The document discusses various network topologies including star, ring, bus, tree, mesh, and hybrid topologies. A star topology features a central hub with devices connecting to the hub. A ring topology uses a closed loop where devices are connected in a continuous path. A bus topology uses a shared backbone that devices tap into to communicate. A tree topology combines star topologies onto a bus. A mesh topology allows messages to take multiple paths between devices.
This document discusses different types of computer network topologies. It describes bus, star, ring, tree, mesh, and hybrid topologies. For each topology, it provides details on the logical arrangement of nodes, advantages like ease of installation and disadvantages like single point of failure. A hybrid topology combines two or more standard topologies to achieve flexibility and reliability, though it is more expensive than a single topology.
A computer network connects two or more computers together to share resources and communicate. There are different types of networks depending on geographic size: local area networks (LANs) spanning a small area like a home or office, metropolitan area networks (MANs) spanning a city, and wide area networks (WANs) connecting across regions. The topology refers to how the computers are interconnected and common topologies include bus, star, ring, tree and mesh. Factors like cost, cable length needs, growth plans and cable type influence which topology to choose for a network.
This document discusses different network topologies. It defines topology as the physical and logical layout of a computer network. The main topologies covered are bus, star, ring, tree, mesh, and hybrid. Each topology is described in terms of its structure and characteristics. Advantages and disadvantages are provided for many of the topologies. The document serves as an overview of common network topologies.
This document discusses network topology types and their characteristics. The four basic types are mesh, bus, ring and star. Mesh networks provide fault tolerance by allowing continued functioning if a cable fails. Bus networks use a single cable running the length with terminators at each end. Ring networks form a closed loop with no endpoints. Star networks have devices connected to a central hub. Hybrid topologies combine elements of the basic types. The document provides details on each type's advantages and disadvantages and instructs learners to design a network topology using one of the types.
This document discusses different network topologies. It describes bus, star, ring, tree, mesh, and hybrid topologies. For each topology, it provides details on the basic design, advantages, and disadvantages. Bus topology uses a single cable to connect all nodes without devices in between. Star topology connects all nodes to a central hub. Ring topology connects all devices in a continuous loop without a central server.
This document discusses different network topologies. It describes bus, star, ring, tree, mesh, and hybrid topologies. For each topology, it provides details on the basic design, advantages, and disadvantages. Bus topology uses a single cable to connect all nodes without devices in between. Star topology connects all nodes to a central hub. Ring topology connects all devices in a continuous loop without a central server.
INTERNET NETWORK TOPOLOGY PRESENTATION POWERPOINT (ADITYA).pptxSuratSingh18
油
Network topologies define the layout of connections between nodes in a computer network. The physical topology refers to the actual layout of cables and connections, while the logical topology defines how data is transmitted. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree. Each has advantages and disadvantages depending on the network size and needs. The bus topology is inexpensive but has limitations on cable length and number of devices. Star topology is robust but requires more cable and hardware. Ring topology has no central point of failure but a single fault disables the whole network. Mesh networks are highly redundant but also complex and expensive to implement.
The document defines and compares different network topologies - bus, ring, star, and mesh. A bus topology connects all devices to a central cable but if the cable breaks the whole network fails. A ring topology forms a closed loop but data transmission is slower. A star topology connects all devices to a central hub and is easy to install but the hub is a single point of failure. A mesh topology fully connects all devices for redundant paths but requires more cables and is more complex.
The document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It defines what a network is and describes different network topologies like bus, ring, star, mesh, tree and hybrid topologies. It also discusses network components such as network interface cards, hubs, switches, cables, routers and modems. Additionally, it covers data communication types including simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex communication.
The document discusses network topologies and their characteristics. It describes physical and logical topologies. Common topologies include mesh, star, bus, ring, tree and hybrid configurations. Mesh provides redundancy but is expensive to implement while star is popular for its ease of installation and fault isolation. Bus uses the least cabling but a single break disables the network. Ring passes signals in one direction making it susceptible to breaks. Hybrid combines different topologies to balance advantages and disadvantages. The optimal topology depends on factors like cost, growth and cable requirements.
