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Write four (4) words that you can associate with the
word “volcano” by completing the graphic organizer.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Study the pictures of some famous volcanoes in
the country below and answer the following
questions.

Mount Makiling
Mount Makiling is an
inactive stratovolcano
located in the provinces of
Laguna and Batangas on the
island of Luzon in the
Philippines.

Mount Apo Mount Apo, also known
locally as Apo Sandawa, is a
large solfataric, dormant
stratovolcano on the island of
Mindanao, Philippines. With
an elevation of 2,954 meters
above sea level, it is the
highest-mountain in the
Philippine Archipelago,
Mindanao and 24th-highest
peak of an island on Earth.

Taal Volcano
Taal Volcano is a large
caldera filled by Taal Lake in
the Philippines. Located in
the province of Batangas
about 50 kilometers south of
Manila, the volcano is the
second most active volcano
in the Philippines.

Mount Pinatubo
Mount Pinatubo is an active
stratovolcano in the Zambales
Mountains, located on the tripoint
boundary of the Philippine
provinces of Zambales, Tarlac and
Pampanga, all in Central Luzon on
the northern island of Luzon. Its
eruptive history was unknown to
most before the pre-eruption
volcanic activity of early 1991.

Mount Mayon
Mayon, also known as Mount Mayon
and Mayon Volcano, is an active
stratovolcano in the province of Albay
in Bicol, Philippines.
A popular tourist spot, it is renowned
for its "perfect cone" because of its
symmetric conical shape, and is
regarded as sacred in Philippine
mythology.

1. Which of these volcanoes is/are present in your
community or region?
2. Which of these volcanoes would you like to visit? Why?
3. Describe the structure of these volcanoes.
4. What news have you heard about these volcanoes?
5. Is it dangerous to live in areas near a volcano

Perform ACTIVITY 1 Volcanoes in the
Philippines

I. Objectives
Classify volcanoes as active or inactive

II. Materials:
Philippine map
Colored pens
Triangular ruler

III. Procedure
1. Using the Philippine map, plot the location of the
following Volcanoes. Assign colors for the volcanoes.
Indicate this in the legend.

Table 1. List of some volcanoes in the Philippines
Volcano Latitude Longitude Number of
historical
eruptions
Latest eruption
or activity
Cabaluyan 15 o 42’ 1200 19’ 0 -
Cocoro 10 o 53’ 121 o 12’ 0 -
Iraya 20 o 29’ 122 o 01’ 1 1454
Kanlaon 10 o 24’ 123 o 7’ 26 June 2006
Mayon 13 o 15’ 123 o 41’ 49 May 2013
Pulung 7o 55’ 124 o 38’ 0 -
Smith 19 o 32’ 121 o 55’ 6 1924
Taal 14 o 120 o 59’ 33 Oct. 6 1977
Tamburok 11 o 33’ 124o 26’ 0 -
Urot 5 o 59’ 121 o 15’ 0 -

Legend:
– volcano that no record of eruption .
- volcano that has erupted 1 to 5 times.
- volcano that has erupted 6 to 10 times.
- volcano that has erupted more than 10 times.

Guide Questions:
1. Are all the volcanoes found in the same location.
2. Which of the volcanoes had the most number of eruptions?
3. Which of the volcanoes had the least number of eruptions?
4. Which of the volcanoes had no records of eruptions?
5. How will you classify the volcanoes that have records of eruptions?
6. How will you classify the volcanoes that have no records of eruptions?
7. In your own words, differentiate an active volcano from an inactive
volcano.

Volcano
refers to mountain or hill,
typically conical, having a crater
or vent in which lava, rock
fragments, hot vapor, and gas
are or have been erupted from
the earth's crust.

The lava and other
volcanic materials
originated from molten
materials called magma
found beneath the
surface of the Earth.

Volcanism
Any activity that includes
the movement of magma
towards or onto the surface.

The Parts of a Volcano
Summit is the highest point or the apex of the
volcano. At the summit, you have an opening called
vent.
 Slopes are the sides or flanks of a volcano that
radiate from the main or central vent.
 Base is lower outer part of the volcano.

