1. The document describes the anatomy of the stomach and pancreas.
2. It discusses the location, structure, layers and blood supply of the stomach, as well as the sections and parts of the pancreas.
3. The document also details the arteries that supply blood to the stomach and pancreatic region, including the right and left gastric arteries and pancreaticoduodenal arteries.
- The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the male reproductive system, including the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, and penis.
- It explains the structure and function of the testes and key components like the seminiferous tubules, Leydig cells, and blood vessels. Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules through interactions between Sertoli and germ cells.
- Other sections cover the anatomy and functions of the epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, and penis, as well as the hormonal regulation of sperm production and sexual maturation.
Gi畉i ph畉u Trung th畉t, Ph炭c m畉c - 畉i h畛c Y H N畛iVuKirikou
油
1. Tr狸nh by kh叩i ni畛m, c叩c gi畛i h畉n v c叩ch ph但n chia trung th畉t.遺叩c thnh ph畉n trong trung th畉t.
2. Tr狸nh by 動畛c kh叩i ni畛m v畛 ph炭c m畉c, m担 t畉 動畛c c叩c ph畉n ph炭c m畉c trung gian
The document describes the anatomy and structure of the kidneys. It discusses the location, external shape, and internal structure of the kidneys. It also describes the structure of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. Additionally, it outlines the blood supply to the kidneys from the renal arteries and their branches.
1. The document describes the anatomy of the stomach and pancreas.
2. It discusses the location, structure, layers and blood supply of the stomach, as well as the sections and parts of the pancreas.
3. The document also details the arteries that supply blood to the stomach and pancreatic region, including the right and left gastric arteries and pancreaticoduodenal arteries.
- The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the male reproductive system, including the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, and penis.
- It explains the structure and function of the testes and key components like the seminiferous tubules, Leydig cells, and blood vessels. Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules through interactions between Sertoli and germ cells.
- Other sections cover the anatomy and functions of the epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, and penis, as well as the hormonal regulation of sperm production and sexual maturation.
Gi畉i ph畉u Trung th畉t, Ph炭c m畉c - 畉i h畛c Y H N畛iVuKirikou
油
1. Tr狸nh by kh叩i ni畛m, c叩c gi畛i h畉n v c叩ch ph但n chia trung th畉t.遺叩c thnh ph畉n trong trung th畉t.
2. Tr狸nh by 動畛c kh叩i ni畛m v畛 ph炭c m畉c, m担 t畉 動畛c c叩c ph畉n ph炭c m畉c trung gian
The document describes the anatomy and structure of the kidneys. It discusses the location, external shape, and internal structure of the kidneys. It also describes the structure of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. Additionally, it outlines the blood supply to the kidneys from the renal arteries and their branches.
This document describes a new species of loach, Leptobotia bellacauda, discovered in streams in the lower Yangtze River basin in China. The species is distinguished by its plain brown body with a prominent black bar in the caudal fin. The dorsal half of the head is dusky black while the ventral half is cream colored. Adult males have an enlarged pectoral fin with tubercles. A total of 13 specimens were examined from two locations in Anhui Province. The new species is described and its distinguishing morphological characteristics are outlined.
1. PHI THAI H畛 TI畉T NI畛U
BM M担 ph担i Khoa Y c董 s畛 H Y khoa Vinh
M畛C TIU BI H畛C
1. X叩c 畛nh 動畛c ngu畛n g畛c c畛a th畉n, c叩c 動畛ng d畉n
n動畛c ti畛u v c叩c tuy畉n ph畛 thu畛c ni畛u 畉o.
2. M担 t畉 動畛c s畛 ph叩t tri畛n b狸nh th動畛ng c畛a c叩c c董 quan
thu畛c h畛 ti畉t ni畛u.
3. N棚u 動畛c nh畛ng 畉c i畛m ho畉t 畛ng c畛a th畉n tr動畛c v
sau khi tr畉 ra 畛i.
4. Gi畉i th鱈ch 動畛c s畛 ph叩t sinh nh畛ng d畛 t畉t b畉m sinh
th動畛ng g畉p 畛 h畛 ti畉t ni畛u.
2. TI LI畛U THAM KH畉O
1. Langmans Medical Embryology,T.W.Sadler,2012.
2. Larsens Human Embryology, Gary C. Schoenwolf
3. Bi gi畉ng M担 ph担i, 畉i h畛c Y khoa Vinh, 2014.
3. 1. S畛 PHT TRI畛N C畛A TH畉N V NI畛U QU畉N
Ph叩t sinh t畛 2 d畉i trung b狸 trung gian (d畉i sinh th畉n).
M畛i d畉i s畉 l畉n l動畛t t畉o ra: Ti畛n th畉n, trung th畉n = th畛 Wolff
(Von) & h畉u th畉n.
