Lecture 9:- General Characters Of Fungi

Sep 17, 20220 likes44 views

This document provides information about fungi and mycosis. It discusses that fungi are eukaryotic, aerobic organisms that can be saprophytic, symbiotic, or parasitic. Fungi can be beneficial in producing foods or antibiotics. The document classifies fungi taxonomically into phyla, classes including yeasts, molds and dimorphic fungi. It also describes laboratory diagnosis of fungi through microscopy and culture. Finally, it discusses different types of fungal infections that can affect the skin, subcutaneous tissues, internal organs, or be opportunistic.

Microbiology
Lecture 9:- General Characters Of Fungi
Dr. Raghda Saad Mohammed

• Medical Mycology :- is the study of human diseases caused by fungi and
Mycosis is the term given to any disease caused by a fungus .
• General Characters Of Fungi
1. All fungi are eukaryotic
2. Obligate or facultative aerobic
3. Natural habitat soil, water and decaying organic debris
4. Chemotrophic organisms
5. Fungi are Heterotrophic “depend on other organism for food and are
different from plants which are “Autotrophic”.
Heterotrophic organisms are 3 kinds:
A) Saprophytic: the fungus is living on dead organic matter.
B) Symbiotic: the fungus is living together with other organism.
C) Parasitic: the fungus is living in an organism and it is harmful to it
e.g. Candida albican.
6. Beneficial fungi are important in the production of cheeses and
antibiotics e.g. Penicillin.
7. Most of Fungi are microscopic but some can be seen by naked eye.

Classification of fungi
A. Taxonomic classification
 Phylum Thallophyta
 Four classes of fungi
B. Morphological classification
 Yeasts
 Yeasts like fungi
 Moulds
 Dimorphic fungi

Yeasts
• Round to oval unicellular
• Reproduce by budding
• Creamy mucoid colonies
• E.g. Cryptococcus neoformans

Partly as yeasts and partly as elongated budding cells
Germ tube to demonstrate pseudohyphae
Yeasts like fungi

1. Grow as branching filaments – hyphae
2. Hyphae septate or nonseptate
3. Continue growth called as mycelium
4. E.g Dermatophytes, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Rhizophus
Moulds

• They exists as yeasts in host tissue and in cultures as
mycelial growth
• Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides, Coccidiodes
immitis, Histoplasma, Sporothrix
Dimorphic fungi

Laboratory Diagnosis
A. A. Direct microscopy
KOH preparation
Gram staining
India ink preparation
B. Culture
 SDA
C. �ݺ�ߣ culture test

Fungi diseases
Mycotic infections are classified by the tissue levels that are
colonized.
 Superficial infections are generally limited to the outer
layers of the skin and hair.
 Cutaneous infections are located deeper in the epidermis,
hair and nails. (e.g. dermatophytes cause ringworm )
 Subcutaneous infections involve the dermis,
subcutaneous tissues and muscle.(e.g. Sporotrichosis )
 Systemic, generally originating in the lungs and other
organs. (e.g. Coccidioomycosis & Histoplasmosis )
 Opportunistic, and these may involve a variety of body
sites. (e.g. Aspergillosis & Systemic Candidiasis &
Cryptococcosis )

Superficial mycoses
 Pityriasis versicolor – pigmented lesion on torso (trunk
of the human body).
 Tinea nigra – gray to black macular lesion on palms.
 Black piedra – dark gritty deposits on hair.
 White piedra – soft whitish granules along hair shaft.
All diagnosed by microscopy and easily treated by
topical preparation.

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Lecture 9:- General Characters Of Fungi

1. Microbiology Lecture 9:- General Characters Of Fungi Dr. Raghda Saad Mohammed

2. • Medical Mycology :- is the study of human diseases caused by fungi and Mycosis is the term given to any disease caused by a fungus . • General Characters Of Fungi 1. All fungi are eukaryotic 2. Obligate or facultative aerobic 3. Natural habitat soil, water and decaying organic debris 4. Chemotrophic organisms 5. Fungi are Heterotrophic “depend on other organism for food and are different from plants which are “Autotrophic”. Heterotrophic organisms are 3 kinds: A) Saprophytic: the fungus is living on dead organic matter. B) Symbiotic: the fungus is living together with other organism. C) Parasitic: the fungus is living in an organism and it is harmful to it e.g. Candida albican. 6. Beneficial fungi are important in the production of cheeses and antibiotics e.g. Penicillin. 7. Most of Fungi are microscopic but some can be seen by naked eye.

3. Differences from bacteria

4. Classification of fungi A. Taxonomic classification  Phylum Thallophyta  Four classes of fungi B. Morphological classification  Yeasts  Yeasts like fungi  Moulds  Dimorphic fungi

5. Thallophyta

6. Yeasts • Round to oval unicellular • Reproduce by budding • Creamy mucoid colonies • E.g. Cryptococcus neoformans

7. Partly as yeasts and partly as elongated budding cells Germ tube to demonstrate pseudohyphae Yeasts like fungi

8. 1. Grow as branching filaments – hyphae 2. Hyphae septate or nonseptate 3. Continue growth called as mycelium 4. E.g Dermatophytes, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Rhizophus Moulds

9. • They exists as yeasts in host tissue and in cultures as mycelial growth • Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides, Coccidiodes immitis, Histoplasma, Sporothrix Dimorphic fungi

11. Laboratory Diagnosis A. A. Direct microscopy KOH preparation Gram staining India ink preparation B. Culture  SDA C. �ݺ�ߣ culture test

12. Fungi diseases Mycotic infections are classified by the tissue levels that are colonized.  Superficial infections are generally limited to the outer layers of the skin and hair.  Cutaneous infections are located deeper in the epidermis, hair and nails. (e.g. dermatophytes cause ringworm )  Subcutaneous infections involve the dermis, subcutaneous tissues and muscle.(e.g. Sporotrichosis )  Systemic, generally originating in the lungs and other organs. (e.g. Coccidioomycosis & Histoplasmosis )  Opportunistic, and these may involve a variety of body sites. (e.g. Aspergillosis & Systemic Candidiasis & Cryptococcosis )

13. Superficial mycoses  Pityriasis versicolor – pigmented lesion on torso (trunk of the human body).  Tinea nigra – gray to black macular lesion on palms.  Black piedra – dark gritty deposits on hair.  White piedra – soft whitish granules along hair shaft. All diagnosed by microscopy and easily treated by topical preparation.

14. Pityriasis versicolor

15. Thanks for your attention

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Lecture 9:- General Characters Of Fungi

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