The Corruption of Dr MahathirKarl Iskandar Associates- The document harshly criticizes former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir for rampant corruption and pursuing foolish, wasteful projects that enriched himself and cronies at the expense of Malaysians. It alleges he amassed billions of dollars through corruption and questions the sources of wealth of his sons. It accuses Mahathir of being the most corrupt prime minister in Malaysia's history and causing tremendous hardship to Malaysians.
My trip to KaunasMaija LiepaI recently took a trip to Kaunas, Lithuania and brought my camera to take photos. I have compiled an album of 20 photos from my visit, including pictures of the old town area, churches, and other sights around the city. The photo album provides a glimpse into some of the highlights from my travels to Kaunas.
TransportMaija LiepaThe document summarizes the results of a survey of 50 students about their use of public transportation. Most students use cars to get to school rather than public transportation. While many students would like to get a driver's license and own a car, the document advocates using public transportation and lists its benefits. It provides statistics on how students typically commute including the time, distance, and cost of their journeys as well as the schedules of public buses. The document's goal is to promote greater use of public transportation among students.
Romanian students 20Maija Liepa- Epure Antoanela is a 15-year-old 9th grade student in Romania who enjoys spending time with family and friends and loves animals like dogs and parrots.
- Stefan Tiberiu is a 10-year-old 4th grade student in Romania who loves nature, sports, and music and has a passion for science.
- Teodora Saulea is a 17-year-old student from Romania who loves nature and biology and wants to study medicine.
V. levski burgasMaija LiepaSecondary School of Foreign Language Teaching "Vassil Levski" is a 40-year-old school located in Bourgas, Bulgaria that specializes in teaching Russian and Western languages like English, German, and French. It has over 750 students divided into 27 classes. The school has modern facilities including 15 classrooms, laboratories, and computer rooms. Teachers are well qualified and work closely with students on extracurricular activities while also participating in various local, national, and international programs.
Atmospheric pollution bulgaria, bourgasMaija LiepaThe document discusses atmospheric pollution in Burgas, Bulgaria. It identifies the main sources of pollution as motor traffic, which accounts for 90% of atmospheric pollution by emitting nitric oxides, CO2, and particulate matter daily. Firewood and coal heating also contributes fine particles, especially in the town center. The Lukoil refinery emits a wide range of pollutants from industrial processes and leaks. Urban development and dust from construction also pollute the air. To examine pollution levels, students conducted experiments using Scotch tape in different locations, finding high amounts of particulate matter. Their conclusion is that particulate matter in combination with other emissions like NO2, SO2, CO2, NH3, and VOCs are causing a
Activities v. levski burgasMaija LiepaA teacher from the Secondary School of Foreign Language Teaching “Vassil Levski” leads students in environmental and health education projects. The teacher oversees students in grades 10 and 11 who participate in initiatives like cleaning, reforestation, and national health projects. The teacher and students work as a team to support environmental and health causes.
Global warming slMaija Liepa1) Burning fossil fuels for energy production contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Deforestation also contributes.
2) Data shows rising temperatures globally and more extreme weather events like floods and storms causing major economic losses. Projections suggest worse consequences without action.
3) The EU aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 20% by 2020 and increase renewable energy and energy efficiency to limit temperature rise to under 2 degrees Celsius. Individual lifestyle changes around energy and transportation habits can help prevent worst impacts of climate change.
Energy consumption in slovenia and at etrš 1Maija LiepaSlovenia's energy consumption is characterized by its reliance on fossil fuels like oil and coal. Renewable energy accounts for only 10% of consumption while nuclear makes up 20%. The document outlines Slovenia's energy profile, including consumption patterns in a secondary school. It shows the school's electricity usage varies throughout the day and month, with higher consumption in winter months and evenings. Recommendations are provided to increase energy efficiency and utilize renewable energy sources like solar panels.
Electricty on e tršMaija LiepaThis document summarizes the electricity consumption patterns at a secondary school and vocational college over various time periods. It shows that consumption begins to increase in the mornings when classes start and is highest during weekdays. Consumption drops on Fridays and is lowest on weekends and during summer holidays when fewer people are at the school. Charts of daily, monthly, and weekly consumption patterns demonstrate that off-hours and vacation usage remains too high. The document concludes by suggesting energy efficiency strategies like using fewer lights, controlling technology usage, and installing solar cells.
