For ease of analog or digital information transmission and reception, modulation is the foremost important technique. In the present project, well discuss about different modulation scheme in digital mode done by operating a switch/ key by the digital data. As we know, by modifying basic three parameters of the carrier signal, three basic modulation schemes can be obtained; generation and detection of these three modulations are discussed and compared with respect to probability of error or bit error rate (BER).
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF BER FOR AWGN, AWGN MULTIPATH AND RAYLEIGH FADING CH...IJEEE
油
This document evaluates the performance of bit error rate (BER) for different digital modulation techniques over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), AWGN multipath, and Rayleigh fading channels. It presents simulation results comparing the BER of binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation under varying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels for AWGN and AWGN multipath channels, and under varying Doppler shift levels for Rayleigh fading channels. The results show that BPSK has better BER performance than QPSK, and that BER is lowest for AWGN channels and highest for Rayleigh fading channels.
Bit error rate (BER) is a measure of the error probability in a digital transmission system. It is defined as the ratio of wrongly received bits to the total number of transmitted bits. A low BER is necessary for reliable digital communication. BER can be measured using a bit error rate tester which transmits a test pattern and counts the number of errors. BER is affected by noise and interference in the transmission channel. Noisy or burst errors are more difficult to correct than random errors. BER is an important parameter to characterize the quality and reliability of a communication system.
BER performance simulation in a multi user MIMO PresentationVikas Pandey
油
This document summarizes a simulation of bit error rate (BER) performance for a multi-user MIMO system using transmit antenna selection/maximal ratio combining (TAS/MRC) over a Nakagami-m fading channel. Modulation schemes evaluated include BPSK, QPSK, and QAM. Simulations were conducted for systems with 200 and 500 users. Results show BER decreasing as the number of users increases or modulation order increases from BPSK to QAM. Findings can inform the design of future MIMO devices.
The document discusses phase-shift keying (PSK) modulation techniques. It begins with an introduction to PSK and how it uses phases to encode digital data. It then discusses binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) which uses two phases separated by 180 degrees to encode one bit per symbol. BPSK is robust but has a low data rate. Quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) is then introduced, which uses four phases separated by 90 degrees to encode two bits per symbol, doubling the data rate of BPSK. Implementations of BPSK and QPSK modulators and demodulators are provided along with diagrams of their constellation plots.
Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation technique that conveys data by changing the phase of a carrier signal. There are three major classes of digital modulation: amplitude-shift keying, frequency-shift keying, and phase-shift keying. Quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) is a type of PSK that can either double the data rate compared to binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) while maintaining bandwidth, or maintain the BPSK data rate while halving the required bandwidth. QPSK works by splitting the binary data stream into in-phase and quadrature-phase components at the transmitter, and using matched filters or correlates to detect symbols at the receiver.
The most fundamental digital modulation techniques are based on keying: PSK (phase-shift keying): a finite number of phases are used. FSK (frequency-shift keying): a finite number of frequencies are used. ... QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation): a finite number of at least two phases and at least two amplitudes are used.
Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation technique that conveys data by changing the phase of a carrier wave. There are several types of PSK including binary PSK (BPSK) and quadrature PSK (QPSK). BPSK uses two phases separated by 180 degrees to transmit 1 bit per symbol, while QPSK uses four phases separated by 90 degrees to transmit 2 bits per symbol for higher data rates. PSK has advantages like more efficient data transmission compared to frequency-shift keying. However, it is non-coherent and more prone to incorrect demodulations. PSK finds applications in optical communications, local oscillators, and delay-and-add demodulation.
This slide describe the techniques of digital modulation and Bandwidth Efficiency:
The first null bandwidth of M-ary PSK signals decrease as M increases while Rb is held constant.
Therefore, as the value of M increases, the bandwidth efficiency also increases.