Types of Volcanoes based on structure and activity.pptx

Other Geologic features of a volcano:
Magma chamber
Main vent
Conduit
Side vent
Crater
Lava
Ash and gas cloud

Magma Chamber
It is a region beneath the
vent of a volcano where
molten rock or magma is
deposited or stored
before eruption.

Main Vent
It is the main opening or
outlet on the surface of a
volcano that emits lava,
gases, ash or other
volcanic materials.

Conduit
It is an underground
central tube-like or pipe-
like structure of a volcano
that connects the magma
chamber to the crater
through which the
magma travels.

Side Vent
It is a smaller outlet
through which magma
escapes.

Crater
It is the mouth of the
volcano which is a funnel-
shaped or bowl shaped
hollow at the top of the
vent from where magma,
ash and gas comes out.

Caldera
A caldera is a large depression formed when a
volcano erupts and collapses. During a volcanic
eruption, magma present in the magma
chamber underneath the volcano is expelled,
often forcefully. When the magma chamber
empties, the support that the magma had
provided inside the chamber disappears.

Lava
It is a molten rock which
is given off onto the
surface of the Earth when
a volcano erupts.

Ash and Gas Cloud
It is a of mixtures of rock,
minerals, glass particles
and gases expelled or
pushed out of the
volcano during volcanic
eruption.

How will you classify the volcanoes that have records
of eruptions?
How will you classify the volcanoes with no record of
eruption?

Types of Volcanoes Based on Activity
Active Volcanoes
Inactive Volcanoes

Active volcanoes
Are those volcanoes that have had at least one
eruption during the past 10,000 years.
They are those that erupted recently and still
showing regular activity like emission of gases, lava
and ash flows.
There are 24 active volcanoes in the Philippines.

Examples of Active Volcanoes in the
Phil’s.
Mount Banahaw
Mount Kanlaon
Mount Hibok hibok
Mount Apo

Mount Banahaw
Mount Banahaw is an active
complex volcano on Luzon in the
Philippines. The three-peaked
volcano is located at the
boundary of Laguna and Quezon
provinces. It is the highest
mountain in both provinces and
Calabarzon region, dominating
the landscape for miles around

Mount Kanlaon
Kanlaon, also known as Mount Kanlaon
and Kanlaon Volcano, is an active
stratovolcano and the highest mountain
on the island of Negros in the Philippines,
as well as the highest point in the Visayas,
with an elevation of 2,465 m above sea
level.
Mount Kanlaon ranks as the 42nd-highest
peak of an island in the world.

Mount Hibok hibok
Mount Hibok-Hibok is a
stratovolcano on Camiguin
Island in the Philippines. It is
one of the active volcanoes in
the country and part of the
Pacific ring of fire.

Mount Apo
Mount Apo, also known locally as
Apo Sandawa, is a large solfataric,
dormant stratovolcano on the
island of Mindanao, Philippines.
With an elevation of 2,954 meters
above sea level, it is the highest-
mountain in the Philippine
Archipelago, Mindanao and 24th-
highest peak of an island on Earth.

Inactive volcanoes
Are those that have not erupted for the last 10,000
years and is not expected to erupt again in a
comparable time scale of the future.
There are no signs of volcanic activity for a long
period of time because magma supply is cut off. Also
the physical form of the volcano has signs of intensive
weathering and erosion

Arayat.
Atimbia.
Calayan.
Iriga.
Labo.
Makiling.
Lake Muhikap

Mount Arayat
Arayat, officially the
balen ning Arayat, is a
mountain municipality
in the province of
Pampanga in the
Philippines

Atimbia
Mount Atimbia is a
mountain in Laguna and
has an elevation of 654
metres. Mount Atimbia is
situated northeast of
Mount Mabilog and east
of Kalisungan. It is found
on the Laguna Volcanic
Field

Iriga
Mount Iriga, also known as Mount
Asog, is an active stratovolcano in the
province of Camarines Sur, in the
Philippines.
It is a stratovolcano about a
kilometer from Lake Buhi. It rises
1,196 m with a base diameter of 10
kilometres. It has a large crater
formed due to a debris avalanche.