This document discusses different network topologies including bus, star, ring, tree, mesh, and hybrid topologies. It provides details on the physical structure and flow of data for each topology. Advantages and disadvantages are given for each. Common applications are also listed, such as bus topology being commonly used for computer motherboards and star topology being popular for local area networks. A hybrid topology combines two or more standard topologies and is more complex and costly but also more robust than a single topology.
Network topologies define how devices are connected in a network. There are five basic network topologies: bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid. The bus topology connects all devices to a single cable or backbone. The star topology connects all devices to a central device like a hub or switch. The ring topology connects devices in a closed loop so that data travels from one device to the next. The mesh topology fully interconnects all devices for redundancy. The hybrid topology combines two or more topologies to balance reliability and flexibility.
Here, I Describe about concept of network topologies and there types (Physical &Logical)
I categorized Physical topologies into 7 networks types and short description about logical topology.
Factors to choose network topology
Diagrams of all physical topology
Advantages and disadvantages most of all topology
DEMO:
Computer network topology is the way various components of a network (like nodes, links, peripherals, etc) are arranged. Network topologies define the layout, virtual shape or structure of network, not only physically but also logically. The way in which different systems and nodes are connected and communicate with each other is determined by topology of the network.油Topology can be physical or logical.油Physical Topology油is the physical layout of nodes, workstations and cables in the network; while油logical topology油is the way information flows between different components.油
In general, physical topology relates to a core network whereas logical topology relates to basic network.
油
A fully connected network, complete topology, or full mesh topology is a network topology in which there is a direct link between all pairs of nodes. Networks designed with this topology are usually very expensive to set up, but provide a high degree of reliability due to the multiple paths for data that are provided by the large number of redundant links between nodes. This topology is mostly seen in military applications.
A TOTAL GUIDE ABOUT
NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
息Himanshu
Thanks,,, Hope you willl love it.
If you want this slide in .pptx then you can contact me (fb.com/nephaxor)
Writer:(bit.ly/anonnepal)
This document discusses different types of network topologies:
- Bus topology connects all devices to a single cable or line. It is easy to set up but not suitable for large networks.
- Ring topology arranges each node in a closed loop connected to exactly two other nodes. It provides equal access but if one node fails the whole network fails.
- Star topology connects each device to a central hub/switch. It is reliable but the hub is a single point of failure.
- Mesh topology connects all devices to each other providing multiple redundant paths but is complex and expensive to implement.
- Tree topology combines aspects of bus and star topologies, providing some redundancy but is difficult to configure.
- Hybrid
This document discusses different network topologies. It defines topology as the arrangement of links, nodes, and other elements in a computer network. There are two main categories: physical and logical topologies. For physical topologies, it describes linear bus, star, tree, ring, and mesh configurations. Each has advantages, like easy installation for stars, and disadvantages, such as a single point of failure for the central hub. Logical topology refers to how information passes between nodes. The document examines characteristics of each physical topology type in detail.
Network topologies describe the physical and logical layout of connections between devices in a computer network. Common network topologies include bus, ring, star, mesh, and wireless. The document discusses the characteristics of these topologies such as their advantages, disadvantages, common implementations, and standards like IEEE 802.3 for Ethernet and IEEE 802.5 for Token Ring networks.
Network topologies describe the physical and logical layout of connections between devices in a computer network. Common network topologies include bus, ring, star, mesh, and wireless. The document discusses the characteristics of these topologies such as their advantages, disadvantages, common implementations, and standards developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
Network topologies describe the physical and logical layout of connections between devices in a computer network. Common topologies include bus, ring, star, mesh, and wireless. The document provides details on the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each topology type. It also discusses several important networking standards defined by the IEEE, including Ethernet (802.3), Token Ring (802.5), Wireless (802.11), and FDDI.
