Introduction to Erlang
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An introduction to Erlang, with an angle for Rubyists. Talk given at Christchurch Ruby in New Zealand on 20 June, 2013. Title page: Lavanderia (Sturdy) Body: Avenir (Black) Code: Monaco (Regular) Feel free to use the slides for anything you need. Please contact me if you would like the original Keynote files.
![17.
FirstName.
"hello".
[104,101,108,108,111].
anAtom.
{joe, 1.95}.
integer
variable
string
list
atom
tuple
Thursday, 27 June 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/erlang-130627042927-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Erlang-15-320.jpg)
![[Head|Tail] = [a,b,c,d].
Head.
Tail.
a
[b,c,d]
Thursday, 27 June 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/erlang-130627042927-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Erlang-59-320.jpg)
![[H|T] = "odd".
H.
T.
"o"
["d","d"]
Thursday, 27 June 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/erlang-130627042927-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Erlang-60-320.jpg)
![N = 12.
List = [43, 10, 11, 8, 50].
Smaller = [X || X <- List, X < N].
Bigger = [X || X <- List, X > N].
Thursday, 27 June 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/erlang-130627042927-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Erlang-61-320.jpg)
![QUIZ!
HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH?
PATTERN TERM RESULT
[H|T] [a, b, c, d]
H is a
T is [b,c,d]
[{name,Who}|T]
[{name,joe},
{name,mike}]
Name is joe,
Y is {name,mike}
[H|T] [a]
H is a
T is []
[H|T] [] FAILS
Thursday, 27 June 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/erlang-130627042927-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Erlang-62-320.jpg)
![QUIZ!
HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH?
PATTERN TERM RESULT
[H|T] [a, b, c, d]
H is a
T is [b,c,d]
[{name,Who}|T]
[{name,joe},
{name,mike}]
Name is joe,
Y is {name,mike}
[H|T] [a]
H is a
T is []
[H|T] [] FAILS
Thursday, 27 June 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/erlang-130627042927-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Erlang-63-320.jpg)
![QUIZ!
HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH?
PATTERN TERM RESULT
[H|T] [a, b, c, d]
H is a
T is [b,c,d]
[{name,Who}|T]
[{name,joe},
{name,mike}]
Name is joe,
Y is {name,mike}
[H|T] [a]
H is a
T is []
[H|T] [] FAILS
Thursday, 27 June 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/erlang-130627042927-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Erlang-64-320.jpg)
![QUIZ!
HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH?
PATTERN TERM RESULT
[H|T] [a, b, c, d]
H is a
T is [b,c,d]
[{name,Who}|T]
[{name,joe},
{name,mike}]
Name is joe,
Y is {name,mike}
[H|T] [a]
H is a
T is []
[H|T] [] FAILS
Thursday, 27 June 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/erlang-130627042927-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Erlang-65-320.jpg)
![QUIZ!
HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH?
PATTERN TERM RESULT
[H|T] [a, b, c, d]
H is a
T is [b,c,d]
[{name,Who}|T]
[{name,joe},
{name,mike}]
Name is joe,
Y is {name,mike}
[H|T] [a]
H is a
T is []
[H|T] [] FAILS
Thursday, 27 June 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/erlang-130627042927-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Erlang-66-320.jpg)
![QUIZ!
HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH?
PATTERN TERM RESULT
[H|T] [a, b, c, d]
H is a
T is [b,c,d]
[{name,Who}|T]
[{name,joe},
{name,mike}]
Name is joe,
Y is {name,mike}
[H|T] [a]
H is a
T is []
[H|T] [] FAILS
Thursday, 27 June 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/erlang-130627042927-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Erlang-67-320.jpg)
![QUIZ!
HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH?
PATTERN TERM RESULT
[H|T] [a, b, c, d]
H is a
T is [b,c,d]
[{name,Who}|T]
[{name,joe},
{name,mike}]
Name is joe,
Y is {name,mike}
[H|T] [a]
H is a
T is []
[H|T] [] FAILS
Thursday, 27 June 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/erlang-130627042927-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Erlang-68-320.jpg)
![QUIZ!
HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH?
PATTERN TERM RESULT
[H|T] [a, b, c, d]
H is a
T is [b,c,d]
[{name,Who}|T]
[{name,joe},
{name,mike}]
Name is joe,
Y is {name,mike}
[H|T] [a]
H is a
T is []
[H|T] [] FAILS
Thursday, 27 June 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/erlang-130627042927-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Erlang-69-320.jpg)
![QUIZ!
HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH?
PATTERN TERM RESULT
[H|T] [a, b, c, d]
H is a
T is [b,c,d]
[{name,Who}|T]
[{name,joe},
{name,mike}]
Name is joe,
Y is {name,mike}
[H|T] [a]
H is a
T is []
[H|T] [] FAILS
Thursday, 27 June 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/erlang-130627042927-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Erlang-70-320.jpg)
![QUIZ!
HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH?
PATTERN TERM RESULT
[H|T] [a, b, c, d]
H is a
T is [b,c,d]
[{name,Who}|T]
[{name,joe},
{name,mike}]
Name is joe,
Y is {name,mike}
[H|T] [a]
H is a
T is []
[H|T] [] FAILS
Thursday, 27 June 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/erlang-130627042927-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Erlang-71-320.jpg)
![QUIZ!
HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH?
PATTERN TERM RESULT
[H|T] [a, b, c, d]
H is a
T is [b,c,d]
[{name,Who}|T]
[{name,joe},
{name,mike}]
Name is joe,
Y is {name,mike}
[H|T] [a]
H is a
T is []
[H|T] [] FAILS
Thursday, 27 June 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/erlang-130627042927-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Erlang-72-320.jpg)
![QUIZ!
HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH?
PATTERN TERM RESULT
[H|T] [a, b, c, d]
H is a
T is [b,c,d]
[{name,Who}|T]
[{name,joe},
{name,mike}]
Name is joe,
Y is {name,mike}
[H|T] [a]
H is a
T is []
[H|T] [] FAILS
Thursday, 27 June 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/erlang-130627042927-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Erlang-73-320.jpg)
![QUIZ!
HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH?
PATTERN TERM RESULT
[H|T] [a, b, c, d]
H is a
T is [b,c,d]
[{name,Who}|T]
[{name,joe},
{name,mike}]
Name is joe,
Y is {name,mike}
[H|T] [a]
H is a
T is []
[H|T] [] FAILS
Thursday, 27 June 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/erlang-130627042927-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Erlang-74-320.jpg)
![ShoppingList = [
{oranges, 3},
{apples, 5},
{pears, 2},
{milk, 1}
].
total(ShoppingList).
Thursday, 27 June 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/erlang-130627042927-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Erlang-77-320.jpg)
![[{oranges, 3},{apples, 5},¡]
total([{Item, N}|T]) ->
cost(Item) * N + total(T);
total([]) -> [].
Thursday, 27 June 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/erlang-130627042927-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Erlang-78-320.jpg)
![cheaperThan(Item, List) ->
[X || X <- List, cost(X) < cost(Item)].
Thursday, 27 June 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/erlang-130627042927-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Erlang-79-320.jpg)
![qsort([]) -> [];
qsort([Pivot|T) ->
qsort([ X || X <- T, X < Pivot ])
++ [Pivot] ++
qsort([ X || X <- T, X >= Pivot ]).
