Digital Electronics - Counters
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This document discusses counters in digital electronics. It begins by introducing counters as sequential circuits that increment their output value by one each clock cycle, wrapping back to 0 after their maximum count. There are two main types of counters: asynchronous and synchronous. Asynchronous counters have their flip-flops clocked one after another by the previous flip-flop's output, causing a ripple effect. Synchronous counters clock all flip-flops simultaneously using a common clock signal. Examples of 4-bit asynchronous and synchronous counters are also provided with their respective timing diagrams.
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1. Counters are sequential circuits that cycle through a sequence of states upon receiving a clock pulse or other input signal. They are used for applications like counting events, generating timing sequences, and addressing memory.
2. There are two main types of counters: asynchronous/ripple counters where each flip-flop is triggered by the previous one, and synchronous counters where all flip-flops are triggered simultaneously by a clock. Asynchronous counters are simpler but slower while synchronous counters are faster but more complex.
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Registers are memory elements that store binary words. Counters are registers that count clock pulses. There are different types of registers like buffer registers, shift registers, and controlled shift registers. Ripple counters count clock pulses using JK flip flops but have propagation delays. Synchronous counters clock all flip flops simultaneously, eliminating propagation delays. Ring counters sequentially activate devices by having only one high bit in the stored word.Recently uploaded (20)
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Digital Electronics - Counters
- 1. BASICS OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT PRESENTATION COUNTERS ¨C DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
- 2. Content ? INTRODUCTION ? BENEFITS OF COUNTERS ? TYPES OF COUNTERS ? ASYNCHRONOUS COUNTERS ? BINARY RIPPLE COUNTER
- 3. Introduction ? Counters are a specific type of sequential circuit. ? Like registers, the state, or the flip-flop values themselves, serves as the ¡°output.¡± ? The output value increases by one on each clock cycle. ? After the largest value, the output ¡°wraps around¡± back to 0. 00 01 1011 1 11 1
- 4. Benefits of counters ? Counters can act as simple clocks to keep track of ¡°time.¡± ? You may need to record how many times something has happened. ? How many bits have been sent or received? ? How many steps have been performed in some computation? ? All processors contain a program counter, or PC. ? The PC increments once on each clock cycle, and the next program instruction is then executed.
- 6. Asynchronous Counters ? The flip-flops do not change states at exactly the same time as they do not have a common clock pulse. ? Output of one flip-flop is connected to the clock input of the next more-significant flip-flop. ? Its simple and requires less hardware. ? Has speed limitation. K J K J HIGH Q0 Q1 Q0 FF1FF0 CLK CC Timing diagram 00 ? 01 ? 10 ? 11 ? 00 ...
- 7. Binary ripple counter ? The counter is called ripple counter because the output of one flip-flop feed to the clock input of another ? The flip flops respond to negative going clock edge. ? Each flip flop divides the incoming clock pulse frequency by a factor of 2. ? ? Cumulative delay is a drawback.
- 9. Synchronous Counter ? Synchronous Counters are so called because the clock input of all the individual flip-flops within the counter are all clocked together at the same time by the same clock signal. ? The clock signal is directly applied to all Flip flops in a parallel sequence.
- 11. Thank you all !!!