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Tansformer
- 1. TransformerTransformer Presented by Presented by Md Sazedul IslamMd Sazedul Islam ID: 143010048ID: 143010048 Electrical & Electronics EngineeringElectrical & Electronics Engineering Green University Of BangladeshGreen University Of Bangladesh
- 2. What is Transformer ??What is Transformer ?? A transformer is aA transformer is a static device which isstatic device which is use to convert highuse to convert high alternatic voltage toalternatic voltage to a low alternatica low alternatic voltage and vicevoltage and vice versa, keeping theversa, keeping the frequency same.frequency same.
- 3. Principle Of OperationPrinciple Of Operation Transformer works on theTransformer works on the principle of mutualprinciple of mutual induction of two coils.induction of two coils. When current in theWhen current in the primary coil is changed theprimary coil is changed the flux linked to the secondaryflux linked to the secondary coil also changes.coil also changes. Consequently an EMF isConsequently an EMF is induced in the secondaryinduced in the secondary coil.coil.
- 4. What is Induction law ??What is Induction law ?? Faradays law states that:Faradays law states that: Vs=Ns.dVs=Ns.d陸陸/dt/dt wherewhere VSVS is the instantaneous secondryis the instantaneous secondry winding voltage.winding voltage. NSNS is the number of turns in the secondaryis the number of turns in the secondary coil.coil.
- 5. Working.Working. When the primary winding is connected to anWhen the primary winding is connected to an ac supply mains, current flows throughac supply mains, current flows through it.油winding produces an alternating flux init.油winding produces an alternating flux in the core.油Since this flux is alternating andthe core.油Since this flux is alternating and links with the secondary winding also, solinks with the secondary winding also, so induces an emf in the secondary winding.油Theinduces an emf in the secondary winding.油The frequency of induced emf in secondaryfrequency of induced emf in secondary winding is the same as that of the flux or thatwinding is the same as that of the flux or that of the supply voltage.油The induced emf in theof the supply voltage.油The induced emf in the secondary winding enables it to deliversecondary winding enables it to deliver current to an external load connected acrosscurrent to an external load connected across it.油Thus the energy is transformed fromit.油Thus the energy is transformed from primary winding to the secondary winding byprimary winding to the secondary winding by means ofmeans of electro-magnetic inductionelectro-magnetic induction withoutwithout any change in frequency.油any change in frequency.油
- 6. Types of TransformerTypes of Transformer Step UP TransformerStep UP Transformer :: A transformer in which Ns>Np is called a step upA transformer in which Ns>Np is called a step up transformer. A step up transformer is a transformer whichtransformer. A step up transformer is a transformer which converts low alternatic voltage to high alternatic voltage.converts low alternatic voltage to high alternatic voltage. Step DOWN TransformerStep DOWN Transformer :: A transformer in which Np>Ns is called a step downA transformer in which Np>Ns is called a step down transformer. A step down transformer is a transformertransformer. A step down transformer is a transformer which converts high alternatic voltage to low alternaticwhich converts high alternatic voltage to low alternatic voltage.voltage.
- 7. Construction of TransformerConstruction of Transformer Mainly Transformers haveMainly Transformers have two types oftwo types of construction.construction. CORE type constructionCORE type construction SHELL type constructionSHELL type construction
- 8. Core type TransformerCore type Transformer In the Core typeIn the Core type the primary andthe primary and secondary windingssecondary windings are placed on eachare placed on each side of the core.side of the core. The core type hasThe core type has two limbstwo limbs
- 9. Shell type TransformerShell type Transformer In Shell typeIn Shell type transformers thetransformers the LV & HVLV & HV windings arewindings are sandwichedsandwiched between each other.between each other. shell type has threeshell type has three limbs.limbs.
- 10. For designs of Transformer are used forFor designs of Transformer are used for different applications.different applications. Auto-transformerAuto-transformer Poly-phase transormerPoly-phase transormer Leakage transformerLeakage transformer Resonant transformerResonant transformer Instrument transformersInstrument transformers
- 11. AUTO-TRANSFORMERSAUTO-TRANSFORMERS Autotransformer is aAutotransformer is a one windingone winding transformer in whichtransformer in which a part of the windinga part of the winding is common to bothis common to both HV & LV sides.HV & LV sides.
- 12. Transformer equivalent circuitTransformer equivalent circuit
- 13. Losses In Transformers.Losses In Transformers. Iron Losses Iron Losses These are theThese are the hysteresis loss and eddyhysteresis loss and eddy current loss, constant loss.current loss, constant loss. Each time the magnetic field isEach time the magnetic field is reversed, a small amount ofreversed, a small amount of energy is lost dueenergy is lost due to油hysteresis油within the core.to油hysteresis油within the core. 油油 TheThe eddy current losseddy current loss is ais a complex function of the squarecomplex function of the square of supply frequency andof supply frequency and inverse square of the materialinverse square of the material thicknessthickness Copper Loss :CurrentCopper Loss :Current flowing through theflowing through the windingswindings causes油resistivecauses油resistive heating油of theheating油of the conductors. At higherconductors. At higher frequencies,油skinfrequencies,油skin effect油and油proximityeffect油and油proximity effect油createeffect油create additional windingadditional winding resistance andresistance and losses.losses.
- 14. TestingTesting Open circuit testOpen circuit test Short circuit testShort circuit test