Thursday, 27 June 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/erlang-130627042927-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Erlang-80-320.jpg)
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Introduction to Erlang
- 2. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 3. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 4. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 5. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 6. ? PUNS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 7. WHY? Thursday, 27 June 13
- 10. ROBUSTNESS AXD301 ¨C?99.9999999% Thursday, 27 June 13
- 11. FUN! Thursday, 27 June 13
- 12. WHAT¡¯S IT USED FOR? Thursday, 27 June 13
- 13. Ericsson/T-Mobile/Motorola mobile networks Amazon¡¯s SimpleDB Facebook¡¯s Chat Delicious Heroku¡¯s Routing Mesh Riak (distributed database) RabbitMQ (AMPQ messaging server) CouchDB (document-oriented database) MochiWeb (HTTP server) Ejabberd (XMPP IM server) Thursday, 27 June 13
- 14. A BRIEF INTRO¡ Thursday, 27 June 13
- 16. QUIZ! X = 19. Y = 11. X = X + Y. ? WHAT DOES THIS CODE DO? (Hint: the ¡°.¡± is equivalent to ¡°;¡± in other languages.) Thursday, 27 June 13
- 17. QUIZ! X = 19. Y = 11. X = X + Y. ** exception error: no match of right hand side value 30 WHAT DOES THIS CODE DO? Thursday, 27 June 13
- 18. VARIABLES CAN¡¯T VARY Thursday, 27 June 13
- 19. = ISN¡¯T = Thursday, 27 June 13
- 21. X = 5+7. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 22. X = 5+7. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 23. X = 12. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 24. X = 12. ¡°Hmm¡ X is unbound¡¡± Thursday, 27 June 13
- 25. X = 12. ¡°What can I do to make this statement true?¡± Thursday, 27 June 13
- 26. X Thursday, 27 June 13
- 27. 12 Thursday, 27 June 13
- 28. 12 = 5+7. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 29. 12 = 5+7. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 30. 12 = 12. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 31. 12 = 12. ¡°Yes! It matches!¡± Thursday, 27 June 13
- 32. TUPLES THE BUSINESS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 33. Point = {12, 45}. {X,Y} = {12, 45}. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 34. Person = {person, {name, joe}, {height, 1.82}, {eyecolour, brown}}. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 35. {person, {name, Who}, {height, _}, {eyecolour, _}} = Person. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 36. {person, {name, Who}, _, _} = Person. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 37. {_, {_, Who}, _, _} = Person. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 38. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT X ok X is ok {X,Y,abc} {12,ok,abc} X is 12, Y is ok {X,Y} {33,44,"word"} FAILS {X,Y,X} {{abc,12},42,{abc, 12}} X is {abc,12}, Y is 42 {X,Y,X} {nifty,42,true} FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 39. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT X ok X is ok {X,Y,abc} {12,ok,abc} X is 12, Y is ok {X,Y} {33,44,"word"} FAILS {X,Y,X} {{abc,12},42,{abc, 12}} X is {abc,12}, Y is 42 {X,Y,X} {nifty,42,true} FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 40. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT X ok X is ok {X,Y,abc} {12,ok,abc} X is 12, Y is ok {X,Y} {33,44,"word"} FAILS {X,Y,X} {{abc,12},42,{abc, 12}} X is {abc,12}, Y is 42 {X,Y,X} {nifty,42,true} FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 41. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT X ok X is ok {X,Y,abc} {12,ok,abc} X is 12, Y is ok {X,Y} {33,44,"word"} FAILS {X,Y,X} {{abc,12},42,{abc, 12}} X is {abc,12}, Y is 42 {X,Y,X} {nifty,42,true} FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 42. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT X ok X is ok {X,Y,abc} {12,ok,abc} X is 12, Y is ok {X,Y} {33,44,"word"} FAILS {X,Y,X} {{abc,12},42,{abc, 12}} X is {abc,12}, Y is 42 {X,Y,X} {nifty,42,true} FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 43. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT X ok X is ok {X,Y,abc} {12,ok,abc} X is 12, Y is ok {X,Y} {33,44,"word"} FAILS {X,Y,X} {{abc,12},42,{abc, 12}} X is {abc,12}, Y is 42 {X,Y,X} {nifty,42,true} FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 44. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT X ok X is ok {X,Y,abc} {12,ok,abc} X is 12, Y is ok {X,Y} {33,44,"word"} FAILS {X,Y,X} {{abc,12},42,{abc, 12}} X is {abc,12}, Y is 42 {X,Y,X} {nifty,42,true} FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 45. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT X ok X is ok {X,Y,abc} {12,ok,abc} X is 12, Y is ok {X,Y} {33,44,"word"} FAILS {X,Y,X} {{abc,12},42,{abc, 12}} X is {abc,12}, Y is 42 {X,Y,X} {nifty,42,true} FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 46. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT X ok X is ok {X,Y,abc} {12,ok,abc} X is 12, Y is ok {X,Y} {33,44,"word"} FAILS {X,Y,X} {{abc,12},42,{abc, 12}} X is {abc,12}, Y is 42 {X,Y,X} {nifty,42,true} FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 47. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT X ok X is ok {X,Y,abc} {12,ok,abc} X is 12, Y is ok {X,Y} {33,44,"word"} FAILS {X,Y,X} {{abc,12},42,{abc, 12}} X is {abc,12}, Y is 42 {X,Y,X} {nifty,42,true} FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 48. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT X ok X is ok {X,Y,abc} {12,ok,abc} X is 12, Y is ok {X,Y} {33,44,"word"} FAILS {X,Y,X} {{abc,12},42,{abc, 12}} X is {abc,12}, Y is 42 {X,Y,X} {nifty,42,true} FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 49. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT X ok X is ok {X,Y,abc} {12,ok,abc} X is 12, Y is ok {X,Y} {33,44,"word"} FAILS {X,Y,X} {{abc,12},42,{abc, 12}} X is {abc,12}, Y is 42 {X,Y,X} {nifty,42,true} FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 50. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT X ok X is ok {X,Y,abc} {12,ok,abc} X is 12, Y is ok {X,Y} {33,44,"word"} FAILS {X,Y,X} {{abc,12},42,{abc, 12}} X is {abc,12}, Y is 42 {X,Y,X} {nifty,42,true} FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 51. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT X ok X is ok {X,Y,abc} {12,ok,abc} X is 12, Y is ok {X,Y} {33,44,"word"} FAILS {X,Y,X} {{abc,12},42,{abc, 12}} X is {abc,12}, Y is 42 {X,Y,X} {nifty,42,true} FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 52. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT X ok X is ok {X,Y,abc} {12,ok,abc} X is 12, Y is ok {X,Y} {33,44,"word"} FAILS {X,Y,X} {{abc,12},42,{abc, 12}} X is {abc,12}, Y is 42 {X,Y,X} {nifty,42,true} FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 53. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT X ok X is ok {X,Y,abc} {12,ok,abc} X is 12, Y is ok {X,Y} {33,44,"word"} FAILS {X,Y,X} {{abc,12},42,{abc, 12}} X is {abc,12}, Y is 42 {X,Y,X} {nifty,42,true} FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 54. CLAUSES Thursday, 27 June 13
- 55. area(rectangle, W, H) -> W * H. area(rectangle, 10, 20). 200 Thursday, 27 June 13
- 56. area(rectangle, W, H) -> W * H; area(circle, R) -> R * 3.14. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 57. area(rectangle, 10, 30). area(rectangle, W, H) -> W * H. area(circle, R) -> R * 3.14. ¡°I recognize that!¡± Thursday, 27 June 13
- 58. LISTS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 59. [Head|Tail] = [a,b,c,d]. Head. Tail. a [b,c,d] Thursday, 27 June 13
- 60. [H|T] = "odd". H. T. "o" ["d","d"] Thursday, 27 June 13
- 61. N = 12. List = [43, 10, 11, 8, 50]. Smaller = [X || X <- List, X < N]. Bigger = [X || X <- List, X > N]. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 62. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT [H|T] [a, b, c, d] H is a T is [b,c,d] [{name,Who}|T] [{name,joe}, {name,mike}] Name is joe, Y is {name,mike} [H|T] [a] H is a T is [] [H|T] [] FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 63. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT [H|T] [a, b, c, d] H is a T is [b,c,d] [{name,Who}|T] [{name,joe}, {name,mike}] Name is joe, Y is {name,mike} [H|T] [a] H is a T is [] [H|T] [] FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 64. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT [H|T] [a, b, c, d] H is a T is [b,c,d] [{name,Who}|T] [{name,joe}, {name,mike}] Name is joe, Y is {name,mike} [H|T] [a] H is a T is [] [H|T] [] FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 65. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT [H|T] [a, b, c, d] H is a T is [b,c,d] [{name,Who}|T] [{name,joe}, {name,mike}] Name is joe, Y is {name,mike} [H|T] [a] H is a T is [] [H|T] [] FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 66. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT [H|T] [a, b, c, d] H is a T is [b,c,d] [{name,Who}|T] [{name,joe}, {name,mike}] Name is joe, Y is {name,mike} [H|T] [a] H is a T is [] [H|T] [] FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 67. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT [H|T] [a, b, c, d] H is a T is [b,c,d] [{name,Who}|T] [{name,joe}, {name,mike}] Name is joe, Y is {name,mike} [H|T] [a] H is a T is [] [H|T] [] FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 68. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT [H|T] [a, b, c, d] H is a T is [b,c,d] [{name,Who}|T] [{name,joe}, {name,mike}] Name is joe, Y is {name,mike} [H|T] [a] H is a T is [] [H|T] [] FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 69. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT [H|T] [a, b, c, d] H is a T is [b,c,d] [{name,Who}|T] [{name,joe}, {name,mike}] Name is joe, Y is {name,mike} [H|T] [a] H is a T is [] [H|T] [] FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 70. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT [H|T] [a, b, c, d] H is a T is [b,c,d] [{name,Who}|T] [{name,joe}, {name,mike}] Name is joe, Y is {name,mike} [H|T] [a] H is a T is [] [H|T] [] FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 71. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT [H|T] [a, b, c, d] H is a T is [b,c,d] [{name,Who}|T] [{name,joe}, {name,mike}] Name is joe, Y is {name,mike} [H|T] [a] H is a T is [] [H|T] [] FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 72. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT [H|T] [a, b, c, d] H is a T is [b,c,d] [{name,Who}|T] [{name,joe}, {name,mike}] Name is joe, Y is {name,mike} [H|T] [a] H is a T is [] [H|T] [] FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 73. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT [H|T] [a, b, c, d] H is a T is [b,c,d] [{name,Who}|T] [{name,joe}, {name,mike}] Name is joe, Y is {name,mike} [H|T] [a] H is a T is [] [H|T] [] FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 74. QUIZ! HOW DO THESE PATTERNS MATCH? PATTERN TERM RESULT [H|T] [a, b, c, d] H is a T is [b,c,d] [{name,Who}|T] [{name,joe}, {name,mike}] Name is joe, Y is {name,mike} [H|T] [a] H is a T is [] [H|T] [] FAILS Thursday, 27 June 13
- 76. cost(oranges) -> 5; cost(apples) -> 2; cost(pears) -> 9; cost(milk) -> 7. cost(milk). 7 Thursday, 27 June 13
- 77. ShoppingList = [ {oranges, 3}, {apples, 5}, {pears, 2}, {milk, 1} ]. total(ShoppingList). Thursday, 27 June 13
- 78. [{oranges, 3},{apples, 5},¡] total([{Item, N}|T]) -> cost(Item) * N + total(T); total([]) -> []. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 79. cheaperThan(Item, List) -> [X || X <- List, cost(X) < cost(Item)]. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 80. qsort([]) -> []; qsort([Pivot|T) -> qsort([ X || X <- T, X < Pivot ]) ++ [Pivot] ++ qsort([ X || X <- T, X >= Pivot ]). Thursday, 27 June 13
- 82. THE REAL WORLD IS PARALLEL Thursday, 27 June 13
- 83. PEOPLE ARE INDEPENDENT ENTITIES¡ Thursday, 27 June 13
- 84. WHO COMMUNICATE BY SENDING MESSAGES Thursday, 27 June 13
- 85. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 86. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 87. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 88. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 89. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 91. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 92. Thursday, 27 June 13
- 93. Thursday, 27 June 13