The document discusses various network topologies. It defines topology as the physical or logical arrangement of links in a network. There are two main types - physical and logical topology. Five common network topologies are described - bus, ring, star, tree and mesh. The key characteristics of each type are explained, including their advantages and disadvantages. Understanding different network topologies is important for network design theory.
A computer network allows computing devices to communicate and share resources. It consists of clients that request resources and servers that provide access to resources. There are several types of networks including LANs, MANs, and WANs. LANs are used in small areas like offices and connect devices using TCP/IP. WANs connect servers and computers across large distances like continents. Network topologies describe how network components are arranged both physically and logically. Common topologies include bus, star, ring, tree and mesh, with each having advantages and disadvantages for things like ease of use, reliability and cost.
Computer Network Topology By Team_Community Connectors (Dept . of Sociology)Suman Mia
油
Network topology is the arrangement of the elements of a communication network. Network topology can be used to define or describe the arrangement of various types of telecommunication networks, including command and control radio networks, industrial fieldbuses and computer networks.
This document discusses different network topologies. It describes bus, star, ring, tree, mesh, and hybrid topologies. For each topology, it provides details on the basic design, advantages, and disadvantages. Bus topology uses a single cable to connect all nodes without devices in between. Star topology connects all nodes to a central hub. Ring topology connects all devices in a continuous loop without a central server.
This document discusses different network topologies. It describes bus, star, ring, tree, mesh, and hybrid topologies. For each topology, it provides details on the basic design, advantages, and disadvantages. Bus topology uses a single cable to connect all nodes without devices in between. Star topology connects all nodes to a central hub. Ring topology connects all devices in a continuous loop without a central server.
INTERNET NETWORK TOPOLOGY PRESENTATION POWERPOINT (ADITYA).pptxSuratSingh18
油
Network topologies define the layout of connections between nodes in a computer network. The physical topology refers to the actual layout of cables and connections, while the logical topology defines how data is transmitted. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree. Each has advantages and disadvantages depending on the network size and needs. The bus topology is inexpensive but has limitations on cable length and number of devices. Star topology is robust but requires more cable and hardware. Ring topology has no central point of failure but a single fault disables the whole network. Mesh networks are highly redundant but also complex and expensive to implement.
The document defines and compares different network topologies - bus, ring, star, and mesh. A bus topology connects all devices to a central cable but if the cable breaks the whole network fails. A ring topology forms a closed loop but data transmission is slower. A star topology connects all devices to a central hub and is easy to install but the hub is a single point of failure. A mesh topology fully connects all devices for redundant paths but requires more cables and is more complex.
The document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It defines what a network is and describes different network topologies like bus, ring, star, mesh, tree and hybrid topologies. It also discusses network components such as network interface cards, hubs, switches, cables, routers and modems. Additionally, it covers data communication types including simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex communication.
The document discusses network topologies and their characteristics. It describes physical and logical topologies. Common topologies include mesh, star, bus, ring, tree and hybrid configurations. Mesh provides redundancy but is expensive to implement while star is popular for its ease of installation and fault isolation. Bus uses the least cabling but a single break disables the network. Ring passes signals in one direction making it susceptible to breaks. Hybrid combines different topologies to balance advantages and disadvantages. The optimal topology depends on factors like cost, growth and cable requirements.
This document discusses different network topologies including bus, star, ring, tree, mesh, and hybrid topologies. It provides details on the physical structure and flow of data for each topology. Advantages and disadvantages are given for each. Common applications are also listed, such as bus topology being commonly used for computer motherboards and star topology being popular for local area networks. A hybrid topology combines two or more standard topologies and is more complex and costly but also more robust than a single topology.
Network topologies define how devices are connected in a network. There are five basic network topologies: bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid. The bus topology connects all devices to a single cable or backbone. The star topology connects all devices to a central device like a hub or switch. The ring topology connects devices in a closed loop so that data travels from one device to the next. The mesh topology fully interconnects all devices for redundancy. The hybrid topology combines two or more topologies to balance reliability and flexibility.