This document discusses various digital modulation techniques. It begins by explaining binary amplitude-shift keying (ASK), where one amplitude encodes a 0 and another encodes a 1. It then discusses on-off keying (OOK) and multiple amplitude shift keying (MASK). Next, it covers frequency-shift keying (FSK), phase-shift keying (PSK), differential PSK, and quadrature PSK. It also discusses more advanced modulations like quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), continuous phase modulation (CPM), and Gaussian minimum-shift keying. The document provides examples and discusses the pros, cons, and applications of different modulation schemes. It concludes by discussing a student project involving designing and analyzing a digital
The document discusses digital modulation techniques. It begins by defining digital communication as the transmission of information using digital messages or bit streams. There are notable advantages to transmitting data digitally such as the ability to detect and correct errors caused by noise and interference systematically. Digital communication also enables networking of heterogeneous systems like the Internet. The document then discusses source encoding, channel encoding, digital modulation, transmission over a channel, digital demodulation, channel decoding, and source decoding as the key components and processes in a digital communication system. It also covers various analog and digital pulse modulation techniques like PAM, PWM, PPM, PCM, delta modulation, and delta-sigma modulation.
1. Digital modulation techniques are used to modulate digital information so that it can be transmitted via different mediums. Common digital modulation methods include binary amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK), and phase shift keying (PSK).
2. FSK conveys information by changing the instantaneous frequency of a carrier wave. It is less susceptible to errors than ASK but has a larger spectrum bandwidth. PSK varies the phase of the transmitted signal. BPSK uses two phases while QPSK uses four phases.
3. The performance of digital modulation techniques can be compared using the energy per bit to noise power spectral density ratio (Eb/N0). Lower Eb/N0 values
BER performance simulation in a multi user MIMO PresentationVikas Pandey
油
This document summarizes a simulation of bit error rate (BER) performance for a multi-user MIMO system using transmit antenna selection/maximal ratio combining (TAS/MRC) over a Nakagami-m fading channel. Modulation schemes evaluated include BPSK, QPSK, and QAM. Simulations were conducted for systems with 200 and 500 users. Results show BER decreasing as the number of users increases or modulation order increases from BPSK to QAM. Findings can inform the design of future MIMO devices.
The document discusses phase-shift keying (PSK) modulation techniques. It begins with an introduction to PSK and how it uses phases to encode digital data. It then discusses binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) which uses two phases separated by 180 degrees to encode one bit per symbol. BPSK is robust but has a low data rate. Quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) is then introduced, which uses four phases separated by 90 degrees to encode two bits per symbol, doubling the data rate of BPSK. Implementations of BPSK and QPSK modulators and demodulators are provided along with diagrams of their constellation plots.
Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation technique that conveys data by changing the phase of a carrier signal. There are three major classes of digital modulation: amplitude-shift keying, frequency-shift keying, and phase-shift keying. Quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) is a type of PSK that can either double the data rate compared to binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) while maintaining bandwidth, or maintain the BPSK data rate while halving the required bandwidth. QPSK works by splitting the binary data stream into in-phase and quadrature-phase components at the transmitter, and using matched filters or correlates to detect symbols at the receiver.
The most fundamental digital modulation techniques are based on keying: PSK (phase-shift keying): a finite number of phases are used. FSK (frequency-shift keying): a finite number of frequencies are used. ... QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation): a finite number of at least two phases and at least two amplitudes are used.
Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation technique that conveys data by changing the phase of a carrier wave. There are several types of PSK including binary PSK (BPSK) and quadrature PSK (QPSK). BPSK uses two phases separated by 180 degrees to transmit 1 bit per symbol, while QPSK uses four phases separated by 90 degrees to transmit 2 bits per symbol for higher data rates. PSK has advantages like more efficient data transmission compared to frequency-shift keying. However, it is non-coherent and more prone to incorrect demodulations. PSK finds applications in optical communications, local oscillators, and delay-and-add demodulation.
This slide describe the techniques of digital modulation and Bandwidth Efficiency:
The first null bandwidth of M-ary PSK signals decrease as M increases while Rb is held constant.
Therefore, as the value of M increases, the bandwidth efficiency also increases.
