Gateway drugs are substances like caffeine, tobacco, and alcohol that can potentially lead to use of more dangerous drugs. Caffeine acts as a stimulant but can cause issues like headaches and sleep problems. Tobacco contains nicotine which is addictive and can lead to health issues including cancer and heart disease over long term use. Alcohol consumption causes both short term effects like loss of coordination but also long term health risks such as liver disease and cancer if abused regularly.