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- 1. Chemistry & Science By Jordyn Abrams
- 2. Classifying Matter -Vocabulary Pure Substance: Matter that always has the exact same composition Element: A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances Atom: The smallest part of an element Compound: A substance that is made from two or more simpler substances and can be broken down into those simpler substances Heterogeneous mixture: The parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another Homogeneous mixture: the substances are so evenly distributed that is is difficult to distinguish one substance in the mixture from another Suspension: A heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers over time Colloid: It contains some particles that are intermediate in size between the small particles in the solution and the large particles in the suspension
- 3. Key Concepts Every sample of a given substance has the same properties because a substance has a fixed, uniform composition An element has a fixed composition because it contains only one type of atom A compound always contains two or more elements joined in a fixed proportion The properties of a mixture can vary because the composition of a mixture is not fixed
- 4. Breakdown of Matter Matter Pure Substance Mixtures Heterogeneous Homogeneous Element Compound Mixture Mixture
- 5. Physical Properties - Vocabulary Physical property: Any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material Viscosity: The tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing Conductivity: A material’s ability to allow heat to flow Malleability: The ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering Melting Point: The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid Boiling Point: The temperature at which a substance boils Filtration: A process that separates materials based on the size of their particles Distillation: A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points Physical change: Something that occurs when some of the properties of a material change
- 6. Key Concepts Viscosity, conductivity, malleability, hardness, melting point, boiling point, and density are all examples of physical properties Physical Properties are used to identify a material, to choose a material for a specific purpose, or to separate the substances in a mixture. Filtration and distillation are two common separation methods Some physical changes can be reserved while others cannot
- 7. Temperature Temperature: A means of measuring heat; also measuring speed at which particles are moving (faster movement=greater temperatures) Instruments used: Thermometer Units: CËš, FËš, K Celsius: Water boils at 100ËšC and freezes at 0ËšC Fahrenheit: Water boils at 212ËšF and freezes at 32ËšC Kelvin: Water boils at 373K and freezes at 273K
- 8. Filtration Filtration:A process that separates materials based on the size of particles and/or solubility
- 9. Evaporation Evaporation: A process used to isolate a solid dissolved in a liquid There will only be one substance left!
- 10. Distillation Distillation: A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points
- 11. Chemical Properties- Vocabulary Chemical Properties: Any ability to change in the composition of matter Flammability: A materials ability to burn in the presence of oxygen Reactivity : How readily a substance combines chemically with other substances Chemical change: It occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substances Precipitate: Any solids that forms and separates from a liquid mixture.
- 12. Key Concepts Chemical properties can be observed only when the substances in a sample of matter are changing into different substances. Three common types of evidence for a chemical change are a change in color, the production of gas, and the formation of a precipitate. When matter undergoes a chemical change, the composition of the matter changes. When matter undergoes a physical change, the composition of the matter remains the same.
- 13. Physical vs. Chemical Changes Example of a physical change- the composition is NOT changed Example of chemical change- the composition DOES change
- 14. Review- Question #1 A)What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture? B) What are their subcategories A) Pure substances composition never changes, and a mixture’s composition will change. B) Pure Substance’s=Compound, Element. Mixture= Heterogeneous, Homogeneous.
- 15. Review- Question #2 What is the difference between a colloid, solution, and a suspension Colloid= Light cannot go through the substance Suspension= Mixture, it is layered Solution= Light can go through it
- 16. Review- Question #3 What are two separation techniques? Either distillation, filtration, or evaporation is a separation technique
- 17. Review- Question #4 Why are physical and chemical properties used to help identify certain substances? They are used because all elements have properties unique to them.
- 18. Review- Question #5 What is the formula for calculating density? Density= Mass/Volume