4. 1. S畛 PHT TRI畛N C畛A TH畉N V NI畛U QU畉N
1.1 Ti畛n th畉n
- Tu畉n 3, d畉i sinh th畉n ph但n
畛t 畛t th畉n (7 担i) t炭i
畛ng ti畛n th畉n ngang.
- 畉u k鱈n l探m vo h狸nh i
hoa c坦 2 l叩 b畛c l畉y cu畛n mao
m畉ch ti畛u c畉u th畉n.
畉u kia n畛i v畛i 畉u nh畛ng
畛ng ph鱈a d動畛i 畛ng ti畛n th畉n
d畛c, lan v畛 ph鱈a u担i ph担i.
- Khi nh畛ng 畛ng 畛 u担i ph担i
ph叩t tri畛n th狸 nh畛ng 畛ng 畛 畉u
ph担i b畉t 畉u tho叩i ho叩 & bi畉n
i, cu畛i tu畉n 4 bi畉n i hon
ton.
5. 1. S畛 PHT TRI畛N C畛A TH畉N V NI畛U QU畉N
1.2 Trung th畉n
- Ph叩t tri畛n 畛 ph鱈a u担i ti畛n th畉n
- D畉i sinh th畉n ph但n 畛t kh担ng hon ton 畛t th畉n.
- 畛t th畉n 畛ng trung th畉n ngang. 畉u trong bao (2 l叩) b畛c 1
cu畛n mao m畉ch.
- 遺叩c 畛ng ny qu畉t v畛 u担i ph担i, n畛i v畛i nhau 畛ng trung th畉n d畛c
(畛ng Wolff), m畛 vo 畛 nh畛p.
- Nh畛ng 畛ng trung th畉n ngang tho叩i ho叩 (t畛 畉u u担i).
- Cu畛i th叩ng th畛 2, 畉i a s畛 c叩c 畛ng + ti畛u c畉u th畉n bi畉n m畉t .Trung
th畉n l c董 quan t畉m th畛i (= ti畛n th畉n).
6. 1. S畛 PHT TRI畛N C畛A TH畉N V NI畛U QU畉N
1.3 H畉u th畉n
L th畉n v挑nh vi畛n 畛 畛ng v畉t c坦 v炭.
Xu畉t hi畛n vo tu畉n th畛 5.
o畉n u担i d畉i sinh th畉n kh担ng chia 畛t = m畉m sinh h畉u th畉n: Sinh
ra 畛ng th畉n (ti畛u c畉u th畉n 畛ng xa)
Cu畛i tu畉n th畛 4, 畛 thnh sau c畛a 畛ng trung th畉n d畛c (g畉n n董i m畛
vo 畛 nh畛p) n畉y ra 1 c叩i t炭i th畛a = m畉m ni畛u qu畉n: Sinh ra ni畛u
qu畉n, b畛 th畉n, i th畉n & 畛ng g坦p.
7. 1. S畛 PHT TRI畛N C畛A TH畉N V NI畛U QU畉N
1.3 H畉u th畉n
M畉m ni畛u qu畉n ti畉n vo m畉m sinh h畉u th畉n.
畉u xa n畛 to B畛 th畉n t動董ng lai. N坦 ph但n nh叩nh li棚n ti畉p:
+ 畛ng c畉p 1 n畛 to ra i th畉n l畛n.
+ 畛ng c畉p 2 4 i th畉n nh畛.
+ 畛ng c畉p 5 12 畛ng g坦p.
- 畉u g畉n h畉p, di ra Ni畛u qu畉n
1.3.1 S畛 t畉o ra ni畛u qu畉n, b畛 th畉n, i th畉n v 畛ng g坦p
8. 1. S畛 PHT TRI畛N C畛A TH畉N V NI畛U QU畉N
1.3 H畉u th畉n
1.3.2.1. S畛 t畉o ra c叩c 畛ng h畉u th畉n
- 畛ng g坦p chia nh叩nh nhi畛u l畉n m畉m sinh h畉u th畉n b畛 畉y ra
xung quanh, 畛t o畉n T畉 bo trung m担 h畛p thnh t畛ng 叩m
nh畛 = M滴 h畉u th畉n.
- T畉 bo trung m担 bi畛t ho叩 T炭i h畉u th畉n 畛ng h畉u th畉n (1 畉u
k鱈n, 1 畉u th担ng v畛i 畛ng g坦p).
1.3.2. S畛 t畉o ra 畛ng th畉n
9. 1. S畛 PHT TRI畛N C畛A TH畉N V NI畛U QU畉N
1.3 H畉u th畉n
1.3.2.2. S畛 t畉o ra c叩c 畛ng th畉n
- Ti畛u c畉u th畉n:
畉u k鱈n c畛a 畛ng h畉u th畉n l探m vo h狸nh i hoa = Bao
Bowman (c坦 2 l叩, gi畛a 2 l叩 l khoang Bowman).
