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Counters are digital circuits that use flip-flops to count clock pulses. There are different types of counters including synchronous, asynchronous, up/down, decade, ring, and Johnson counters. Synchronous counters are faster but more complex and expensive than asynchronous counters. A decade counter uses JK flip-flops with the J and K inputs connected to logic 1 and the outputs in a cascade to count from 0 to 9 before resetting. A ring counter cascades flip-flops in a loop with the output of the last connected to the input of the first. A Johnson counter is similar but with the inverted output of the last flip-flop connected to the first.
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Registers are memory elements that store binary words. Counters are registers that count clock pulses. There are different types of registers like buffer registers, shift registers, and controlled shift registers. Ripple counters count clock pulses using JK flip flops but have propagation delays. Synchronous counters clock all flip flops simultaneously, eliminating propagation delays. Ring counters sequentially activate devices by having only one high bit in the stored word.Registers and counters
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1. The document discusses different types of registers, counters, and shift registers including their components, functions, and loading/shifting processes.
2. It also covers synchronous and asynchronous counters as well as ring and Johnson counters.
3. Finally, it discusses integrated circuits and different digital logic families including TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS, and I2L.Counters_pptx.pptx
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This document discusses counters and their applications. It begins by defining a counter as a sequential digital device used for counting up or down. There are different types of counters including asynchronous (ripple) counters and binary counters. Counters are used for applications like frequency division and reducing the frequency of a clock signal. Flip-flops are also discussed as they are the basic building blocks of counters. Specific counter circuits like binary ripple counters, BCD counters, and techniques for designing counters with modular values other than powers of two are described.Recently uploaded (20)
Lecture -3 Cold water supply system.pptx
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The presentation on Cold Water Supply explored the fundamental principles of water distribution in buildings. It covered sources of cold water, including municipal supply, wells, and rainwater harvesting. Key components such as storage tanks, pipes, valves, and pumps were discussed for efficient water delivery. Various distribution systems, including direct and indirect supply methods, were analyzed for residential and commercial applications. The presentation emphasized water quality, pressure regulation, and contamination prevention. Common issues like pipe corrosion, leaks, and pressure drops were addressed along with maintenance strategies. Diagrams and case studies illustrated system layouts and best practices for optimal performance.US Patented ReGenX Generator, ReGen-X Quatum Motor EV Regenerative Accelerati...
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Demonstration Protocol: The demonstration protocol involves three prototypes;
1. Protytpe #1, demonstrates the ReGenX Generator's Load Current Time Delay when compared to the instantaneous Load Current Sine Wave for a Conventional Generator Coil.
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4. When the Conventional Faraday Generator is placed On-Load, Negative Work is performed and the speed of the system decreases according to Lenz's Law of Induction.
5. In order to maintain the System Speed and the Electric Power magnitude to the Loads, additional Input Power must be supplied to the Prime Mover and additional Mechanical Input Power must be supplied to the Generator's Drive Shaft.
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Index
Introduction - Page 3
The Need for Hydrogen Fueling - Page 5
Pure H2 Fueling Technology - Page 7
Blend Gas Fueling: A Transition Strategy - Page 10
Performance Metrics: H2 vs. Fossil Fuels - Page 12
Cost Analysis and Economic Viability - Page 15
Innovations Driving Leadership - Page 18
Laminar Flame Speed Adjustment
Heat Management Systems
The Donatelli Cycle
Non-Carnot Cycle Applications
Case Studies and Real-World Applications - Page 22
Conclusion: Secure Supplies Leadership in Hydrogen Fueling - Page 27
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Inspection & Quality Control Enhancements Advanced techniques for defect detection.
Applicable Standards: GOST, KMK, SNK Ensuring compliance with international quality benchmarks.
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QA/QC Inspectors, Structural Engineers, Welding Inspectors, and Project Managers in the construction & oil & gas industries.
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Download & share your thoughts! Let's discuss best practices for enhancing structural integrity in industrial projects.
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Engineering
Construction
Quality Control
Welding Inspection
Project Management
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#QAQC #StructuralInspection #WeldingDefects #BoltingIssues #ConstructionQuality #Engineering #GOSTStandards #WeldingInspection #QualityControl #ProjectManagement #MOF3 #CopperProcessing #StructuralEngineering #NDT #OilAndGasIntegration of Additive Manufacturing (AM) with IoT : A Smart Manufacturing A...
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counters.ppt
- 1. INTRODUCTION Counters are the crucial hard ware components. Counter circuit are made using flip flop. Counters have modes. The mod of the counter represents the number of states of the cycles through it, before setting the counter to its initial state. E.g A binary mod 4 counter has 4 count states, from 000 to 011. So the mod 4 counter counts from 0 to 4. This means, in general a mod N counter can contain n number of flip flops, where 2n = N.
- 2. WHAT IS COUNTER ? The digital circuit which is used to count the number of pulses are formly called the counter (Timers) . A counter is a circuit that produces a numeric count each time an input clock pulse makes an active transition Counting means incrementing or decrementing the values of an operator, with respect to its previous state value. We cannot perform this action (counting) with any other logic devices rather than counters.
- 4. TYPES OF COUNTER Asynchronous Counters Synchronous Counters Up And Down Counter Decade Counter Ring Counter Johnson Counter
- 5. DIFFERENCE SYNCHRONOUs The propagation delay is very low. Its operational frequency is very high. These are faster than that of ripple counters. Large number of logic gates are required to design High cost. Synchronous circuits are easy to design ASYNCHRONOUS Propagation delay is higher than that of synchronous counters. The maximum frequency of operation is very low. These are slow in operation. Less number of logic gates required. Low cost. Complex to design.
- 6. ASYNCHRONOUS UP/DOWN COUNTER The asynchronous is the simplest in term of logical operation there for it is easiest to design. Here the clock pulse is applied to first flip flop and the successesive f/f are triggerd by the output of the previous out put thus the counter has the cumulative settling time
- 7. Truth table for up/down counter
- 8. DECADE COUNTER decade counter can be constructed with JK flip flop. The J output and K outputs are connected to logic 1. The clock input of every flip flop is connected to the output of next flip flop, except the last one. When the Decade counter is at REST, the count is equal to 0000. The NAND gate output is connected to clear input, so it resets all the flip flop stages in decade counter. This means the pulse after count 9 will again start the count from count 0.
- 9. Truth table The NAND gate output is connected to clear input, so it resets all the flip flop stages in decade counter. This means the pulse after count 9 will again start the count from count 0.
- 10. Ring Counter The ring counter is a cascaded connection of flip flops, in which the output of last flip flop is connected to input of first flip flop. In ring counter if the output of any stage is 1, then its reminder is 0. Initially, all the flip flops in ring counter are reset to 0 by applying CLEAR signal. The Ring counters transfers the same output throughout the circuit. Ring counters are used to count the data in a continuous loop.
- 12. Johnson Counter The Johnson counter is a modification of ring counter. In this the inverted output of the last stage flip flop is connected to the input of first flip flop. If we use n flip flops to design the Johnson counter, it is known as 2n bit Johnson counter or Mod 2n Johnson counter