§ã§Ú§Þ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ú§ñ §Ó §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ñ§ç §ã §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú
Download as PPT, PDF1 like1,795 views
More Related Content
What's hot (19)
Viewers also liked (6)
Similar to §ã§Ú§Þ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ú§ñ §Ó §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ñ§ç §ã §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú (20)
More from Cadets Chuvashiya (20)
§ã§Ú§Þ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ú§ñ §Ó §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ñ§ç §ã §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú
- 1. §²§Ö§ã§á§å§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ü§à§ß§Ü§å§â§ã §å§é§Ö§Ò§ß§í§ç §Ú §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó §å§é§Ñ§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ (§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ä§à§Ó) §Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ê§Ü§à§Ý §Ú §Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó §³§Ú§Þ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ú§ñ §Ó §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ñ§ç §ã §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §£§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ý§î§Ö§Ó§Ñ §¡§ß§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§ã§Ú§ñ 11§Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã. §®§å§ß§Ú§è§Ú§á§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Ò§ð§Õ§Ø§Ö§ä§ß§à§Ö §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö ? §°§Ü§ä§ñ§Ò§â§î§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§ñ§ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §ê§Ü§à§Ý§Ñ? §®§Ñ§â§Ú§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§à-§±§à§ã§Ñ§Õ§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Û§à§ß§Ñ §¹§å§Ó§Ñ§ê§ã§Ü§à§Û §²§Ö§ã§á§å§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ú. §¯§Ñ§å§é§ß§í§Û §â§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î: §Á§Ü§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ §¤§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ß§Ñ §£§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ý§î§Ö§Ó§ß§Ñ, §å§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §®§¢§°§µ ?§°§Ü§ä§ñ§Ò§â§î§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §³§°§º? §®§Ñ§â§Ú§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§à-§±§à§ã§Ñ§Õ§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Û§à§ß§Ñ §¹§å§Ó§Ñ§ê§ã§Ü§à§Û §²§Ö§ã§á§å§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ú. §³.§°§Ü§ä§ñ§Ò§â§î§ã§Ü§à§Ö, 2012 §Ô.
- 2. §¬§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í§Û §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§Ö§ä §à§ä §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ê§Ú§ç §à§Ò§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó. §ª§Ù§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç, §ç§Ú§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç, §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ö§â§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §á§â§Ú§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ü §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é, §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§ñ§ë§Ú§ç §à§ä §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§à§Ó. §¯§Ö §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Û§ß§à, §Ö§Ø§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú §ã §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §¦§¤§¿. §©§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú §ã §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §à§Õ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ù §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§í§ç §Ó §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö. §´§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§í §ã §à§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ö§Þ §æ§à§â§Þ§å§Ý §Ú §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ§í§ç §á§â§Ú §Ú§ç §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú. §±§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ñ §â§Ö§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §à§ã§à§Ò§í§Þ §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§à§Þ, §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§Ö§ä §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §á§à§Õ§Ò§à§â§Ñ §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§Ñ. §±§â§Ú §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é §ã §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §Ó§í§ñ§ã§ß§Ú§ä§î, §á§â§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ §à§ß§Ú §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ú §ß§Ñ§Û§ä§Ú §Ó§ã§Ö §ï§ä§Ú §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §£ §ä§à§Þ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ç§à§ä§ñ §Ò§í §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú§Ù §Õ§à§á§å§ã§ä§Ú§Þ§í§ç §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ §ß§Ö §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§à, §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Ý§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ. §¬§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§à, §ß§Ö§Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §ê§Ü§à§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §ß§Ú§Þ§Ú. §±§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö §é§Ö§Þ §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á§Ú§ä§î §Ü §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §á§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§í§ç §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é, §å§é§Ñ§ë§Ú§Û§ã§ñ §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §Ó §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ä§î §à§Ò§ë§Ú§Þ §Ü§å§â§ã§à§Þ §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú.
