
DÃ¥ visades mycket korta filmer av
den tyske filmpionjären Max
Skladanowsky från Berlin.
3. Sommarteatern drevs av teaterlegenden August Lindberg. Till
Stockholm kom biograffilm en knapp månad senare, den 21 juli, då
fransmannen Charles Marcel framträdde med "kolorerade bilder" på
Victoriateatern på Djurgården. Medan det gästspelet var kortvarigt
höll man i Malmö på ända till hösten. De sammanlagda intäkterna
blev till cirka 15 000 kronor, (15000 SEK år 1896 kunde köpa lika
mycket varor och tjänster som 1 016 177 SEK år 2018 mätt med
konsumentprisindex.)
Alternativa beräkningar:
• 15000 SEK år 1896 motsvarade betalning för lika lång arbetstid
som 13 222 553 SEK år 2018 mätt med löneindex för manlig
industriarbetare/hantlangare.
Ex. biobiljett år 1917: 0,75 kr är idag ca. 20 kr eller 200 kr, räknat
Efter Konsumentprisutveckling eller Löneindex.
4. Johan August Lindberg, född 3 september 1846 i
Hedemora, död 18 november 1916 i Råsunda, var en
svensk skådespelare, regissör och teaterdirektör.
Lindberg är mest känd för sin tolkning av Hamlet, som
han spelade åtskilliga gånger under karriären, och han
gjorde även alla de andra stora Shakespeare-rollerna.
Som teaterledare var han en av de främsta
introduktörerna av Henrik Ibsens pjäser i Sverige, och
med sina enmanstolkningar av till exempel
Shakespeares Stormen och Goethes Faust turnerade
han inte bara i Sverige utan även i USA.
Lindberg verkade på i stort sett alla de större teatrarna
i Sverige, och turnerade i flera perioder i landsorten med
resande teatersällskap. Han utmärkte sig i sitt spel
genom sin egendomliga diktion och sitt excentriska
sätt, och han blev ofta imiterad. Trots detta hölls han
som en av landets främsta skådespelare.
5. Pilstorp den anlades i slutet av 1700-
talet av Gustav af Trolle och bestod av
3,5 tunnland, varav 1,5 tunnland lär ha
varit en vacker trädgård med vilda träd
och fruktträd. Gårdens byggnader låg
utmed Rönneholmsvägen och Villagatan
(nuvarande Fersens väg) och
trädgården norr om, mot nuvarande
Helmfeltsgatan där Kockums järnväg
tidigare löpte.
Gården Pilstorp är egentligen mest
omtalad i samband med 1896 års
Industriutställning då den tjänade som
stomme till utställningens
huvudrestaurang. Sommarteatern som
ingick i samma utställning låg sydväst
om restaurangen. Det var på denna
sommarteater som Malmöborna fick ta
del av kinematographen – den nya
uppfinningen från Paris och
filmpremiären ägde rum den 28 juni.
Utsikt över utställningsområdet mot
Kungsparken. Bilden tagen 1896 från
Industrihallens utsiktsplattform. Fotograf okänd.
8. PÃ¥ kinematografen ges H. M. Konungens ankomst till
utställningen med regi och foto av Alexandre Promio.
Lumières Kinematograf i Gamla Stockholm var ett
filmvisningsrum på Allmänna konst- och
industriutställningen 1897 i Stockholm och räknas som
Stockholms första biograf
Sveriges första reklamaffisch för biofilm 1897