Natural numbers include all counting numbers from 1 to infinity. They are represented by the capital letter N. Integers include all natural numbers along with their negatives and zero, and are represented by Z. Fractions are numbers that are parts of a whole, with a numerator on top and denominator on bottom. Rational numbers are numbers that can be represented as a ratio of two integers, while irrational numbers cannot be represented as a ratio of two integers. Real numbers include all rational and irrational numbers.