The woman is a former Romanian gymnast who won 5 Olympic gold medals between 1976-1980, making her one of the most decorated gymnasts in the world. She achieved three gold medals, one silver, and one bronze at the 1976 Olympics and two gold medals at the 1980 Olympics. She received numerous honors in Romania and was elected honorary president of the Romanian Olympic Committee in 2002.
The document provides instructions for a task where partners listen to an audio and write the number of the audio next to the corresponding photo name on a wiki page. There are photos of 16 people and an audio that presumably provides voices or clues to match each photo with a number.
Traditional Czech Christmas foods include fried carp and potato salad as well as fish soup. Christmas cookies and Christmas cake are also part of the Czech Christmas meal.
Major cities in the Czech Republic include Pardubice, known for its gingerbread; Karlovy Vary, home to a famous colonnade and spa; and Hradec Kr叩lov辿, which has a great zoo. esk辿 Budjovice is also mentioned for its locks. The document provides brief descriptions of attractions in four Czech cities from the perspective of someone named Simona.
George Enescu was a renowned 19th century Romanian composer, violinist, pianist, conductor and teacher. Gheorghe Zamfir is a famous Romanian pan flute musician. Constantin Br但ncui was a pioneering modern sculptor born in the late 19th century. Angela Gheorghiu is a prominent Romanian soprano opera singer born in 1965. Herta M端ller is a Romanian-born German writer who won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Mircea Eliade was a leading 20th century Romanian historian of religion, fiction writer, philosopher and professor at the University of Chicago.
The document provides biographies of several notable Romanian scientists and physicians:
- Ana Aslan was a Romanian endocrinologist who invented Gerovital, a geriatric product to treat age-related disorders.
- George Palade was a Romanian-American cell biologist who made pioneering discoveries about cell structures like mitochondria and ribosomes. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974.
- Nicolae Paulescu was a Romanian physiologist who discovered insulin, an important hormone for regulating blood sugar.
- Victor Babe was a Romanian microbiologist and immunologist who made contributions to studying diseases like cholera and tuberculosis.
- Iaon Cantacuz
Vznik samostatn辿ho eskoslovesnk辿ho st叩tu velinsk叩 a lys叩kovaMiroslava Filipi
油
The document discusses the establishment of Czechoslovakia as an independent state in October 1918. Its boundaries were defined by peace treaties and decisions made as part of the Versailles peace system after World War I. On October 28, 1918 the National Committee delegation was launched in Geneva to represent Czechoslovakia in international negotiations over its sovereignty and borders.
Tom叩邸 garrigue masaryk the president of the czechoslovakia.....liberdov叩,moukaMiroslava Filipi
油
Tom叩邸 Masaryk was a Czech statesman and philosopher who served as the first President of Czechoslovakia from 1918 to 1935. He played a crucial role in the formation of Czechoslovakia as an independent state after World War I. Prior to becoming president, Masaryk was a member of the Austrian Imperial Council and a university professor.
The woman is a former Romanian gymnast who won 5 Olympic gold medals between 1976-1980, making her one of the most decorated gymnasts in the world. She achieved three gold medals, one silver, and one bronze at the 1976 Olympics and two gold medals at the 1980 Olympics. She received numerous honors in Romania and was elected honorary president of the Romanian Olympic Committee in 2002.
The document provides instructions for a task where partners listen to an audio and write the number of the audio next to the corresponding photo name on a wiki page. There are photos of 16 people and an audio that presumably provides voices or clues to match each photo with a number.
Traditional Czech Christmas foods include fried carp and potato salad as well as fish soup. Christmas cookies and Christmas cake are also part of the Czech Christmas meal.
Major cities in the Czech Republic include Pardubice, known for its gingerbread; Karlovy Vary, home to a famous colonnade and spa; and Hradec Kr叩lov辿, which has a great zoo. esk辿 Budjovice is also mentioned for its locks. The document provides brief descriptions of attractions in four Czech cities from the perspective of someone named Simona.
George Enescu was a renowned 19th century Romanian composer, violinist, pianist, conductor and teacher. Gheorghe Zamfir is a famous Romanian pan flute musician. Constantin Br但ncui was a pioneering modern sculptor born in the late 19th century. Angela Gheorghiu is a prominent Romanian soprano opera singer born in 1965. Herta M端ller is a Romanian-born German writer who won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Mircea Eliade was a leading 20th century Romanian historian of religion, fiction writer, philosopher and professor at the University of Chicago.
