The document discusses various aspects of higher mental functions and clinical examination of consciousness. It describes different levels of consciousness ranging from fully conscious to coma. Specific altered states are explained such as lethargy, obtundation, stupor, twilight states, oneiroid states, automatism, akinetic mutism, and apallic states. The clinical examination of consciousness involves assessing orientation, attention, memory, language and other cognitive functions to evaluate any impairment.
Horner¡¯s syndrome (in respect of sympathetic trunk injury)Hafiy Wahid
?
Horner's syndrome results from interruption of the sympathetic nerve supply to the eye, causing the classic triad of miosis, ptosis, and anhidrosis. It can be caused by lesions along the sympathetic pathway at various levels, from the brainstem to the orbit. Clinical features depend on the location of the lesion, but may include pupil constriction and dilation lag, eyelid ptosis, compensatory lower eyelid elevation, and sweating abnormalities on the affected side of the face or body. Treatment aims to address the underlying cause when possible.
anatomy and physiology of temporal lobechaurasia028
?
this ppt talks about the detailed physiology of temporal lobe and explain in detail about the mechanism involved in speech, auditory response and episodic memory.
it also talks about the anatomy and functions of the temporal lobe.
The document discusses connectomics and connectomes in psychiatry. It defines connectomes as networks of nodes and edges that represent elements like neurons and their connections. Several key networks are discussed, including the default mode network, salience network, central executive network, and others. Abnormalities in the connectivity and functioning of these networks are associated with various psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, depression, OCD, PTSD, and others. The field of connectomics is still emerging but shows potential to provide biomarkers and insights into mental illnesses.
The amygdala is located within the medial temporal lobe and is involved in processing memories and emotional reactions. It forms part of the limbic system and is linked to emotions like fear, pleasure, anger, and love. The amygdala interacts with emotional memory and mental state. One study found a girl without a functioning amygdala did not experience fear from threats like spiders, snakes, or horror movies. The amygdala is important for forming memories of emotionally arousing or traumatic events. When damaged, it can result in anxiety or depression, and other brain regions like the bed nuclei may compensate for amygdala functions. A larger amygdala volume correlates with larger, more complex social networks in humans.
This document provides an introduction to brainwaves and brainwave entrainment. It describes the five main brainwave patterns (gamma, beta, alpha, theta, delta), their associated frequencies in Hertz, the mental and neural states and processes associated with each pattern. Each brainwave pattern is involved in different cognitive processes and states of consciousness, from high-frequency gamma waves during deep focus to low-frequency delta waves during deep sleep or meditation.
The document summarizes the neurobiology of memory. It discusses the different types of memory including sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. It then covers the neuroanatomy of structures involved in memory like the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex. It also discusses neurophysiological processes underlying memory formation including long-term potentiation and long-term depression in the hippocampus.
The document discusses pain in children from a pathophysiological, assessment, and treatment perspective. It notes that pain is transmitted through the nervous system and children experience and express pain differently than adults. Common responses in infants, toddlers, school-aged children and adolescents are described. Nursing interventions should be developmentally appropriate and include pharmacologic therapy, distraction techniques, emotional support, and involving parents. Ongoing evaluation of pain control methods is important to ensure children experience adequate relief.
SISCOM may help differentiate PNES from epileptic seizures by showing changes in brain perfusion during seizures in epileptic seizures but not PNES. However, its diagnostic accuracy is limited and normal findings do not rule out epileptic seizures. Overall, EEG monitoring remains the gold standard for differentiating the two.
Bell's Palsy is a temporary facial paralysis caused by damage to the facial nerve, usually affecting one side of the face and making it difficult to close the eye, control drooling or facial movements. It was named after Charles Bell and affects about 40,000 people in the US each year. Symptoms include facial drooping, eye problems, loss of taste and headache. While most people recover within 3-6 months, some continue to have recurring symptoms for life. Treatment options include antiviral drugs for virus-related cases, corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and eye patches or lubricants for those unable to close their eyes. Surgery may also be an option if symptoms do not improve after 6-12 months
Dr. Amit Chail presented on immunology and immunotherapy in psychiatry. Two case vignettes were described of patients presenting with behavioral abnormalities, fever and altered sensorium. Testing revealed positive anti-NMDA receptor antibodies in the first case and herpes zoster in the second. The presentation covered basics of immunology, links between immunity and psychiatric disorders like depression, schizophrenia and autism. Treatment modalities discussed included COX-2 inhibitors, antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies and vaccines. Immunotherapy may help restore immune dysregulation and balance immune responses in these conditions.