This document discusses various digital modulation techniques. It begins by explaining binary amplitude-shift keying (ASK), where one amplitude encodes a 0 and another encodes a 1. It then discusses on-off keying (OOK) and multiple amplitude shift keying (MASK). Next, it covers frequency-shift keying (FSK), phase-shift keying (PSK), differential PSK, and quadrature PSK. It also discusses more advanced modulations like quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), continuous phase modulation (CPM), and Gaussian minimum-shift keying. The document provides examples and discusses the pros, cons, and applications of different modulation schemes. It concludes by discussing a student project involving designing and analyzing a digital
The document discusses digital modulation techniques. It begins by defining digital communication as the transmission of information using digital messages or bit streams. There are notable advantages to transmitting data digitally such as the ability to detect and correct errors caused by noise and interference systematically. Digital communication also enables networking of heterogeneous systems like the Internet. The document then discusses source encoding, channel encoding, digital modulation, transmission over a channel, digital demodulation, channel decoding, and source decoding as the key components and processes in a digital communication system. It also covers various analog and digital pulse modulation techniques like PAM, PWM, PPM, PCM, delta modulation, and delta-sigma modulation.
1. Digital modulation techniques are used to modulate digital information so that it can be transmitted via different mediums. Common digital modulation methods include binary amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK), and phase shift keying (PSK).
2. FSK conveys information by changing the instantaneous frequency of a carrier wave. It is less susceptible to errors than ASK but has a larger spectrum bandwidth. PSK varies the phase of the transmitted signal. BPSK uses two phases while QPSK uses four phases.
3. The performance of digital modulation techniques can be compared using the energy per bit to noise power spectral density ratio (Eb/N0). Lower Eb/N0 values
3. 57
Q
I
亳. 1. I/Q 亟亳舒亞舒仄仄舒 亟仍 BPSK 仄仂亟仍亳亳
(1 弍亳 仆舒 亳仄于仂仍)
弌从仆舒 亠仄舒 于从仍ム舒亠 仄仂亟亠仍亳 仗亠亠亟舒亳从舒,
从舒仆舒仍舒, 仗亳仄仆亳从舒. 丶亳仂于仂亶 亳亞仆舒仍 仗亠仂弍舒亰亠 于
舒仆舒仍仂亞仂于亶 仗仂仄仂 仂亟仆仂弍亳仂于仂亞仂 丶. 舒仍亠亠
于仗仂仍仆磳 仄仂亟仍亳仂于舒仆亳亠, 亳仍亠仆亳亠 亳 仗亠亠亟舒舒 于
从舒仆舒仍. 仂亟亠仍 从舒仆舒仍舒 仗亠亟仗仂仍舒亞舒亠 仆舒仍亳亳亠 仄舒.
亳仄仆亶 舒从 仂亠于仍磳 亳仍亠仆亳亠 于仂亟仆仂亞仂
亳亞仆舒仍舒 亳 亠亞仂 亟亠仄仂亟仍亳. 舒亠仄 仗亳仄亠仆磳
仆亳亰从仂舒仂仆舒 亳仍舒亳 亳 于仗仂仍仆磳
仗亠仂弍舒亰仂于舒仆亳亠 亳亞仆舒仍舒 于 亳仂于 仂仄.
仍 仗仂于亠亟亠仆亳 仗仂于亠亟亠仆亠从仂亞仂 仄仂亟亠仍亳仂于舒仆亳
舒仄舒亳于舒亠仄仂亞仂 舒从舒 仆亢仆仂 仂仄亳仂于舒 VHDL-
AMS 仄舒从仂仄仂亟亠仍亳 仗亳于亠亟仆仆 弍仍仂从仂于 亳 仗仂仍亳
亠亰仍亳ム VHDL-AMS 仄仂亟亠仍 仗仂仍仆仂亞仂
舒从舒.