The document provides biographies of several notable Romanian scientists and physicians:
- Ana Aslan was a Romanian endocrinologist who invented Gerovital, a geriatric product to treat age-related disorders.
- George Palade was a Romanian-American cell biologist who made pioneering discoveries about cell structures like mitochondria and ribosomes. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974.
- Nicolae Paulescu was a Romanian physiologist who discovered insulin, an important hormone for regulating blood sugar.
- Victor Babe was a Romanian microbiologist and immunologist who made contributions to studying diseases like cholera and tuberculosis.
- Iaon Cantacuz
Vznik samostatn辿ho eskoslovesnk辿ho st叩tu velinsk叩 a lys叩kovaMiroslava Filipi
油
The document discusses the establishment of Czechoslovakia as an independent state in October 1918. Its boundaries were defined by peace treaties and decisions made as part of the Versailles peace system after World War I. On October 28, 1918 the National Committee delegation was launched in Geneva to represent Czechoslovakia in international negotiations over its sovereignty and borders.
Tom叩邸 garrigue masaryk the president of the czechoslovakia.....liberdov叩,moukaMiroslava Filipi
油
Tom叩邸 Masaryk was a Czech statesman and philosopher who served as the first President of Czechoslovakia from 1918 to 1935. He played a crucial role in the formation of Czechoslovakia as an independent state after World War I. Prior to becoming president, Masaryk was a member of the Austrian Imperial Council and a university professor.
Tomas Masaryk was the first president of Czechoslovakia who founded the country on October 28th, 1918. He was born in 1850 and died in 1937, coming from a poor family originally named John Thomas but later taking the name Tomas Masaryk. Masaryk studied at Charles University in Prague and served as the first president until his death, overseeing the founding and early governance of Czechoslovakia.
The document summarizes several important state symbols of Czechoslovakia including the flag, national emblem, small arms, presidential standard, national anthem, tricolor, and national seal. The flag features red, white and blue colors and is used on special occasions. The national emblem incorporates coats of arms representing different regions. The small arms displays the Czech lion with the Slovak coat of arms on its chest. The national anthem was first performed in 1838 and adopted in 1918. The tricolor refers to flags with three horizontal or vertical stripes of different colors like the Dutch flag. The national seal is used to affirm treaties and issue diplomatic credentials.
Milan rastislav 邸tef叩nik english - elin叩kov叩, popilkov叩Miroslava Filipi
油
A Slovakian politician served as a General in the French army and was also an astronomer. During 1914-1918, he organized Czechoslovakian legions that fought in Serbia, Romania, Russia and Italy. He was later a member of the National Council in Paris and the Czechoslovakian Minister of Military, and is considered the founder of the Czechoslovakian state.
The national anthem of the Czech Republic is called "Where is My Home" and has been used since 1918. It was originally composed for a play and became popular among the people as it sings of the beauty of the Czech homeland. The text was written by Josef Kajet叩n Tyl and the music was composed by Franti邸ek kroup.
Edvard Bene邸 was the second president of Czechoslovakia from 1935 to 1948. He was one of the leaders of the first Czechoslovak resistance movement during World War II. Bene邸 led the Czechoslovak resistance from London during the Second World War.
Separation of Czechoslovakia to the Czech and Slovak RepublicMiroslava Filipi
油
The document discusses the origins and history of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic. It provides details on:
- Czechoslovakia was created in 1918 after World War I from the Czech lands of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire. The first president was Tom叩邸 Garrigue Masaryk.
- Prague is the capital of the Czech Republic and was founded by the noble woman Libuse according to ancient legends.
- Two important landmarks in Prague are described - the Astronomical Clock at the Old Town Hall, first mentioned in 1410, and the Charles Bridge, the oldest standing bridge over the Vltava River.
Czechoslovakia fought for independence during World War I from 1914-1918 as Czechia, Slovakia, Salesia and Moravia were part of the Austrian Empire at the time. Czechs and Slovaks first fought for Russia and created their first legion there before later fighting as the Legions of Czechs and Slovaks for an independent Czechoslovak Republic, with the first unit forming in the Russian city of Buzuluk in early 1914 to serve as the basis for the new Czechoslovak army.