Mount Labo
Mount Labo, is a potentially
active stratovolcano in the
province of Camarines Norte,
in the Bicol Region, on Luzon
Island, in the Philippines. It is
located at the northwest end
of the Bicol Peninsula.

Potentially active volcanoes
are those that have no records of volcanic
activity but are morphologically young-looking.

Types of Volcanoes Based on Structure
Cinder cone volcanoes
Composite volcanoes
Shield volcanoes

Cinder Cone Volcanoes
Are the simplest type of volcano. They are built from
particles and blobs of solidified lava ejected from a single
vent.
Lava is thrown into the air, which breaks into small
fragments that solidify and fall as cinders around the vent
to form a circular or oval cone.
Most cinder cones have a steep slope, wide crater and are
the most abundant of the three major volcano types

Taal Volcano in Batangas
Taal Volcano is a large caldera
filled by Taal Lake in the
Philippines. Located in the
province of Batangas about 50
kilometers south of Manila,
the volcano is the second
most active volcano in the

Smith Volcano found in Babuyan Group
of Islands
Smith Volcano, also known as Mount
Babuyan, is a cinder cone on
Babuyan Island, the northernmost of
the Babuyan group of islands on
Luzon Strait, north of the main island
of Luzon in the Philippines. The
mountain is one of the active
volcanoes in the Philippines, which
last erupted in 1924.

Mount Mayabobo found in Quezon
Province

Composite volcanoes or stratovolcanoes
Are large, typically steep-sided, symmetrical cones of large
dimension formed from alternating layers of lava
flows,volcanic ash, cinders, blocks, and pyroclastic
materials.
One important feature of a composite volcanoes is the
conduit system from which magma rises to the surface of
the Earth.
They are formed from viscous, or sticky, lava that does not
flow easily. The lava builds up around the vent forming a
volcano with steep sides.

Mount Kanlaon in Negros Island

Mount Rainier in Washington,USA

Shield volcanoes
Are large, broad volcanoes that look similar to shields from
above.
These volcanoes are built almost entirely of fluid lava flow thus
these volcanoes are not steep. They can be easily identified
because they are tall and broad, with flat, rounded shapes.
The lava is not accompanied by pyroclastic materials, which
makes shield volcanoes relatively safe. Eruptions at shield
volcanoes are only explosive if water somehow gets into the
vent.

Mauna Loa [MOW] + [NUH] + [LOH] + [UH]
It is one of the largest shield volcanoes.

Let’s Wrap Up
1. What is the structure of a volcano?
2. How are volcanoes classified?
3. What are the examples of volcanoes found in
the Philippines?

What advocacy material can be created to raise
awareness on the signs of impending volcanic
eruption?

1. Which of the following BEST describes a
volcano?
A. It is a place within the mantle where rocks melt to generate
magma.
B. It is a long tube in the ground that connects the magma chamber
to Earth’s surface.
C. It is an opening in the Earth's mantle through which lava, volcanic
ash, and gases escape.
D. It is an opening on the surface of the Earth that allows material
warmer than its surroundings to escape from its interior.

2. Which of the following statements
about volcanoes is TRUE?
A. Volcanic eruptions can be predicted.
B. Volcanic eruptions are always violent.
C. Volcanoes cannot be found in bodies of
water.
D. Volcanoes give us information about inner
Earth

3. What type of volcanoes are formed
from wide thin layers of lava?
A. lava domes
B. cinder cones
C. shield volcanoes
D. composite volcanoes

4. What type of volcano is Mayon Volcano which is
formed from alternating layers of lava flow,
undissolved stone and ash?
A. lava domes
B. cinder cones
C. shield volcanoes
D. composite volcanoes

5. Which of the following CORRECTLY describes
the composition and formation of composite
volcanoes?
A. It has a highly viscous or thick, slow moving lava.
B. It has a loose and fluid lava that flows over each other.
C. It is composed of boulders and formed by the collision of
oceanic plates.
D. It is composed of loose fragments from basaltic lava and
considered as the simplest type of volcano.

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Types of Volcanoes based on structure and activity.pptx

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