- 3. §ª§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î 1)§ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§í §á§à§Õ§Ò§à§â§Ñ §á§å§ä§Ö§Û §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é §ã §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú 2) §è§Ö§Ý§Ö§ã§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§Ñ §ã§Ú§Þ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ú§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ . §©§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ ? 1)§µ§Ò§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §á§å§ä§Ö§Û §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é §ã §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú. ? 2) §²§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§î §å§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§Ñ §Ú§ç §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. ? 3)§°§Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ä§î §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Û §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é §ã §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú , §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ñ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ §ã§Ú§Þ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ú§Ú.
- 4. §³§Ú§Þ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ú§ñ. §±§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§í: 1)§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö §Ó §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Ú §ä§â§Ö§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§Û§ä§Ú §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö; 2)§Ó §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ó§Ú§Õ§ß§Ñ §é§Ö§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Û, §ã§Ú§Þ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ß§Ö§Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§ç. §ª§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§î §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Ú f(x) §ã§Ú§Þ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ú§é§ß§Ñ §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú x=0 §Ú f(?x) = f(x), §ä§à §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§ñ f(x)-§é§×§ä§ß§Ñ§ñ, §±§å§ã§ä§î §á§â§Ú §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§ñ f(x) §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §é§×§ä§ß§à§Û. §´§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú x0 §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú, §ä§à §Ú (?§ç0)¡ª §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å f(x0)=f(?x0). §³§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à, 1)§ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§í§Þ §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §ç=0 §Ò§í§Ý§à §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú, 2) §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§í§Þ §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Ö§Þ, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û ,§Ü§â§à§Þ§Ö x=0, §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §ß§Ö §Ò§í§Ý§à. §¥§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ: §²§Ö§ê§Ñ§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§å, §Þ§í §ã§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§Þ:1) §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§í§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§à§Ó §Ú§Ù §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ §ç=0,§ä. §Ö. §Ú§Ù §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§Ô§à §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú; 2) §Õ§Ý§ñ §ß§Ñ§Û§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§à§Ó §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§Þ §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û (§Ü§â§à§Þ§Ö x=0) §ß§Ö§ä, §ä. §Ö. §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§ñ§ä§î §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§à§Ö §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Ö §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §±§â§Ú §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §å§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ f(x, y)=0, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ú§Þ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ú§ñ f(x, y) =f(y, x), §ä§à §ß§Ñ§â§ñ§Õ§å §ã §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ (x0; y0) §á§Ñ§â§Ñ (y0; x0) §ä§à§Ø§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ. §¯§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§í§Þ §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ç=§å
- 6. §©§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ñ .§±§â§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ §Ñ §å§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö? x 2 ? 2a sin ( cos x ) + a 2 = 0 ? §²§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §°§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §ç §Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ñ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§î §å§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §é§Ö§ä§ß§å§ð §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§ð, §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §Ü§à§â§ß§Ö§Þ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ç=0.§±§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Þ §ç0=0 §Ó §å§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Þ §å§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §Ñ ?2a sin 1 +a 2 =0 ?a = 0, a ( ? 2 sin 1 + a ) = 0 ? ? ?a = 2 sin 1 §±§â§Ú §Ñ=0 §Ú §á§â§Ú §Ñ = 2 sin 1 §Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§ß§à§Ö §å§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ä §Ó§Ú§Õ §ç 2 = 0 §Ú x 2 = 4 sin 1sin ( cos x ) ? 4 sin 2 1 §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ú §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ü§à§â§Ö§ß§î §ç=0 §°§ä§Ó§Ö§ä. §±§â§Ú a = 0 §Ñ = 2 sin 1
