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The country report pt. 2
- 1. The Country Report: Indonesia Part 2: Culture
- 2. Music The music of Indonesia demonstrates its cultural diversity, the local musical creativity, as well as subsequent foreign musical influences that shaped contemporary music scenes of Indonesia. Nearly thousands of Indonesian islands have its own cultural and artistic history and character. This results in hundreds of different forms of music, which often accompanies dance and theater. The music in Indonesia predates historical records, various Native Indonesian tribes often incorporate chants and songs accompanied with musics instruments in their rituals. Today the contemporary music of Indonesia is popular in the region, including neighboring countries; Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei. Traditional musics of Indonesian tribes often uses percussion instruments, especially gendang (drums) and gongs. Some of them developed elaborate and distinctive musical instruments, such as sasando string instrument of Rote island, angklung of Sundanese people, and the complex and sophisticated gamelan orchestra of Java and Bali. (traditional gongs from Java) ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_music )
- 3. Music The gamelan is the most popular traditional instrument in Indonesia. It consists of an ensemble of tuned percussion instruments that include metallophones, drums, gongs and spike fiddles along with bamboo flutes. The angklung originates with the Sudanese and is a hand-held bamboo instrument formed into pipes that creates a high-pitched rattling sound when shaken. The sasando is a plucked string instrument native of Rote island of East Nusa Tenggara. The parts of sasando are a bamboo cylinder surrounded by several wedges where the strings are stretched, surrounded by a bag-like fan of dried lontar or palmyra leafs, functioned as the resonator of the instrument. Indonesia also has more modern forms of music such as folk, pop, rock and jazz fusion singers and bands as well as native genres. There also a series of orchestras, one known as the Jakarta Symphony Orchestra. Some vocal artists, such as Anggun, are of Indonesian origin but gained popularity internationally. (children performing a traditional angklung show) (a local SambaSunda performance with traditional instruments) ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_music )
- 4. Dance Each ethnic group has their own dances; which makes the total number more than 3000 Indonesian original dances. The old traditions of dance and drama are being preserved in the many dance schools which flourish not only in the courts but also in the modern, government-run or supervised art academies. The dances of Indonesia can be divided according to several aspects. In historical aspect it can be divided into three eras; the prehistoric-tribal era, the Hindu-Buddhist era and the era of Islam. According to its patrons, it can be divided into two genres; court dance and folk dance. In its tradition, Indonesian dances can be divided into two types; traditional dance and contemporary dance. In Bali on November 19, 2011, UNESCO will announce the traditional saman dance from Aceh province as a world intangible cultural heritage. The saman dance is unique due to the fact there is no instrumental accompaniment to the dance, just singing and clapping hands together to create harmony in movement and sound. ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance_in_Indonesia ) (a Saman Aceh dance performance)
- 5. Dance The Pre-historic category of dancing is believed to have formed from religious ceremonies and are usually based on rituals, like the war dances, the dance of witch doctors, and dance to call for rain or any agricultural related rituals such as Hudoq dance ritual of Dayak people. Others are inspired by nature, such as the Tari Merak (Peafowl dance) of West Java. The Hindu-Buddhist Era incorporated stories of legendary figures, such as the Ramayana, Mahabharata and Panji cycles into dance-drama. The Islamic era retained the existing style but changed the legendary stories. Folk dances originated with the common people in villages or cities in contrast to court dance that is developed through royal patronage. Traditional dance in Indonesia, such as Balinese, Javanese, Sundanese, Minangkabau, Palembang, Malay, Aceh and many other dances traditions are age old traditions, yet are also living and dynamic traditions. Certain dances might be centuries old, while some others might just created less than a decade ago. Contemporary dance borrows influences from abroad, such as western ballet and modern dance. With rapid pop culture influences from abroad, especially United States, urban teen dances such as street dances are popular. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance_in_Indonesia) (a Ramayana ballet in Java)
- 6. Sources Wikipedia: Music of Indonesia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_music Wikipedia: Dance of Indonesia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance_in_Indonesia Pictures from Wikipedia and Google Images (a Javanese gamelan orchestra)