亳. 2. 弌从仆舒 亠仄舒 仄仂亟亠仍亳 舒从舒:
Dinp 亳仂于仂亶 亳亞仆舒仍 亳仆仂仆亳亰舒亳亳; D 仍舒亶仆舒
弍亳仂于舒 仗仂仍亠亟仂于舒亠仍仆仂 (于仂亟仆仂亶 亳亞仆舒仍),
DA_Converter 亳仂-舒仆舒仍仂亞仂于亶 仗亠仂弍舒亰仂于舒亠仍,
TX_Mixer BPSK 仄仂亟仍仂, Oscillator 亞亠仆亠舒仂
亞舒仄仂仆亳亠从仂亞仂 亳亞仆舒仍舒 (f = 2), PA 亳仍亳亠仍
仄仂仆仂亳 仗亠亠亟舒亳从舒, RF_Channel 仄仂亟亠仍 亳舒
(仂仍舒弍仍亠仆亳亠 & 仄), Efir_Noise 亞亠仆亠舒仂 仄舒 亳舒,
RX_AMP 仗亠亟亳仍亳亠仍 仗亳亠仄仆亳从舒, RX_MIXER BPSK
亟亠仄仂亟仍仂, LP_Filter 个丼 仗亳亠仄仆亳从舒, AD_Converter
舒仆舒仍仂亞仂-亳仂于仂亶 仗亠仂弍舒亰仂于舒亠仍, D_out 于仂亟仆仂亶
亳仂于仂亶 亳亞仆舒仍.
III. 丼弌 丐丐
丼
A. VHDL-AMS 从仂亟 仄仂亟亠仍亠亶 弍仍仂从仂于
仍 舒亰舒弍仂从亳 VHDL-AMS 从仂亟仂于,
仗亠亟舒于仍ム亳 仄仂亟亠仍亳 弍仍仂从仂于, 仗亳仄亠仆磿舒 舒仆亠亠
舒亰舒弍仂舒仆仆舒 亳亠仄舒 舒于仂仄舒亳亠从仂亶 亞亠仆亠舒亳亳
VHDL-AMS 仄舒从仂仄仂亟亠仍亠亶 仗仂 亳 亞舒亳亠从仂仄
仗亠亟舒于仍亠仆亳.
亳亢亠 仗亳于亠亟亠仆 亠亰仍舒 舒弍仂 从舒亰舒仆仆仂亶
仗仂亞舒仄仄.
1 亠仆亠舒仂 于仂亟仆仂亶 弍亳仂于仂亶 仗仂仍亠亟仂于舒亠仍仆仂亳.
entity RandData is
generic(seed : real := 10);
port ( signal Clk : in bit;
signal Rand : out bit );
end entity RandData;
architecture archRandData of RandData is
variable N : real;
begin
GEN_B_0:process(Clk)
begin
if (Clk'event and Clk = '1') then
N := -0.5+RandU(seed) ; -- RandU - 亞亠仆亠舒仂
if (N > 0.0) then -- 仍舒亶仆 亳亠仍
Rand <= '1';
else
Rand <= '0';
end if;
end if;
end process GEN_B_0;
2 DA_Converter
entity DA_CONV is
port ( signal Si : in bit;
quantity Vo : out real );
end entity DA_CONV;
architecture archDA_CONV of DA_CONV is
begin
break on Si;
case Si use
when '1' use
Vo == 1;
when others use
Vo == -1;
end case;
end architecture archDA_CONV;
3 Mixer (仄仂亟仍仂 亳 亟亠仄仂亟仍仂)
entity MIXER is
port ( quantity RFin : in real;
quantity OSCin : in real;
quantity RFout : out real );
end entity MIXER;
architecture archMIXER of MIXER is
begin
RFout == RFin*OSCin;
end architecture archMIXER;
4 亳仆亠亶仆亶 亳仍亳亠仍 (PA 亳 RX_AMP)
entity LinAmp is
generic(Gain : real := 20); -- 从- 亳仍亠仆亳 (dB)
port ( quantity RFin : in real;
4. 58
quantity RFout : out real );
end entity LinAmp;
architecture archLinAmp of LinAmp is