The Austro-Hungarian Empire existed from 1867 to 1918, formed from the Austrian Kingdom and encompassing over 50 million people across 676,615 square kilometers, with its capital in Vienna.
The document describes the Tebosk辿 L叩zn spa located in South Czech country. The spa is situated in the Tebo basin, which contains some of the richest peat and bog deposits in the world. The spa has been operating since at least 1666 and offers treatments for the musculosceletal system including hydrotherapy, massage, and gas injections.
Luhaovice is a major spa town in the Czech Republic, located in a forested valley in the Moravian region. It has six natural mineral springs and is known for treating respiratory illnesses, digestive issues, and obesity. The town also has many cafes, restaurants, and taverns and attracts visitors for both medical treatment and tourism.
Hola邸ovice is a village located 15 km west of Czech Budejovice in southern Bohemia with interesting architecture consisting of cottages in the village center.
Praha is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic, located on the Vltava River. It has a population of over 1.26 million people and its metropolitan area is home to nearly 2 million. Some of Praha's most famous landmarks include the Charles Bridge, a historic bridge spanning the Vltava; Prague Castle, a 9th century castle complex and current residence of the Czech president; and its astronomical clock, which displays astronomical information.
J叩nsk辿 L叩zn is a town of approximately 800 inhabitants located in the Kralovehradecky region of the Czech Republic. It is situated 519 meters above sea level at the base of Mount Cerna Hora, which has ski areas. Above the town is Mount Cerna Hora and the ski area L.
Olomouc is a university town in the Czech Republic with a population of around 100,000 inhabitants. It was historically the capital of the Moravia region and contains a beautiful historic center with landmarks like a flower clock. Olomouc is also notable for being the site of King Wenceslas III's assassination in 1306 and features on UNESCO's list of protected sites.
Moravsky kras is a countryside region in the Czech Republic known for its many beautiful caves, especially Macocha cave which is the most famous in the country. The area receives many tourists from around the world who are drawn to explore the caves. Archaeological excavations in the caves have uncovered remains from ancient times.
2. Slo転en鱈atmosf辿ryZemsk叩 atmosf辿ra je tvoena plynn箪m obalem, kter箪 obklopuje zemsk箪 povrch. Tento obal sah叩 pibli転n do vzd叩lenosti 560 km, nicm辿n naprost叩 vt邸ina plynn辿 hmoty (co do hmotnosti) se nach叩z鱈 v jej鱈 nejspodnj邸鱈 vrstv. Pibli転n 50% celkov辿 hmoty je obsa転eno do v箪邸ky 5 500 m.油 V horn鱈ch vrstv叩ch atmosf辿ry, ve kter箪ch se pohybuje vt邸ina uml箪ch dru転ic, je koncentrace 叩stic zcela minim叩ln鱈. 油油 Hmotnost plynu pi povrchu nen鱈 lidsk箪m organizmem vn鱈m叩na. Je to d叩no penosem venkovn鱈ho tlaku na hmotu uvnit tla, jeho転 n叩sledkem se vytv叩鱈 tlak toto転n箪 s venkovn鱈m. 叩sten zle tlak pozorovat pi rychl辿m vertik叩ln鱈m pohybu nap. seskok pad叩kem, j鱈zda autem po kopc鱈ch a pod. Pro pesnj邸鱈 pedstavu celkov辿 hmotnosti vzduchov辿ho sloupce nad n叩mi, lze vyu転鱈t dostupnj邸鱈ho mechanizmu - je j鱈m voln辿 pot叩pn鱈 (na n叩dech, nikoliv s automatikou kter叩 dorovn叩v叩 okoln鱈 tlak) do hloubky 10 m. Za tchto podm鱈nek p哲sob鱈 na m2 tlak odpov鱈daj鱈c鱈 hmotnosti pibli転n 10 tun (povrch lidsk辿ho tla je cca 2 m2), co転 je pibli転n stejn箪 tlak (petlak) jako atmosf辿rick箪 tlak na povrchu.
