6. ? 1940-1950 相關的障礙者權利運動
? 退伍軍人的津貼
? 家長團體
? 教育公民權的倡議 / 小兒麻痺、心智障礙者
? 專業人員
? 精神障礙者、心智障礙者的去機構化運動
? The National Mental Health Foundation was one of the first groups
? 倡議團體
? The National Federation of the Blind,
? The National Federation of the Physically Handicapped and the National Mental Health
Foundation.
9. ? 黑人民權運動的影響
? Black people fought for the right to ride in the front of the bus. We're
fighting for the right to get on the bus
? ( From Good Will to Civil Rights Scotch. Richard 1984, 2001)
11. ? （三）一九七三年通過「復建法」 (Rehabilitation Act) 第五０
一條至第五０四條，可說是史上首次將對於障礙者的排斥與隔
離視為 視。復健法是美國轉以「權利」為基礎的障礙政策的歧
開始。法案另一個意涵是，將障礙者視為一個享有共同受 視歧
經驗的特定少數族群（ Minority group ），障礙不再是屬於個
人或各障別的單一問題。
? （四）一九七五年通過「全體障礙兒童教育法」 (Education
for All Handicapped Children Act) ，法案立意從障礙者原先
需要受照顧的角色定為轉為積極保護障礙者教育方面的平等權
利。
12. ? 殘障福利運動的連結
? 1974 「障礙者就業總統委員會」（ President‘ Committee on the
Employment of Handicapped ）提供了一個全國性殘障社群形成與發
展的機會。
? 利用這次的集會，約有一五０名殘障團體的代表以「 視」為題，在飯店大歧
廳另外舉行了一項非正式的會議，進而催化「美國殘障公民聯盟」
(American Coalition of Citizens with Disabilities) 在一九七五年成立
13. 復健法案的影響
?1977 年、卡特政府上台
?因為 Section 504 將造成財政負擔，預計修改
?促成有史以來最大的身心障礙者團體結盟與抗爭
?華盛頓 D.C 佔領 Health, Education and Welfare 主席
辦公室 28 小時
?舊金山，佔領 H.E.W. Office 25 天
? 障礙者文化
? I used to know what I would wish for. I wanted to be beautiful. I
wanted to stop being a cripple. But now I am beautiful. We all felt
beautiful. We all felt powerful. It didn’t matter if you were mentally
retarded, blind or deaf. Everybody who came out felt, We are
beautiful, we are powerful, we are strong, we are important.
14. 障礙文化與跨組織結盟 1980s~1990s
? 障礙文化的影響
? 悲憐上帝的女兒 Child of a Lesser God
? 1988 聾人治聾人學校
? First deaf civil rights activities
? 抗爭手段、噪音與手語
? 聾不是一種障礙，是一種文化
? From “deaf” to “Deaf”
? 語言爭議
? American Sign Language (ASL) as a language
24. 第三十條
參與文化生活、娛樂、休閒和體育活動
Article 30 - Participation in cultural life, recreation, leisure and sport
1. States Parties recognize the right of persons with disabilities to take part on an equal basis with others in
cultural life, and shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that persons with disabilities:
a) Enjoy access to cultural materials in accessible formats;
b) Enjoy access to television programmes, films, theatre and other cultural activities, in accessible formats;
c) Enjoy access to places for cultural performances or services, such as theatres, museums, cinemas, libraries
and tourism services, and, as far as possible, enjoy access to monuments and sites of national cultural
importance.
2. States Parties shall take appropriate measures to enable persons with disabilities to have the opportunity to
develop and utilize their creative, artistic and intellectual potential, not only for their own benefit, but also for the
enrichment of society.
3. States Parties shall take all appropriate steps, in accordance with international law, to ensure that laws
protecting intellectual property rights do not constitute an unreasonable or discriminatory barrier to access by
persons with disabilities to cultural materials.
4. Persons with disabilities shall be entitled, on an equal basis with others, to recognition and support of their
specific cultural and linguistic identity, including sign languages and deaf culture.
5. With a view to enabling persons with disabilities to participate on an equal basis with others in recreational,
leisure and sporting activities, States Parties shall take appropriate measures:
a) To encourage and promote the participation, to the fullest extent possible, of persons with disabilities in
mainstream sporting activities at all levels;
b) To ensure that persons with disabilities have an opportunity to organize, develop and participate in disability-
specific sporting and recreational activities and, to this end, encourage the provision, on an equal basis with
others, of appropriate instruction, training and resources;
c) To ensure that persons with disabilities have access to sporting, recreational and tourism venues;
d) To ensure that children with disabilities have equal access with other children to participation in play, recreation
and leisure and sporting activities, including those activities in the school system;