B棚n trong, mao m畉ch bi畛t ho叩 cu畛n mao m畉ch.
Ti畛u c畉u th畉n.
- 畛ng g畉n:
o畉n c嘆n l畉i di ra, cong h狸nh ch畛 S r畛i to ra & ngo畉n ngo竪o
畛ng g畉n.
- 畛ng trung gian:
o畉n gi畛a cong thnh h狸nh ch畛 U, di ra, h動畛ng v畛 b畛 th畉n
畛ng trung gian.
- 畛ng xa:
o畉n xa th担ng v畛i 畛ng g坦p, di ra, ngo畉n ngo竪o 畛ng xa.
1.3.2. S畛 t畉o ra 畛ng th畉n
10. 1. S畛 PHT TRI畛N C畛A TH畉N V NI畛U QU畉N
1.3 H畉u th畉n
- i th畉n nh畛 + 畛ng th畉n kh畛i l畛i l棚n m畉t th畉n th畉n chia thnh
nhi畛u thu畛 Th叩p Malpighi.
Khi tr畉 ra 畛i, th畉n v畉n gi畛 t鱈nh ch畉t chia thu畛 r畛i d畉n m畉t i (do t畉o
ra nh畛ng 畛ng th畉n m畛i).
- 遺叩c th叩p Malpighi ngn c叩ch nhau b畛i ch畉t v畛 (sinh ra t畛 m畉m sinh
h畉u th畉n), lan t畛i b畛 th畉n C畛t th畉n (tr畛 Bertin).
1.3.3. S畛 t畉o ra th叩p v c畛t th畉n
14. 3. PHT TRI畛N B畉T TH働畛NG
畛ng g坦p kh担ng th担ng
v畛i 畛ng h畉u th畉n
n動畛c ti畛u 畛 l畉i u
nang T畉t u nang th畉n
b畉m sinh (u nhi畛u
T畉t th畉n a nang).
3.1 Nh畛ng d畛 t畉t c畛a th畉n
3.1.1 U nang th畉n b畉m sinh v th畉n a nang
18. 3. PHT TRI畛N B畉T TH働畛NG
Thnh sau bng quang l畛 ra ngoi
(m畛 ra 畛 thnh b畛ng d動畛i) nh狸n
th畉y ni棚m m畉c bng quang, l畛 ni畛u
qu畉n & ni畛u 畉o
Nguy棚n nh但n: Do s畛 kh担ng di c動 c畛a
tb trung m担 c董 畛 thnh b畛ng d動畛i
kh担ng 動畛c t畉o ra thnh b畛ng &
thnh bng quang b畛 r叩ch ra.
3.2 Nh畛ng d畛 t畉t bng quang
3.2.1 L嘆i bng quang
3.2.2 R嘆 bng quang tr畛c trng
Th動畛ng g畉p 畛 nam gi畛i: ph但n 動畛c
th畉i qua bng quang v ni畛u 畉o.
19. 3. PHT TRI畛N B畉T TH働畛NG
Do o畉n ni畛u nang n畉m trong d但y ch畉ng r畛n - bng quang kh担ng
b畛 l畉p k鱈n th担ng bng quang v畛i r畛n n動畛c ti畛u th畉i ra r畛n.
3.3 D畛 t畉t d但y ch畉ng r畛n bng quang
3.3.1 R嘆 r畛n - bng quang
3.3.2 U nang ni畛u r畛n
Do m畛t o畉n ni畛u nang trong d但y ch畉ng r畛n bng quang kh担ng b畛
l畉p k鱈n d達n
3.3.3 Xoang ni畛u r畛n
Do o畉n ni畛u nang 畛 s叩t r畛n kh担ng b畛 l畉p k鱈n.
20. 4. PHI THAI SINH L H畛C
- 畛 ph担i ng動畛i ti畛n th畉n v trung th畉n ch畛 l c董 quan t畉m
th畛i.
- Sau tu畉n th畛 10 s畉n sinh n動畛c ti畛u. Kh畉 nng l畛c
n動畛c ti畛u c畛a ti畛u c畉u th畉n k辿m.
- Sau th叩ng th畛 3, bng quang ch畛a n動畛c ti畛u. Th畉n
kh担ng tham gia ch畛c nng bi ti畉t no thai kh担ng c坦
th畉n v畉n s畛ng 動畛c.
- Kh畉 nng lm lo達ng n動畛c ti畛u kh担ng c坦 畛 thai m ch畛 c坦
畛 tr畉 s董 sinh (sau khi ra 畛i 5 ngy).
- Ch畛c nng c畛a th畉n d畉n d畉n 動畛c t畉o ra sau khi tr畉 ra
畛i.