begin
RFout == 10**(Gain/20)*RFin;
end architecture archLinAmp;
5 仂亟亠仍 舒亟亳仂从舒仆舒仍舒 亳 亞亠仆亠舒仂 仄舒
entity RF_Channel is
generic (Att : real := -40); -- 仂仍舒弍仍亠仆亳亠 亳亞仆舒仍舒 (dB)
port ( quantity RFin : in real;
quantity RFout : out real;
quantity Noi : in real );
end entity RF_Channel;
architecture archRF_Channel of RF_Channel is
begin
RFout == RFin*10**(Att/20) + Noi;
end architecture archRF_Channel;
entity WhiteGauss is 亞亠仆亠舒仂 弍亠仍仂亞仂 仄舒
generic (Level : real := 1.e-3; Frate : real := 1; Tau : real :=
0.1);
port (quantity WG : out real );
end entity WhiteGauss;
architecture archWhiteGauss of WhiteGauss is
signal N : real;
constant rate : real := 1.0;
variable x1 ,x2 : real;
constant seed : real := 1;
constant Pi : real := 3.14159;
constant T : real := 1/Frate;
begin
P1: process
begin
wait for T ;
x1 := RandU(seed) ;
x2 := RandU(seed) ;
N <= sqrt(-2*log(x1))*cos(2*Pi*x2);
end process P1;
Level*N == WG+Tau*WG'dot;
end architecture archWhiteGauss;
6 AD 从仂仆于亠仂
entity AD_Converter is
port ( quantity A : in real;
signal D : out bit );
end entity AD_Converter;
architecture archAD_Converter of AD_Converter is
constant Level : real := 0.1;
begin
D <= transport '1' when A'above(Level) else '0';
end architecture archAD_Converter;
. VHDL-AMS 从仂亟 于亠亞仂 舒从舒
亳亢亠 仗亠亟舒于仍亠仆舒 仄仂亟亠仍 仗仂于亠亟亠仆亳 于亠亞仂 舒从舒 仆舒
弍舒亰亠 舒仆亠亠 仗亳于亠亟仆仆 仄仂亟亠仍亠亶 仂亟亠仍仆 弍仍仂从仂于.
entity BPSK is
port ( signal Dout : out bit;-- 于仂亟仆仂亶 亳仆仂亳亞仆舒仍
signal Dinp : in bit ); -- 于仂亟仆仂亶 亳仂于仂亶 亳亞仆舒仍
end entity BPSK;
architecture archBPSK of BPSK is
constant EfirAtt : real := -80;-- 仂仍舒弍仍亠仆亳亠 亳亞仆舒仍舒 于
亳亠 (dB)
constant NoiseLev : real := 1.e-2; -- 仂仆仂亳.
仂于亠仆 仄舒
constant RXampGain : real := 80; -- 从-
亳仍亠仆亳 仗亳亠仄仆亳从舒 (dB)
constant PAGain : real := 20; --从-
亳仍亠仆亳 仗亠亠亟舒亳从舒 (dB)
constant Fb : real := 0.05; -- 亞舒仆亳仆.