Here, I Describe about concept of network topologies and there types (Physical &Logical)
I categorized Physical topologies into 7 networks types and short description about logical topology.
Factors to choose network topology
Diagrams of all physical topology
Advantages and disadvantages most of all topology
DEMO:
Computer network topology is the way various components of a network (like nodes, links, peripherals, etc) are arranged. Network topologies define the layout, virtual shape or structure of network, not only physically but also logically. The way in which different systems and nodes are connected and communicate with each other is determined by topology of the network.油Topology can be physical or logical.油Physical Topology油is the physical layout of nodes, workstations and cables in the network; while油logical topology油is the way information flows between different components.油
In general, physical topology relates to a core network whereas logical topology relates to basic network.
油
A fully connected network, complete topology, or full mesh topology is a network topology in which there is a direct link between all pairs of nodes. Networks designed with this topology are usually very expensive to set up, but provide a high degree of reliability due to the multiple paths for data that are provided by the large number of redundant links between nodes. This topology is mostly seen in military applications.
A TOTAL GUIDE ABOUT
NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
息Himanshu
Thanks,,, Hope you willl love it.
If you want this slide in .pptx then you can contact me (fb.com/nephaxor)
Writer:(bit.ly/anonnepal)
This document discusses different types of network topologies:
- Bus topology connects all devices to a single cable or line. It is easy to set up but not suitable for large networks.
- Ring topology arranges each node in a closed loop connected to exactly two other nodes. It provides equal access but if one node fails the whole network fails.
- Star topology connects each device to a central hub/switch. It is reliable but the hub is a single point of failure.
- Mesh topology connects all devices to each other providing multiple redundant paths but is complex and expensive to implement.
- Tree topology combines aspects of bus and star topologies, providing some redundancy but is difficult to configure.
- Hybrid
This document discusses different network topologies. It defines topology as the arrangement of links, nodes, and other elements in a computer network. There are two main categories: physical and logical topologies. For physical topologies, it describes linear bus, star, tree, ring, and mesh configurations. Each has advantages, like easy installation for stars, and disadvantages, such as a single point of failure for the central hub. Logical topology refers to how information passes between nodes. The document examines characteristics of each physical topology type in detail.
Network topologies describe the physical and logical layout of connections between devices in a computer network. Common network topologies include bus, ring, star, mesh, and wireless. The document discusses the characteristics of these topologies such as their advantages, disadvantages, common implementations, and standards like IEEE 802.3 for Ethernet and IEEE 802.5 for Token Ring networks.
Network topologies describe the physical and logical layout of connections between devices in a computer network. Common network topologies include bus, ring, star, mesh, and wireless. The document discusses the characteristics of these topologies such as their advantages, disadvantages, common implementations, and standards developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
Network topologies describe the physical and logical layout of connections between devices in a computer network. Common topologies include bus, ring, star, mesh, and wireless. The document provides details on the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each topology type. It also discusses several important networking standards defined by the IEEE, including Ethernet (802.3), Token Ring (802.5), Wireless (802.11), and FDDI.
The document discusses various network topologies. It defines topology as the physical or logical arrangement of links in a network. There are two main types - physical and logical topology. Five common network topologies are described - bus, ring, star, tree and mesh. The key characteristics of each type are explained, including their advantages and disadvantages. Understanding different network topologies is important for network design theory.
A computer network allows computing devices to communicate and share resources. It consists of clients that request resources and servers that provide access to resources. There are several types of networks including LANs, MANs, and WANs. LANs are used in small areas like offices and connect devices using TCP/IP. WANs connect servers and computers across large distances like continents. Network topologies describe how network components are arranged both physically and logically. Common topologies include bus, star, ring, tree and mesh, with each having advantages and disadvantages for things like ease of use, reliability and cost.