This presentation is on comprehensive yet complete bedside neurological examination including higher mental functions, cranial nerve examinations, motor examination, sensory examination, cerebellar examination, extra pyramidal system examination.
Split Hand Syndrome in Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosisAde Wijaya
?
Split Hand Syndrome is a characteristic finding in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) where there is preferential denervation and wasting of the thenar muscles and first dorsal interossei muscle compared to the hypothenar muscles. This pattern, known as split hand syndrome, has high specificity for ALS. The syndrome is thought to be due to greater use and oxidative stress of the affected muscles as well as differences in motor axon membrane properties. It represents an early, primarily cortical lesion in ALS and assessment of pincer grip strength may prove useful for early diagnosis of ALS.
This document provides an overview of the history, definitions, classification, epidemiology and psychiatric disorders associated with epilepsy. It discusses how epilepsy was viewed in ancient times as a supernatural condition and outlines key developments in understanding including Hippocrates' view of it as a brain disorder. It defines terms like seizure, aura and epilepsy and classifies seizure types. Statistics on prevalence and risk factors for psychopathology in epilepsy are presented. Specific psychiatric conditions like depression, anxiety and inter-ictal psychosis are also examined.
Revista PROIECT - Catalog de Planuri CaseProiecte Case
?
PROIECT este o revista de arhitectura editata de catre ARCHETON Romania, prezentand in fiecare numar al sau cate 50 de planuri de case selectionate din portofoliul de peste 700 de realizari ale firmei.
Proiectele de case, vile si case de vacanta sunt prezentate pe doua pagini alaturate, cu
- o scurta descriere a cladirii,
- specificarea dimensiunilor si suprafetelor caracteristice,
- planul tuturor nivelurilor (subsol, parter, mansarda / etaj),
- vizualizari 3D din diverse perspective cu fatadele casei,
- poze amenajari interioare si exterioare.
Vertigo is caused by disorders that affect the central or peripheral vestibular systems. Peripheral vertigo tends to be intermittent and associated with nystagmus, while central vertigo may occur with or without nystagmus and can include additional neurological signs. Common causes of peripheral vertigo include benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Meniere's disease, vestibular neuritis, and labyrinthitis. Central causes include strokes, tumors, and migraines. A thorough history and physical exam is needed to localize the lesion and establish the likely diagnosis.
This document discusses different types of agnosia, which are disorders that cause inability to recognize sensory stimuli despite normal sensory perception. It defines agnosia and describes its classification into visual, auditory and tactile modalities. It provides details on visual processing pathways and disorders of the ventral "what" and dorsal "where" streams. Specific visual agnosias discussed include apperceptive, associative, integrative, prosopagnosia, color agnosia and simultanagnosia. Neuroanatomical bases and diagnostic criteria for each are outlined.
Fibromyalgia syndrome is a common chronic pain condition that affects at least 2% of the adult population. Chronic widespread pain is the defining feature of FM, but patients may also exhibit a range of other symptoms, including sleep disturbance, fatigue, irritable bowel syndrome, headaches and mood disorders. While the aetiology of the condition is not completely understood, it is believed that a number of factors (rather than one in isolation) are most likely to lead to its development. Thus, the onset of fibromyalgia syndrome can be influenced by hormonal and/or chemical imbalances, chronic stress and/or a traumatic event, genetic predisposition and even pre-existing illness.