3. Troposf辿raPr哲mrn叩 v箪邸ka: 11kmTroposf辿ra sah叩 od zem do v箪邸ky asi 8油km nad p坦ly a 17 km nad rovn鱈kem. Projevy poas鱈 (v鱈tr, oblaky, d辿邸泥, sn鱈h) maj鱈 p哲vod v troposf辿e, prob鱈h叩 zde vt邸ina dj哲, kter辿 oznaujeme jako poas鱈.Je tenk叩 vrstva, ale jej鱈 hmotnost je asi 3/4 hmotnosti cel辿 atmosf辿ry.
4. Teplota vzduchu v troposf辿e v dlouhodob辿m pr哲mru kles叩 s rostouc鱈 v箪邸kou asi o 6 属C/km (0,6 属C na 100 m).V l辿t b箪v叩 pokles intenzivnj邸鱈 (a転 kolem 1 属C na 100油m), v zim se pokles teploty v pr哲mru zmen邸uje a転 o油polovinu. Na horn鱈 hranici troposf辿ry (kterou tvo鱈 tenk叩 vrstva zvan叩 tropopauza) je tedy obvykle teplota kolem -80 属C nad rovn鱈kem a kolem -50 属C nad p坦ly. Jednou z p鱈in poklesu teploty pi vzr哲staj鱈c鱈 v箪邸ce je, 転e vzduch nen鱈 p鱈mo oh鱈v叩n slunen鱈m z叩en鱈m, ale a転 druhotn, od zemsk辿ho povrchu oh鱈van辿ho slunen鱈mi paprsky.
5. Stratosf辿raDosahuje v箪邸ky 50km.Vzduch ve stratosf辿e je velmi 鱈dk箪.Obloha je fialov叩 a転 t辿m ern叩.Je tam velmi m叩lo p叩ry.Netvo鱈 se v n鱈 t辿m v哲bec 転叩dn辿 oblaky, sn鱈h nebo d辿邸泥. Zato tam vane zpravidla velmi siln箪 v鱈tr rychlost鱈 a転 300 km/h.Obsahuje ozonovou vrstvu.Stratosf辿ra obsahuje ozon, kter箪 absorbuje velk辿 mno転stv鱈 ultrafialov辿ho z叩en鱈 dopadaj鱈c鱈ho na Zemi a umo転uje t鱈m 転ivot na Zemi.Stratosf辿ra je od dal邸鱈 vrstvy oddlena stratopauzou. A転 do 30 km je v n鱈 st叩l叩 teplota od -45 do -75 属C (podle zempisn辿 邸鱈ky). V油horn鱈 vrstv stratosf辿ry teplota s v箪邸kou stoup叩 a転 na +20 属C. Vrstva stratosf辿ry mezi 25油a転 35 km se naz箪v叩 ozonosf辿ra, proto転e obsahuje vysokou koncentraci ozonu (O3).
6. Molekuly oz坦nu pohlcuj鱈 kr叩tkovlnn辿, pedev邸鱈m ultrafialov辿 z叩en鱈, kter辿 m叩 zhoubn箪 vliv na tk叩n 転iv箪ch organism哲.D鱈ky oz坦nov辿 vrstv se k povrchu Zem dost叩v叩 jen asi 1% ultrafialov辿ho z叩en鱈, pich叩zej鱈c鱈ho ze油Slunce.Oz坦nov叩 vrstva se pi tom zah鱈v叩. T鱈m si vysvtlujeme zv箪邸enou teplotu v horn鱈 vrstv stratosf辿ry. Oz坦n vznik叩 tak, 転e fotony slunen鱈ho z叩en鱈 rozbij鱈 molekuly dikysl鱈ku a vznikl辿 atomy O se sluuj鱈 s油molekulami O2 na molekuly O3.
7. Mezosf辿raV箪邸ka asi 80 km.Teplota prudce kles叩 a転 k油hodnot叩m -70油stup哲 a転 -90 stup哲.Vt邸ina meteor哲 a kus哲 hornin sho鱈 pr叩v v t辿to vrstv.Vrstva se nach叩z鱈 p鱈li邸 vysoko nad oblastmi, kde l辿taj鱈 letadla (a転 27 km) a p鱈li邸 n鱈zko pro kosmick辿 dru転ice, tak je jej鱈 pr哲zkum pomrn slo転it箪 a komplikovan箪, co転 m叩 za n叩sledek, 転e lidstvo rozum鱈 jen velmi m叩lo proces哲m, kter辿 zde prob鱈haj鱈.Teplota zde s pib箪vaj鱈c鱈 vzd叩lenost鱈 od zemsk辿ho povrchu kles叩, asi o 3油属C na 1 km, a転 na cca 100油属C. Nach叩zej鱈 se zde tak辿 tzv. pol叩rn鱈 mezosf辿rick叩 oblakaPol叩rn鱈 mezosf辿rick箪 oblak.
