Obesity hypoventilation syndrome HY
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Obesity hypoventilation syndrome is diagnosed in obese patients (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) with awake hypercapnia (PaCO2 >45 mm Hg) and no other cause of hypoventilation. It is evaluated with blood gases, chest x-ray, pulmonary function tests, thyroid function tests, and polysomnography. Treatment involves nocturnal positive pressure ventilation as first-line, weight loss through bariatric surgery if needed, avoiding sedatives, and using respiratory stimulants only as a last resort.
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Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation HYRickettsia RickettsiiNoninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is recommended for patients with severe COPD exacerbation, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, acute respiratory failure, postoperative hypoxemic respiratory failure, and immunosuppressed patients to facilitate early extubation. Contraindications for NPPV include medical instability such as cardiac or respiratory arrest, severe acidosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, nonrespiratory organ failure, unstable cardiac arrhythmias or hemodynamic instability, encephalopathy, or gastrointestinal bleeding. Inability to protect the airway due to being uncooperative, agitated, or unable to clear secretions with a high aspiration risk are also contraindications. Mechanical issues like a recent esophageal anastomosis or
Management of endometriosis HY
Management of endometriosis HYRickettsia RickettsiiThis document provides guidance on managing endometriosis. It lists symptoms that could indicate suspected endometriosis such as chronic pelvic pain, painful periods, painful sex, and painful bowel movements. For patients with suspected endometriosis, the document recommends considering over-the-counter pain relievers and birth control pills initially, and performing a laparoscopy if symptoms do not improve or if there are concerns about infertility, medical contraindications, need for diagnosis, or potential malignancy.
Lung cancer HY
Lung cancer HYRickettsia RickettsiiThis document discusses the four main types of lung cancer: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. It provides information on the incidence, typical location in the lungs, and common clinical associations for each type of lung cancer. Adenocarcinoma makes up 40-50% of lung cancers and is usually located in the periphery of the lungs. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 20-25% of cases and is typically central. Small cell carcinoma comprises 10-15% of lung cancers and is also usually central. Large cell carcinoma represents 5-10% of lung cancers and tends to be peripheral.
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency HY
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency HYRickettsia RickettsiiLeukocyte adhesion deficiency is caused by a defect in CD18-containing integrins, which impairs leukocyte adhesion and endothelial transmigration. This results in recurrent skin and mucosal infections without pus formation, impaired wound healing, and delayed umbilical cord separation beyond 3 weeks of age. Laboratory findings include leukocytosis and neutrophilia.
Intrauterine fetal demise HY
Intrauterine fetal demise HYRickettsia RickettsiiIntrauterine fetal demise is defined as fetal death at 20 weeks or later. It is diagnosed by the absence of fetal cardiac activity on ultrasound. Management depends on gestational age - between 20-23 weeks dilation and evacuation or vaginal delivery is recommended, while at 24 weeks or later vaginal delivery is recommended, though cesarean delivery is an option based on maternal history. A complication can be coagulopathy if the fetus is retained for several weeks.
Infectious mononucleosis HY
Infectious mononucleosis HYRickettsia RickettsiiInfectious mononucleosis is characterized by fever, tonsillitis or pharyngitis that may have exudates, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, fatigue, and possibly enlargement of the liver and spleen. Complications can include airway obstruction, autoimmune conditions affecting red blood cells or platelets, and rupture of the spleen.
Indications for urgent dialysis (aeiou) HY
Indications for urgent dialysis (aeiou) HYRickettsia RickettsiiAcidosis, electrolyte abnormalities, ingestion of toxic substances, overload states, and uremia are indications for urgent dialysis according to the AEIOU mnemonic. Specifically, metabolic acidosis with a pH below 7.1, hyperkalemia causing ECG changes or arrhythmias, ingestion of toxic alcohols, volume overload refractory to diuretics, and uremia causing encephalopathy, pericarditis or bleeding require immediate dialysis treatment.
Spikes protocol for delivering serious news HY
Spikes protocol for delivering serious news HYRickettsia Rickettsii
Side effects & risks of combination oral contraceptives HY
Side effects & risks of combination oral contraceptives HYRickettsia Rickettsii
Red blood cell transfusion thresholds HY
Red blood cell transfusion thresholds HYRickettsia Rickettsii
Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation HY
Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation HYRickettsia Rickettsii
Indications for urgent dialysis (aeiou) HY
Indications for urgent dialysis (aeiou) HYRickettsia Rickettsii
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