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Grande Depressione
LA GRANDE DEPRESSIONE
Crescita
Wilson, dopo la guerra, era a favore
di un' alleanza internazionale (Lega
            delle Nazioni)
Dopo di lui, per嘆, quest' idea cambi嘆
gradualmente ad opera di presidenti
     del partito repubblicano
Warren Harding
Calvin Coolidge
Herbert Hoover
Grande Depressione
James Monroe
Immigration Act (1924)
2% dei cittadini della stessa
nazionalit residenti nel 1890
C'era abbondanza di credito grazie
  ai prestiti concessi all' Europa
Molte piccole aziende chiusero,
 favorendo l'espansione delle
     imprese pi湛 potenti
La produzione agricola cresce
 fino a superare la domanda
Ottimismo
Grande Depressione
We in America tod  ay are nearer to the
 final triumph ove r poverty than ever
    before in the history of any land
C'era grande fiducia in un
progresso che portava ricchezza
Al benessere contribuirono le
grandi invenzioni del periodo
Grande Depressione
Grande Depressione
Grande Depressione
Grande Depressione
Nasce il consumismo moderno
Grande Depressione
Tra 1927 e 1928 si assiste a una
 crescita costante delle azioni
Il valore delle azioni di aziende
    come la RCA si moltiplica
Gli investitori ne approfittano per
 chiedere prestiti da reinvestire
Le banche li concedono investendo
     a loro volta nelle azioni
Banchieri come Charles Mitchell
diventano milionari in questo modo
La febbre del mercato azionario
coinvolge anche piccoli risparmiatori
L'indice Dow Jones cresce
come mai si era visto prima
Grande Depressione
Crollo
Il prezzo delle azioni non ha pi湛
legame con l'attivit industriale,
   rendendo il mercato instabile
La mole dei debiti accumulati inizia
  a far percepire un' insicurezza,
 soprattutto nei piccoli investitori
Le considerazioni pessimistiche di
 economisti come Roger Babson
 accrebbero il timore di un crollo
Grande Depressione
Gioved狸 24 ottobre furono venduti
 milioni di azioni al ribasso prima
che i banchieri fermassero il panico
Marted狸 29 ottobre gli scambi
ammontarono a 16 milioni di azioni
Le perdite per chi aveva contratto
   debiti furono gravosissime
Grande Depressione
Nel decennio successivo fallirono
       pi湛 di 5000 banche
La stessa sorte colp狸 le industrie
 che avevano investito in borsa
Si costituirono vaste baraccopoli di
 senzatetto chiamate Hoovervilles
     in onore del presidente
Per un vasto territorio gli anni 30
furono conosciuti come Dust Bowl
Il nome 竪 dovuto alle tempeste di
sabbia che investirono le grandi pianure
Fu causato dall erosione dovuta
alle coltivazioni intense unita alla
         siccit del periodo
I coloni di quelle zone usavano
ancora metodi arretrati e speravano
   che il clima sarebbe cambiato
Rinascita
Nel 1932 la presidenza pass嘆 al
democratico Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Roosevelt abbandon嘆 il liberismo
classico per abbracciare le teorie
          di John Keynes
Keynes riteneva necessario che lo
stato aiutasse a garantire l'occupazione
Roosevelt cambi嘆 totalmente il
modo di approcciarsi alla crisi
Chiuse le banche per alcuni giorni
  e forn狸 liquidi grazie ai fondi a
disposizione della Federal Reserve
Gli interventi federali in campo
 economico furono numerosi:
Gli interventi federali in campo
   economico furono numerosi:




Riduzione dei privilegi per i veterani
  Tasse sui profitti non reinvestiti
Sussidi per l'acquisto di abitazioni
    Abolizione del gold standard
L' Agricultural Adjustment Act
pagava i proprietari terrieri per
lasciare zone incolte nei campi
Misure simili furono riservate al
   bestiame. L'obiettivo era la
ricrescita dei prezzi dei prodotti
Decise inoltre di istituire la
un'idea assolutamente innovativa
L'obiettivo era la riqualificazione
completa della valle del Tennessee
Il piano cre嘆 molti posti di lavoro
anche per operai non specializzati
Furono costruite infrastrutture
come dighe e centrali idroelettriche
Grande Depressione
L'istituzione punt嘆 a migliorare
anche le tecniche agricole nella zona
Il NIRA fu il piano volto a stimolare
       la ripresa industriale
La NRA port嘆 ad un autogoverno
della produzione, favorendo accordi
     tra le industrie e gli operai
Il Wagner Act mir嘆 a tutelare le
rivendicazioni sindacali degli operai
PWA e WPA organizzarono
programmi di lavori pubblici
In Europa crollarono gli
investimenti e le esportazioni
I disordini e gli effetti negativi durarono
       fino alle porte della guerra
GRAZIE A :

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Grande Depressione