Computer Network Topology By Team_Community Connectors (Dept . of Sociology)Suman Mia
油
Network topology is the arrangement of the elements of a communication network. Network topology can be used to define or describe the arrangement of various types of telecommunication networks, including command and control radio networks, industrial fieldbuses and computer networks.
Stacks and queues are linear data structures. Stacks follow LIFO (last in first out) where elements can only be inserted or removed from one end called the top. Queues follow FIFO (first in first out) where elements are removed from the front and added to the back. Stacks have operations like push, pop and peek while queues have enqueue, dequeue and peek. Both can be implemented in Python using built-in list methods and are useful for applications like reversing strings, solving math expressions and more.
Knownsense is the General Quiz conducted by Pragya the Official Quiz Club of the University of Engineering and Management Kolkata in collaboration with Ecstasia the official cultural fest of the University of Engineering and Management Kolkata
A Systematic Review:
Provides a clear and transparent process
Facilitates efficient integration of information for rational decision
making
Demonstrates where the effects of health care are consistent and
where they do vary
Minimizes bias (systematic errors) and reduce chance effects
Can be readily updated, as needed.
Meta-analysis can provide more precise estimates than individual
studies
Allows decisions based on evidence , whole of it and not partial
Design approaches and ethical challenges in Artificial Intelligence tools for...Yannis
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The recent technology of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has undeniable advantages, especially with regard to improving the efficiency of all stakeholders in the education process.
At the same time, almost all responsible international organisations and experts in the field of education and educational technology point out a multitude of general ethical problems that need to be addressed. Many of these problems have already arisen in previous models of artificial intelligence or even in systems based on learning data, and several are appearing for the first time.
In this short contribution, we will briefly review some dimensions of ethical problems, both (a) the general ones related to trust, transparency, privacy, personal data security, accountability, environmental responsibility, bias, power imbalance, etc., and (b) the more directly related to teaching, learning, and education, such as students' critical thinking, the social role of education, the development of teachers' professional competences, etc.
In addition, the categorizations of possible service allocation to humans and AI tools, the human-centered approach to designing AI tools and learning data, as well as the more general design of ethics-aware applications and activities will be briefly presented. Finally, some short illustrative examples will be presented to set the basis for the debate in relation to ethical and other dilemmas.
Different perspectives on dugout canoe heritage of Soomaa.pdfAivar Ruukel
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Sharing the story of haabjas to 1st-year students of the University of Tartu MA programme "Folkloristics and Applied Heritage Studies" and 1st-year students of the Erasmus Mundus Joint Master programme "Education in Museums & Heritage".
General Quiz at Maharaja Agrasen College | Amlan Sarkar | Prelims with Answer...Amlan Sarkar
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Prelims (with answers) + Finals of a general quiz originally conducted on 13th November, 2024.
Part of The Maharaja Quiz - the Annual Quiz Fest of Maharaja Agrasen College, University of Delhi.
Feedback welcome at amlansarkr@gmail.com
Measles OutbreakSouthwestern US This briefing reviews the current situation surrounding the measles outbreaks in Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Kansas.
Anti-Viral Agents.pptx Medicinal Chemistry III, B Pharm SEM VISamruddhi Khonde
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Antiviral agents are crucial in combating viral infections, causing a variety of diseases from mild to life-threatening. Developed through medicinal chemistry, these drugs target viral structures and processes while minimizing harm to host cells. Viruses are classified into DNA and RNA viruses, with each replicating through distinct mechanisms. Treatments for herpesviruses involve nucleoside analogs like acyclovir and valacyclovir, which inhibit the viral DNA polymerase. Influenza is managed with neuraminidase inhibitors like oseltamivir and zanamivir, which prevent the release of new viral particles. HIV is treated with a combination of antiretroviral drugs targeting various stages of the viral life cycle. Hepatitis B and C are treated with different strategies, with nucleoside analogs like lamivudine inhibiting viral replication and direct-acting antivirals targeting the viral RNA polymerase and other key proteins.