舒仂舒 个丼 ()
constant G_LPF : real := 0.5; -- 从-
仗亠亠亟舒亳 个丼
constant Fcur : real := 2.0; -- 仆亠舒
舒仂舒 ()
quantity F, G, C , RF_TX, RF_RX, N_6, N_8, N_11,
Ainp : real;
signal D : bit;
begin
RandData:entity RandData generic map(seed=>1)
port map(Clk=>Dinp,Rand=>D);
DA_Converter:entity DA_CONV
port map(Si=>D,Vo=>Ainp);
TX_MIXER:entity MIXER
port
map(RFin=>Ainp,OSCin=>N_11,RFout=>N_8);
PA:entity LinAmp generic map(Gain=>PAGain)
port map(RFin=>N_8,RFout=>RF_TX);
RF_Channel:entity RF_Channel generic map(Att=>EfirAtt)
port map(RFin=>RF_TX,RFout=>RF_RX,Noi=>N_6);
RX_AMP:entity LinAmp generic map(Gain=>RXampGain)
port map(RFin=>RF_RX,RFout=>C);
RX_MIXER:entity MIXER
port map(RFin=>C,OSCin=>N_11,RFout=>G);
LP_Filter:entity Lfilter
generic map(f_b=>Fb,g=>G_LPF,Q=>1.0)
port map(Vi=>G,Vo=>F);
AD_Converter:entity AD_Converter
port map(A=>F,D=>Dout);
EfirNoise:entity WhiteGauss
generic map(Level=>NoiseLev,Frate=>1,Tau=>0.1)
port map(WG=>N_6);
Oscillator:entity OSCIL generic map(A=>1,F=>Fcur)
port map(Vosc=>N_11);
end architecture archBPSK;
. 亠亰仍舒 仄仂亟亠仍亳仂于舒仆亳
仂仍亠仆仆舒 仄仂亟亠仍 仗仂亰于仂仍磳 仗仂于仂亟亳
仄仆仂亞仂于舒亳舒仆仆亶 舒仆舒仍亳亰, 仂弍亠仗亠亳于舒 仂亠仆从
于仍亳礌亳 仗舒舒仄亠仂于 仄仂亟亠仍亳亠仄仂亞仂 舒从舒 亳仍亳
于仆亠仆亳 于仂亰亟亠亶于亳亶 仆舒 仂仆仂于仆亠 舒亳于舒亠仄亠
舒舒从亠亳亳从亳. 舒仆仂亳, 舒于亳仍舒 亰舒亟舒舒
仂仗亠亟亠仍亠仆亳 亟仂仗亳仄仂亞仂 仂于仆 仂仆仂亠仆亳
5. 59
亳亞仆舒仍/仄 仆舒 于仂亟亠 仗亳亠仄仆亳从舒 仗亳 亳亰亳亠从亳
亠舒仍亳亰亠仄 仗舒舒仄亠舒 弍仍仂从仂于. 舒 亳.3 仗亳于亠亟亠仆
舒亳舒仆仆亠 于亠仄亠仆仆亠 亟亳舒亞舒仄仄 于 仆舒亳弍仂仍亠亠
亳仆仂仄舒亳于仆 亰仍舒 舒仆舒仍亳亰亳亠仄仂亶 从仆仂亶
亠仄 (亳.2) 仗亳 仂于亳亳 仄舒 舒亟亳仂从舒仆舒仍舒
(亳舒). 仂从舒亰舒仆, 于 舒仆仂亳, 于亳亟 亳亞仆舒仍舒 仗仂仍亠
亳仍亳亠仍 仗亳亠仄仆亳从舒, 亳亞仆舒仍 仆舒 于仂亟亠
亟亠仄仂亟仍仂舒, 亳亞仆舒仍 仗仂仍亠 亳仍舒 仆亳亰从仂亶 舒仂.
仆亳亢仆亠亶 舒亳 亟亳舒亞舒仄仄 仗亳于亠亟亠仆 于仂亟仆亠
亳仂于亠 亳亞仆舒仍 仗亠亠亟舒亳从舒 亳 于仂亟仆仂亶
亳仂于仂亶 亳亞仆舒仍 仗亳仄仆亳从舒. 亰 亳 亟亳舒亞舒仄仄
于亳亟仆仂, 仂 于仂亟仆舒 仗仂仍亠亟仂于舒亠仍仆仂 (Dout)
仗仂于仂磳 于仂亟仆 仗仂仍亠亟仂于舒亠仍仆仂 (D)
仆亠从仂仂仂亶 亰舒亟亠亢从仂亶. 丕于亠仍亳亠仆仆亶 舒亞仄亠仆
亟亳舒亞舒仄仄 (亳. 5) 亳仍仍ム亳亠 仄亠仆 舒亰
亳亞仆舒仍仂于 亟仍 BPSK 仄仂亟仍亳亳.
舒 亳.4 仗亳于亠亟亠仆 于亠仄亠仆仆亠 亟亳舒亞舒仄仄 仗亳
亰舒亟舒仆仆仂仄 仂于仆亠 仄舒 从舒仆舒仍舒. 亠仄仂 仆舒
亰仆舒亳亠仍仆亠 亳从舒亢亠仆亳 仗亳仆仂亞仂
于仂从仂舒仂仆仂亞仂 亳亞仆舒仍舒 (弌), 于仂亟仆仂亶 亳仂于仂亶
亳亞仆舒仍 仗仂仍仆仂 仂仂于亠于亠 于仂亟仆仂仄 (亳. 6舒).
