Chapter 3 matter
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The document discusses the classification and properties of matter. It defines the three physical states of matter as solid, liquid, and gas, which are determined by a substance's structure and ability to change shape. Pure substances are either elements or compounds, while mixtures can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. Physical properties describe observable characteristics without changing composition, while chemical properties involve changes in composition through contact with other substances or energy. Phase changes that alter a substance's state, such as melting or boiling, are physical changes rather than chemical changes.
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Alan Turing arguably wrote the first paper on formal methods 75 years ago. Since then, there have been claims and counterclaims about formal methods. Tool development has been slow but aided by Moore¡¯s Law with the increasing power of computers. Although formal methods are not widespread in practical usage at a heavyweight level, their influence as crept into software engineering practice to the extent that they are no longer necessarily called formal methods in their use. In addition, in areas where safety and security are important, with the increasing use of computers in such applications, formal methods are a viable way to improve the reliability of such software-based systems. Their use in hardware where a mistake can be very costly is also important. This talk explores the journey of formal methods to the present day and speculates on future directions.
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Freshworks migrated from Cassandra to ScyllaDB to handle growing audit log data efficiently. Cassandra required frequent scaling, complex repairs, and had non-linear scaling. ScyllaDB reduced costs with fewer machines and improved operations. Using Zero Downtime Migration (ZDM), they bulk-migrated data, performed dual writes, and validated consistency.30B Images and Counting: Scaling Canva's Content-Understanding Pipelines by K...
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Many MSPs overlook endpoint backup, missing out on additional profit and leaving a gap that puts client data at risk.
Join our webinar as we break down the top challenges of endpoint backup¡ªand how to overcome them.MIND Revenue Release Quarter 4 2024 - Finacial Presentation
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https://mooc.uniurb.it/aixmooc A Framework for Model-Driven Digital Twin Engineering
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ºÝºÝߣs from my PhD Defense at Johannes Kepler University, held on Janurary 10, 2025.
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Learn what UiPath Agentic Automation capabilities are and how you can empower your agents with dynamic decision making. In this session we will cover these topics:
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- 1. Classifying Matter by Physical State Matter can be classified as solid, liquid, or gas based on what properties it exhibits. Fixed = Property doesn¡¯t change when placed in a container. Indefinite = Takes the property of the container.
- 2. Structure Determines Properties The atoms or molecules have different structures in solids, liquids, and gases ? leading to different properties.
- 3. Classification of Matter by Composition Pure Substance = All samples are made of the same pieces in the same percentages. Salt Mixtures = Different samples may have the same pieces in different percentages. Salt water Pure Substance Constant Composition Homogeneous Mixture Variable Composition Matter
- 4. Classification of Pure Substances 1. Made of one type of atom. (Some elements are found as multi-atom molecules in nature.) 2. Combine together to make compounds. 1. Made of one type of molecule, or array of ions. 2. Molecules contain 2 or more different kinds of atoms. Elements Compounds
- 5. Classification of Mixtures 1. Made of multiple substances, but appears to be one substance. 2. All portions of a sample have the same composition and properties. 1. Made of multiple substances, whose presence can be seen. 2. Portions of a sample have different composition and properties. Heterogeneous Homogeneous
- 7. Properties of Matter Physical Properties are the characteristics of matter that can be changed without changing its composition. Characteristics that are directly observable. Chemical Properties are the characteristics that determine how the composition of matter changes as a result of contact with other matter or the influence of energy. Characteristics that describe the behavior of matter.
- 10. Changes in Matter Changes that alter the state or appearance of the matter without altering the composition are called physical changes . Changes that alter the composition of the matter are called chemical changes . During the chemical change, the atoms that are present rearrange into new molecules, but all of the original atoms are still present.
- 11. Phase Changes Are Physical Changes Boiling = liquid to gas. Melting = solid to liquid. Subliming = solid to gas. Freezing = liquid to solid. Condensing = gas to liquid. Deposition = gas to solid. State changes require heating or cooling the substance. Evaporation is not a simple phase change, it is a solution process.