- 7. §©§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ñ. §¯§Ñ§Û§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ §Ñ, §á§â§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Þ §Ú§Ù §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç . §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ §ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. ?y ¡Ý x 2 + 2a, ? ? ?x ¡Ý y 2 + 2a ? §²§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §±§å§ã§ä§î ( x0 ; y 0 ) -§â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó, §ä§à §Ó§Ó§Ú§Õ§å §ã§Ú§Þ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ú§Ú ( y 0 ; §ç0 ) §ä§à§Ø§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §³§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à, §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§í§Þ §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ç=§å. §±§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Þ §Ó §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú§Ù §ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó §ç ? §ç + 2§Ñ ¡Ü 0 2 §±§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§â§Ú§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ä §â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ß §ß§å§Ý§ð: D = 1 ? 8a , 1 ? 8a = 0, a = 1 , 82 ? 1 2 1 a= , ? y ¡Ýx + , 2 ? 1? ? 1? 8 ? ? 4 ?§ç? ? + ? §å? ? ¡Ü 0 ?x ¡Ý y 2 + 1 ? 2? ? 2? ? ? 4 1 §°§ä§Ó§Ö§ä. §±§â§Ú a = , x = y = 1 -§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö 8 2
- 9. §©§¡§¬§§À§¹§¦§¯§ª§¦ §£ §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §ñ §á§â§Ú§ê§Ý§Ñ §Ü §Ó§í§Ó§à§Õ§å, §é§ä§à, §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à: 1).§©§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú §ã §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú- §á§à §ã§å§ä§Ú §ä§Ö§ã§ä §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ü§å §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§í, §ß§Ñ §Ö§Ö §á§â§Ú§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§ä§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö. 2).§²§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§ð§ä §å§é§Ö§ä§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§í§Ò§â§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§Ñ §Ü §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ö §Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§ä §ã§Ó§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Û, §æ§à§â§Þ§å§Ý, §Ó§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§ç §Ó §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Ö. 3).§²§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Û §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú §ã §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§à§Þ- §ï§ä§à §à§ã§à§Ò§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ, §Ó §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §â§Ñ§ã§ê§Ú§â§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§â§å§Ô §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §ê§Ü§à§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§å§â§ã§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú. 4).§®§Ö§ä§à§Õ §ã§Ú§Þ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ú§Ú¨C§à§Õ§Ú§ß §Ú§Ù §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §à§â§Ú§Ô§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §á§å§ä§Ö§Û §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é §ã §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§Ô§à §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú
- 10. §§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ 1.§±§Ñ§Ü §¤.§¬. §©§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú §ã §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §³§Ö§â§Ú§ñ : §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ñ§Ò§Ú§ä§å§â§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ. §³§Ñ§Þ §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §â§Ö§á§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§à§â. §µ§é§Ö§Ò.§á§à§ã§à§Ò§Ú§Ö, §£§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§à§Ü. §ª§Ù§Õ. ¨C§Ó§à §¥§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ö§Ó§à§ã§ä§à§é§ß§à§Ô§à §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ, 2000,- 16§ã. 2.§¬§à§Ù§Ü§à §¡.§¯., §¹§Ú§â§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §£.§¤. §©§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú §ã §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú. ¨C§®. §®§¸§¯§®§°, 2007,-296§ã. 3.§¬§â§Ñ§Þ§à§â §£.§³. §©§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú §ã §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§í §Ú§ç §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.- §®.: §°§°§° ?§ª§Ù§Õ.-§Ó§à §°§ß§Ú§Ü§ã? , : §°§°§° ?§ª§Ù§Õ.-§Ó§à ?§®§Ú§â §Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö?, 2007.-416§ã.:-(§º§Ü§à§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Ü§å§â§ã §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú) 4.§¦§Ó§ã§ð§Ü §³.§. §®§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ: §µ§é§Ö§Ò§ß§à§Ö §á§à§ã§à§Ò§Ú§Ö. ¨C§®§ß.: §¬§ß§Ú§Ø§ß§í§Û §Õ§à§Þ, 2006.- 556§ã. (§â§Ö§á§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§à§â) 5.§¹§Ö§â§Ü§Ñ§ã§à§Ó §°.§À., §Á§Ü§å§ê§Ö§Ó §¡.§¤. §®§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ. §±§à§ã§à§Ò§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Ó §Ó§å§Ù§í : §å§é§Ö§Ò. §á§à§ã§à§Ò§Ú§Ö.-§®. : §¥§â§à§æ§Ñ, 2010.-653§ã.