8. Termosf辿raDo v箪邸ky 600 kmVelk辿 mno転stv鱈 iont哲 a voln箪ch elektron哲Teplota se zvy邸uje150 km teplota 150 属C600 km teplota nad 1 500 属C Na pelomu mezi mezisf辿roua termosf辿rou doch叩z鱈 k ionizaci plyn哲, co転umo転uje 邸鱈en鱈 radiov箪ch vln, kter辿 n叩m umo転uj鱈 poslech r叩dia,sledov叩n鱈 televize atd.
9. Termosf辿ra je vrstva zemsk辿 atmosf辿ry, kter叩 se nach叩z鱈 nad mezosf辿rou, dosahuje a転 do v箪邸ky 500 km, ale nkte鱈 autoi j鱈 um鱈s泥uj鱈 a転 do v箪邸ky okolo 700 km. Teplota zde d鱈ky slunen鱈mu z叩en鱈 s pib箪vaj鱈c鱈 vzd叩lenost鱈 od zemsk辿ho povrchu stoup叩 a転 na cca 1油400油属C.Vzhledem k relativn nepatrn辿 hustot vzduchu ve vy邸邸鱈ch v箪邸k叩ch, zde nelze mit teplotu vzduchu tradin鱈mi termometrick箪mi metodami, ale uruje se na z叩klad stedn鱈 velikosti kinetick辿 energie pohybu jednotliv箪ch molekul. V termosf辿e se vyskytuje pol叩rn鱈 z叩e.
10. Exosf辿raNejvy邸邸鱈 a nejid邸鱈 vrstva20油000 a転 35油000 kilometr哲 nad Zem鱈Pech叩z鱈 do meziplanet叩rn鱈ho prostoru.Pevl叩d叩 zde vod鱈k a pozorujeme pol叩rn鱈 z叩i. V油t辿to oblasti se nach叩zej鱈 pev叩転n voln辿 atomy vod鱈ku a helia, na kter辿 ji転 nep哲sob鱈 takovou silou gravitace, co転 m叩 za n叩sledek, 転e 叩stice mohou uniknout do okoln鱈ho voln辿ho prostoru a vymanit se z油gravitan鱈ho seven鱈 planety.Zem tak za sebou t叩hne z叩voj unikaj鱈c鱈ch vod鱈kov箪ch 叩stic, 鱈m転 se tak ochuzuje o油tento prvek.Obecn se pova転uje konec exosf辿ry tam, kde poklesne v箪skyt 叩stic na 1/10 pr哲mrn辿 hodnoty v油troposf辿e nebo tam, kde vzduchov辿 叩stice je邸t rotuj鱈 se Zem鱈.
11. Atmosferick箪tlakAtmosf辿rick箪 tlak je fyzik叩ln鱈 veliina, kterou zna鱈me paVznik叩 v d哲sledku p哲soben鱈 horn鱈ch vrstev atmosf辿ry na spodn鱈Atmosf辿rick箪 tlak se stoupaj鱈c鱈 nadmoskou v箪邸kou kles叩Na t辿m転e m鱈st se atmosf辿rick箪 tlak mn鱈 v d哲sledku zmn poas鱈Norm叩ln鱈 atmosf辿rick箪 tlak byl stanoven dohodou na 101 325 Pa (pesn).V meteorologii m鱈me tlak nejastji pomoc鱈 rtu泥ov箪ch tlakomr哲, aneroid哲 a barograf哲.V meteorologii se atmosf辿rick箪 tlak vyjaduje nejastji jednotkou hektopascal (hPa). Pi pou転it鱈 rtu泥ov箪ch barometr哲 se st叩le u転鱈v叩 jednotka torr (milimetr rtu泥ov辿ho sloupce), kter叩 se d叩le pepo鱈t叩v叩 na hektopascaly.