Antiviral agents are designed based on their mechanisms of action, with several categories including nucleoside and nucleotide analogs, protease inhibitors, neuraminidase inhibitors, reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and integrase inhibitors. The design of these agents often relies on understanding the structure-activity relationship (SAR), which involves modifying the chemical structure of compounds to enhance efficacy, selectivity, and bioavailability while reducing side effects. Despite their success, challenges such as drug resistance, viral mutation, and the need for long-term therapy remain.
General College Quiz conducted by Pragya the Official Quiz Club of the University of Engineering and Management Kolkata in collaboration with Ecstasia the official cultural fest of the University of Engineering and Management Kolkata.
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CLEFT LIP AND PALATE: NURSING MANAGEMENT.pptxPRADEEP ABOTHU
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Cleft lip, also known as cheiloschisis, is a congenital deformity characterized by a split or opening in the upper lip due to the failure of fusion of the maxillary processes. Cleft lip can be unilateral or bilateral and may occur along with cleft palate. Cleft palate, also known as palatoschisis, is a congenital condition characterized by an opening in the roof of the mouth caused by the failure of fusion of the palatine processes. This condition can involve the hard palate, soft palate, or both.
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Through practical examples and case-based scenarios, the session demonstrates how generative GenAI can assist in analysing critical reflection of current practice, enhancing teaching approaches and learning materials, supporting SoTL research design, fostering student partnerships, and amplifying the reach of scholarly outputs. Attendees will gain insights into ethical considerations, opportunities, and limitations of GenAI in SoTL, as well as ideas for integrating GenAI tools into their own scholarly teaching practices. The session invites critical reflection and dialogue about the responsible use of GenAI to enhance teaching, learning, and scholarly impact.
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Stages of combustion, Ignition lag, Flame propagation, Factors affecting flame
speed, Abnormal combustion, Influence of engine design and operating
variables on detonation, Fuel rating, Octane number, Fuel additives, HUCR,
Requirements of combustion chambers of S.I. Engines and its types.
1. Structure of a network- The geometrical arrangement of computer
resources, network devices along with communication
known as Network structure or Network topology.
Topology can be physical or logical
channel
is
Physical Topology-physica l layout of nodes and cables in the
network.
Logical topology - the way information flows between different
components.
Types of Physical Network Topologies
Bus Topology
Star Topology
Ring Topology
Mesh Topology
Tree Topology
Hybrid Topology
2. Bus Topology
Nodes are connected through a common communication media
like diagra m given below.
Adva ntages of a Bus topology
Easy to install
Minimal Cable
Disadva ntages of a Bus topology
Difficult reconnection
Difficult to find the problem
Difficult to add new devices
Break stops a ll tra nsmission of data
3. Star Topology
The star topology uses a separate cable for each
node/workstation. The cable connects the node to a central device
typically a HUB/Switch.
Adva ntages of a Star topology
Less expensive tha n mesh
Easy to install,easy to configure
If one link fails the network can still
function
Disadvantages of a Star topology
Everything depends on the hub
4. Tree Topology
In which a central root node (the top level of the hierarchy) is
connected to one or more other nodes that are one level lower in
the hierarchy
Advantages of a Mesh topology
It is scalable.
Easier fault identification
Disadvantages of a Mesh topology
Maintenance of the network may be an issue
when the network spans a great area.
if the backbone fails, the entire network is crippled.
5. Com(2uter Network
How to decide Network Layout -
The network layout can be best which provide
less installation and maintenance cost as well as
easy installation and maintenance. It is only
possible when it is properly designed, design
with shortest cable length and fulfill our
network requirements.
6. How to decide Network Layout - Example
Freya Tech Corporation (FTC) is a professional consultancy company. The
company is planning to set up their new offices in India with its hub at
Udaipur. As a network adviser, you have to understand their requirement and
suggest them the best network layout.