丕仄亠仆亠仆亳亠 仂仂仆仂亠仆亳 亳亞仆舒仍/仄 仆舒 于仂亟亠
仗亳亠仄仆亳从舒 仆舒 20dB 仗亳于仂亟亳 从 仂亳弍从舒仄 于 于仂亟仆仂亶
仗仂仍亠亟仂于舒亠仍仆仂亳 (亳. 6.弍).
仍 亟舒仍仆亠亶亠亠 仂仆亠仆亳亠 仄仂亟亠仍亳 舒从舒 仗仂仍亠亰仆仂
于于亠亳 仆亠仍亳仆亠亶仆亠 舒舒从亠亳亳从亳 亳仍亳亠仍亠亶,
仆舒仗亳仄亠 亳仗仂仍亰仂于舒 VHDL-AMS 仄仂亟亠仍
仆亠仍亳仆亠亶仆仂亞仂 亳仍亳亠仍 仆亠仍亳仆亠亶仆仂 3-亞仂
仗仂磲从舒 [10].
entity NL_Amp is
generic (G : real := 40.0; -- 从- 亳仍亠仆亳, dB
Ip3 : real := -10.0;-- IP3 仂从舒 丱, dB
Ri : real := 0.05);-- 于仂亟仆. 亳 于.
--仂仗仂亳于仍亠仆亳
port ( quantity Vi : in real; quantity Vo : out real );
end entity NL_Amp;
architecture archNL_Amp of NL_Amp is
constant a : real := pow(10,G/20);
constant c: real :=a*1.33/(pow(10,Ip3/10)*2*Ri);
constant Vi_cr : real := sqrt(a/(3*c));
constant Vo_cr : real := (2*a/3)*Vi_cr;
begin
if fabs(Vi) < Vi_cr use
Vo == (a - c*Vi*Vi)*Vi;
else if Vi < 0 use
Vo == -Vo_cr;
else
Vo == Vo_cr;
end use;
end use;
end architecture archNL_Amp;
亠亠亟舒仂仆舒 舒舒从亠亳亳从舒 舒从仂亞仂 亳仍亳亠仍
亳仄亠亠 于亳亟, 仗仂从舒亰舒仆仆亶 仆舒 亳. 7.
丐舒从亳仄 仂弍舒亰仂仄, 仆舒 仗亳仄亠亠 仂仆仂亳亠仍仆仂 仗仂仂亞仂
于亳亟舒 亳仂于仂亶 仄仂亟仍亳亳 - BPSK 仄仂亟仍亳亳
仗仂从舒亰舒仆舒 仄亠仂亟亳从舒 仗仂于亠亟亠仆亠从仂亞仂 仄仂亟亠仍亳仂于舒仆亳
舒亟亳仂亠仆亳亠从亳 亠仄 亳仂于仂亶 仄仂亟仍亳亠亶
仗亳仄亠仆亠仆亳亠仄 亠亟于 仄亠舒仆仆仂亞仂 VHDL-AMS
仄仂亟亠仍亳仂于舒仆亳.
亳. 3. 亠仄亠仆仆亠 亟亳舒亞舒仄仄 仗亳 仂于亳亳 仗仂仄亠亳:
C 亳亞仆舒仍 于 仗亳亠仄仆亳从亠 仗仂仍亠 亳仍亳亠仍,
G 亳亞仆舒仍 仆舒 于仂亟亠 亟亠仄仂亟仍仂舒.
F 亳亞仆舒仍 仗仂仍亠 个丼,
Dinp 于仂亟仆亠 亳仆仂亳仄仗仍,
D 仍舒亶仆亶 于仂亟仆仂亶 亳仂于仂亶 亳亞仆舒仍,
Dout 于仂亟仆仂亶 亳仂于仂亶 亳亞仆舒仍 仗亳亠仄仆亳从舒.