In this hour-long webinar, Dr Nina Bailey covers:
? An overview of the aetiology of fibromyalgia
? The signs and symptoms of fibromyalgia
? Factors that can contribute to or exacerbate fibromyalgia syndrome
? Managing symptoms via dietary manipulation and lifestyle change
? Supporting nutrients/supplements for those with fibromyalgia syndrome
The masthead of the magazine cover stands out brightly against the black and white color scheme. It helps readers identify important parts like artist names. The masthead is placed behind the artists to show their importance. The magazine cover breaks conventions by not following the rule of thirds, promoting a rebellious attitude aligned with the band featured. The band's name "Nirvana" contrasts strongly with the background through size and color to differentiate it as the most important part. The band's ideology and time period are reflected in the black and white photo from the 1980s-1990s era of free will they came from. Short flashes throughout provide quick previews of stories without taking up much space.
This document provides an introduction to brainwaves and brainwave entrainment. It describes the five main brainwave patterns (gamma, beta, alpha, theta, delta), their associated frequencies in Hertz, the mental and neural states and processes associated with each pattern. Each brainwave pattern is involved in different cognitive processes and states of consciousness, from high-frequency gamma waves during deep focus to low-frequency delta waves during deep sleep or meditation.
The document summarizes the neurobiology of memory. It discusses the different types of memory including sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. It then covers the neuroanatomy of structures involved in memory like the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex. It also discusses neurophysiological processes underlying memory formation including long-term potentiation and long-term depression in the hippocampus.
The document discusses pain in children from a pathophysiological, assessment, and treatment perspective. It notes that pain is transmitted through the nervous system and children experience and express pain differently than adults. Common responses in infants, toddlers, school-aged children and adolescents are described. Nursing interventions should be developmentally appropriate and include pharmacologic therapy, distraction techniques, emotional support, and involving parents. Ongoing evaluation of pain control methods is important to ensure children experience adequate relief.
SISCOM may help differentiate PNES from epileptic seizures by showing changes in brain perfusion during seizures in epileptic seizures but not PNES. However, its diagnostic accuracy is limited and normal findings do not rule out epileptic seizures. Overall, EEG monitoring remains the gold standard for differentiating the two.
Bell's Palsy is a temporary facial paralysis caused by damage to the facial nerve, usually affecting one side of the face and making it difficult to close the eye, control drooling or facial movements. It was named after Charles Bell and affects about 40,000 people in the US each year. Symptoms include facial drooping, eye problems, loss of taste and headache. While most people recover within 3-6 months, some continue to have recurring symptoms for life. Treatment options include antiviral drugs for virus-related cases, corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and eye patches or lubricants for those unable to close their eyes. Surgery may also be an option if symptoms do not improve after 6-12 months
Dr. Amit Chail presented on immunology and immunotherapy in psychiatry. Two case vignettes were described of patients presenting with behavioral abnormalities, fever and altered sensorium. Testing revealed positive anti-NMDA receptor antibodies in the first case and herpes zoster in the second. The presentation covered basics of immunology, links between immunity and psychiatric disorders like depression, schizophrenia and autism. Treatment modalities discussed included COX-2 inhibitors, antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies and vaccines. Immunotherapy may help restore immune dysregulation and balance immune responses in these conditions.
This presentation is on comprehensive yet complete bedside neurological examination including higher mental functions, cranial nerve examinations, motor examination, sensory examination, cerebellar examination, extra pyramidal system examination.
Split Hand Syndrome in Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosisAde Wijaya
?
Split Hand Syndrome is a characteristic finding in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) where there is preferential denervation and wasting of the thenar muscles and first dorsal interossei muscle compared to the hypothenar muscles. This pattern, known as split hand syndrome, has high specificity for ALS. The syndrome is thought to be due to greater use and oxidative stress of the affected muscles as well as differences in motor axon membrane properties. It represents an early, primarily cortical lesion in ALS and assessment of pincer grip strength may prove useful for early diagnosis of ALS.
This document provides an overview of the history, definitions, classification, epidemiology and psychiatric disorders associated with epilepsy. It discusses how epilepsy was viewed in ancient times as a supernatural condition and outlines key developments in understanding including Hippocrates' view of it as a brain disorder. It defines terms like seizure, aura and epilepsy and classifies seizure types. Statistics on prevalence and risk factors for psychopathology in epilepsy are presented. Specific psychiatric conditions like depression, anxiety and inter-ictal psychosis are also examined.
Revista PROIECT - Catalog de Planuri CaseProiecte Case
?
