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颁谤辫诲无差别待遇的环境
- 1. 1 沒有差別待遇的無障礙環境 邱大昕 2014/7/18 一、CRPD 1. Disability 2. Discrimination 3. Reasonable accommodation 二、Accessibility 1. Physical 2. Communication 3. Social 一、CRPD ? 1993年 Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities ? 2001年 International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (簡稱 ICF) ? 2005年 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (簡稱CRPD) CRPD三個重要概念 1. Disability 2. Discrimination 3. Reasonable accommodation 1. Disability ? The Convention does not explicitly define disability
- 2. 2 ? Preamble of Convention： –‘Disability is an evolving concept, and that disability results from the interaction between persons with impairments and attitudinal and environmental barriers that hinders full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.’ ? Article 1 of the Convention： –‘Persons with disabilities include those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others’. Training Guide: ? the modern concept of disability perceives disability as an interaction between an individual’s personal condition (such as being in a wheelchair or having a visual impairment) and environmental factors (such as negative attitudes or inaccessible buildings) which together lead to disability and affect an individual’s participation in society. ? Personal factors are multilayered and can be both physical and socioeconomic. – Physical factors: gender, ethnicity, impairment (physical, visual, hearing, intellectual, mental), size and weight, and so on – Socioeconomic factors: wealth, class, inclusion in society, education level and so on. ? Personal factors can interact to exacerbate disability or alleviate it. Personal factors Environmental factors ? Accessibility ? Legal/policy ? Socioeconomic ? Services ? Environmental factors can also combine to exacerbate or alleviate disability. 2. Discrimination ? Includes direct and indirect discrimination ? reasonable accommodation must be made for persons with disabilities
- 3. 3 3. Reasonable accommodation ? ‘necessary and appropriate modification and adjustments not imposing a disproportionate or undue burden, where needed in a particular case, to ensure to persons with disabilities the enjoyment or exercise on an equal basis with others of all human rights and fundamental freedoms’ ? 在ADA中RA包括： ? 1. Modification of application methods so as to make sure disabled workers have an equal opportunity to engage in the competitive job market. ? 2. Modification of the physical requirements of the position so disabled individuals can perform the functions of the job. ? 3. Provide equal access to workers with disabilities in terms of benefits and privileges of employment. 合理便利 ? 「合理便利」是指在根據具體情況，在不造成過 度負擔的情況下，按需要進行必要的適當修改和 調整，以確保身心障礙者在與其他人平等的基礎 上享有或行使所有人權和基本自由。 1. 第二條 定義 「基於身心障礙的歧視」 2. 第五條 平等和不歧視：為促進平等和消除歧 視，締約各國應當承諾採取一切適當步驟，確 保提供合理便利。 3. 第十四條 自由和人身安全：應享有符合本公約 宗旨和原則的待遇，包括提供合理便利的待 遇。 4. 第二十四條 教育：提供合理便利以滿足有關個 人的需要。 5. 第二十七條 工作和就業：確保在工作場所為身 心障礙者提供合理便利。 World Report on Disability 2011
- 4. 4 二、Accessibility 一、為使身心障礙者有能力獨立生活和充分參與生活的各 個方面，締約各國應當採取適當措施，確保身心障礙者 在與其他人平等的基礎上，無障礙地進出物質環境，使 用交通工具，利用資訊和通信，包括資訊和通信技術和 系統，以及享用在城市和農村地區向大眾開放或提供的 其他設施和服務。這些措施應當包括查明和消除實現無 障礙面臨的阻礙和障礙，並除了特殊事件外，應當適用 於： （一）建築、道路、交通和其他室內外設施，包括學校、 住房、醫療設施和工作場所。 （二）資訊、通信和其他服務，包括電子服務和緊急服 務。 二、締約各國還應當採取適當措施，以便： （一）制定和公佈無障礙使用向大眾開放或提供的設施和 服務的最低標準和通則，並監測其實施情況。 （二）確保向大眾開放或提供設施和服務的私人單位，從 所有方面考慮為身心障礙者創造無障礙環境。 （三）就身心障礙者面臨的無障礙問題向各有關方面提供 培訓。 （四）在向大眾開放的建築和設施提供盲文標誌以及易讀 和易懂的標誌。 （五）提供其他形式的現場協助和工具，包括提供嚮導、 朗讀員和專業手語翻譯，以便於身心障礙者在公共開放 的建築和設施中使用。 （六）促進向身心障礙者提供其他適當形式的協助和支 助，以確保身心障礙者獲得資訊。 （七）讓身心障礙者有機會使用新的資訊和通信技術和系 統，包括網際網路。 （八）促進在早期設計、發展、生產和推行無障礙的資訊 和通信技術和系統，以便能以最低成本使用這些技術和 系統。 無障礙 (Accessibility) –Physical ? 通用設計 –Communication ? ICT的特殊性 –Social ? 英國 Disability Discrimination Act 1. Physical Accessibility
- 9. 9 省力設計 省力設計 省力設計 省力設計 省力設計 合适的尺寸与位置
- 10. 10 合适的尺寸与位置 2. Communication Accessibility ICT ? Access to ICT is hierarchical rather than dichotomous concept. ? A complex mixture of social, psychological, economic and pragmatic factors. 3. Social Accessibility ? making adjustments to premises ? allocating some of the disabled person’s duties to another person ? transferring him or her to fill an existing vacancy ? altering his or her hours of working or training; ? assigning him or her to a different place of work or training ? allowing him or her to be absent during working or training ? hours for rehabilitation, assessment or treatment; ? giving, or arranging for, training or mentoring (whether for the disabled person or any other person); ? acquiring or modifying equipment; ? modifying instructions or reference manuals; ? modifying procedures for testing or assessment; ? providing a reader or interpreter; ? providing supervision or other support.
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