亳. 4. 亠仄亠仆仆亠 亟亳舒亞舒仄仄 仗亳 仆舒仍亳亳亳 仗仂仄亠亳:
Ainp 亳亞仆舒仍 仆舒 于仂亟亠 TX_MIXER,
RF_TX 亳亞仆舒仍 仆舒 于仂亟亠 仗亠亠亟舒亳从舒,
C 亳亞仆舒仍 于 仗亳亠仄仆亳从亠 仗仂仍亠 亳仍亳亠仍,
G 亳亞仆舒仍 仆舒 于仂亟亠 亟亠仄仂亟仍仂舒,.
F 亳亞仆舒仍 仗仂仍亠 个丼,
D 于仂亟仆仂亶 亳仂于仂亶 亳亞仆舒仍,
6. 60
Dout 于仂亟仆仂亶 亳仂于仂亶 亳亞仆舒仍 仗亳亠仄仆亳从舒.
亳. 5. 个舒亞仄亠仆 亳亞仆舒仍仂于 RF_TX 亳 弌, 仆舒 从仂仂仂仄
于亳亟仆舒 仄亠仆舒 舒亰 亳亞仆舒仍仂于 于 BPSK 亳亠仄亠 仄仂亟仍亳亳
舒)
弍)
亳. 6. 弌舒于仆亠仆亳亠 于仂亟仆仂亶 亳 于仂亟仆仂亶
仗仂仍亠亟仂于舒亠仍仆仂亠亶 亳亞仆舒仍仂于:
舒) 于仂亟仆舒 仗仂仍亠亟仂于舒亠仍仆仂 (Dout) 仗仂于仂磳 于仂亟仆
(D) 仆亠从仂仂仂亶 亰舒亟亠亢从仂亶, F 亳亞仆舒仍 仆舒 于仂亟亠 丶-
仗亠仂弍舒亰仂于舒亠仍;
弍) 仗仂磦仍亠仆亳亠 仂亳弍仂从 于 于仂亟仆仂亶 仗仂仍亠亟仂于舒亠仍仆仂亳 仗亳
仄亠仆亠仆亳亳 仂仂仆仂亠仆亳 亳亞仆舒仍/仄 仆舒 于仂亟亠 仗亳亠仄仆亳从舒.
亳. 7. 亠亠亟舒仂仆舒 舒舒从亠亳亳从舒 仆亠仍亳仆亠亶仆仂亶
仄仂亟亠仍亳 亳仍亳亠仍
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[9] 从舒仍仆亠 仗仂弍仍亠仄 仄仂亟亠仍亳仂于舒仆亳 于 亳亠仄舒
舒于仂仄舒亳亰舒亳亳 亠仄仂亠仆亳亠从仂亞仂 仗仂亠从亳仂于舒仆亳,
仗仂亟 亠亟舒从亳亠亶 仍.-从仂. ..弌亠仄仗从仂于从仂亞仂. //
从舒亟亠仄亳亰亟舒亠仆 舒从舒 , 2003 亞.
[10] 豫.. 亞仂仂于, .. 磿亳仆从亳亶 于仂仄舒亳亰舒亳 亳仆亠亰舒
VHDL-AMS 仄仂亟亠仍亠亶 亟仍 仄亠舒仆仆仂亞仂 亳 舒仆舒仍仂亞仂于仂亞仂
仗仂于亠亟亠仆亠从仂亞仂 仄仂亟亠仍亳仂于舒仆亳 // 亠仂亳亶从舒
舒仆仂-亠仆亳亠从舒 从仂仆亠亠仆亳 "仂弍仍亠仄 舒亰舒弍仂从亳
仗亠仗亠从亳于仆 仄亳从仂仍亠从仂仆仆 亳亠仄 2005" / 弌弍.
仆舒仆 . 仗仂亟 仂弍. 亠亟. .. 弌亠仄仗从仂于从仂亞仂.-.:
.-2005.弌.25-32.