PROIECT este o revista de arhitectura editata de catre ARCHETON Romania, prezentand in fiecare numar al sau cate 50 de planuri de case selectionate din portofoliul de peste 700 de realizari ale firmei.
Proiectele de case, vile si case de vacanta sunt prezentate pe doua pagini alaturate, cu
- o scurta descriere a cladirii,
- specificarea dimensiunilor si suprafetelor caracteristice,
- planul tuturor nivelurilor (subsol, parter, mansarda / etaj),
- vizualizari 3D din diverse perspective cu fatadele casei,
- poze amenajari interioare si exterioare.
Vertigo is caused by disorders that affect the central or peripheral vestibular systems. Peripheral vertigo tends to be intermittent and associated with nystagmus, while central vertigo may occur with or without nystagmus and can include additional neurological signs. Common causes of peripheral vertigo include benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Meniere's disease, vestibular neuritis, and labyrinthitis. Central causes include strokes, tumors, and migraines. A thorough history and physical exam is needed to localize the lesion and establish the likely diagnosis.
This document discusses different types of agnosia, which are disorders that cause inability to recognize sensory stimuli despite normal sensory perception. It defines agnosia and describes its classification into visual, auditory and tactile modalities. It provides details on visual processing pathways and disorders of the ventral "what" and dorsal "where" streams. Specific visual agnosias discussed include apperceptive, associative, integrative, prosopagnosia, color agnosia and simultanagnosia. Neuroanatomical bases and diagnostic criteria for each are outlined.
Fibromyalgia syndrome is a common chronic pain condition that affects at least 2% of the adult population. Chronic widespread pain is the defining feature of FM, but patients may also exhibit a range of other symptoms, including sleep disturbance, fatigue, irritable bowel syndrome, headaches and mood disorders. While the aetiology of the condition is not completely understood, it is believed that a number of factors (rather than one in isolation) are most likely to lead to its development. Thus, the onset of fibromyalgia syndrome can be influenced by hormonal and/or chemical imbalances, chronic stress and/or a traumatic event, genetic predisposition and even pre-existing illness.
In this hour-long webinar, Dr Nina Bailey covers:
? An overview of the aetiology of fibromyalgia
? The signs and symptoms of fibromyalgia
? Factors that can contribute to or exacerbate fibromyalgia syndrome
? Managing symptoms via dietary manipulation and lifestyle change
? Supporting nutrients/supplements for those with fibromyalgia syndrome
The masthead of the magazine cover stands out brightly against the black and white color scheme. It helps readers identify important parts like artist names. The masthead is placed behind the artists to show their importance. The magazine cover breaks conventions by not following the rule of thirds, promoting a rebellious attitude aligned with the band featured. The band's name "Nirvana" contrasts strongly with the background through size and color to differentiate it as the most important part. The band's ideology and time period are reflected in the black and white photo from the 1980s-1990s era of free will they came from. Short flashes throughout provide quick previews of stories without taking up much space.
Super short presentation of EOD - eBooks on Demand project at national and university library in Slovenia. / Kratka predstavitev evropskega projekta EOD - e-knjige po naro?ilu.
Presented by Matija Brumen at Hotel Slon on the occasion of 5ft Conference of Sections for special and university librares of Sloveian Library Association with working title Challenges of modern technologies: advantages of libraries.
The document describes the design choices made for a magazine cover and contents page focusing on the grime music genre. References are made to existing magazines like RWD, Vibe, and Flavour that were analyzed for conventions. The cover uses a large central image of a model and large text following conventions seen in referenced magazines. The contents page lists artist interviews and features with a logo and color scheme consistent with the magazine brand and genre.
Q magazine uses its logo consistently to identify magazine sections like contents and reviews. NME highlights important information in red to catch readers' attention without using red for the whole page. An image on the magazine covers most of the page and shows the band standing on a hill, providing insight into their personal lives and backgrounds rather than just a typical studio photo. Q magazine uses golden text in a different font style to draw readers' eyes rather than to explicitly demand attention. NME deliberately uses yellow text to psychologically influence readers into making decisions by coloring decision-related words like "subscribe" and "call" since yellow helps people make decisions. The page design uses simple colors with specific colors used for specific elements, with red used to distinguish