My trip to KaunasMaija LiepaI recently took a trip to Kaunas, Lithuania and brought my camera to take photos. I have compiled an album of 20 photos from my visit, including pictures of the old town area, churches, and other sights around the city. The photo album provides a glimpse into some of the highlights from my travels to Kaunas.
TransportMaija LiepaThe document summarizes the results of a survey of 50 students about their use of public transportation. Most students use cars to get to school rather than public transportation. While many students would like to get a driver's license and own a car, the document advocates using public transportation and lists its benefits. It provides statistics on how students typically commute including the time, distance, and cost of their journeys as well as the schedules of public buses. The document's goal is to promote greater use of public transportation among students.
Romanian students 20Maija Liepa- Epure Antoanela is a 15-year-old 9th grade student in Romania who enjoys spending time with family and friends and loves animals like dogs and parrots.
- Stefan Tiberiu is a 10-year-old 4th grade student in Romania who loves nature, sports, and music and has a passion for science.
- Teodora Saulea is a 17-year-old student from Romania who loves nature and biology and wants to study medicine.
V. levski burgasMaija LiepaSecondary School of Foreign Language Teaching "Vassil Levski" is a 40-year-old school located in Bourgas, Bulgaria that specializes in teaching Russian and Western languages like English, German, and French. It has over 750 students divided into 27 classes. The school has modern facilities including 15 classrooms, laboratories, and computer rooms. Teachers are well qualified and work closely with students on extracurricular activities while also participating in various local, national, and international programs.
Atmospheric pollution bulgaria, bourgasMaija LiepaThe document discusses atmospheric pollution in Burgas, Bulgaria. It identifies the main sources of pollution as motor traffic, which accounts for 90% of atmospheric pollution by emitting nitric oxides, CO2, and particulate matter daily. Firewood and coal heating also contributes fine particles, especially in the town center. The Lukoil refinery emits a wide range of pollutants from industrial processes and leaks. Urban development and dust from construction also pollute the air. To examine pollution levels, students conducted experiments using Scotch tape in different locations, finding high amounts of particulate matter. Their conclusion is that particulate matter in combination with other emissions like NO2, SO2, CO2, NH3, and VOCs are causing a
Activities v. levski burgasMaija LiepaA teacher from the Secondary School of Foreign Language Teaching “Vassil Levski” leads students in environmental and health education projects. The teacher oversees students in grades 10 and 11 who participate in initiatives like cleaning, reforestation, and national health projects. The teacher and students work as a team to support environmental and health causes.
Global warming slMaija Liepa1) Burning fossil fuels for energy production contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Deforestation also contributes.
2) Data shows rising temperatures globally and more extreme weather events like floods and storms causing major economic losses. Projections suggest worse consequences without action.
3) The EU aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 20% by 2020 and increase renewable energy and energy efficiency to limit temperature rise to under 2 degrees Celsius. Individual lifestyle changes around energy and transportation habits can help prevent worst impacts of climate change.
Energy consumption in slovenia and at etrš 1Maija LiepaSlovenia's energy consumption is characterized by its reliance on fossil fuels like oil and coal. Renewable energy accounts for only 10% of consumption while nuclear makes up 20%. The document outlines Slovenia's energy profile, including consumption patterns in a secondary school. It shows the school's electricity usage varies throughout the day and month, with higher consumption in winter months and evenings. Recommendations are provided to increase energy efficiency and utilize renewable energy sources like solar panels.
Electricty on e tršMaija LiepaThis document summarizes the electricity consumption patterns at a secondary school and vocational college over various time periods. It shows that consumption begins to increase in the mornings when classes start and is highest during weekdays. Consumption drops on Fridays and is lowest on weekends and during summer holidays when fewer people are at the school. Charts of daily, monthly, and weekly consumption patterns demonstrate that off-hours and vacation usage remains too high. The document concludes by suggesting energy efficiency strategies like using fewer lights, controlling technology usage, and installing solar cells.
5. Laukuma aprēķināšana
• Sadalot figūru daļās, līklīnijas trapeces laukums
sastāv no līklīnijas trapeces daļu laukumu summas
• Katras daļas laukums tiek risināts kā taisnstūra
laukums – pamats reiz augstuma reizinājums.
• Lai izmantotu risināšanas kārtulu Ox, intervālu (a; b)
ar punktiem sadala n daļās
a = x0 < x1< … <xn = b
7. Noteiktais integrālis
• Ja apzīmē x max xi
1 i n
un meklē
integrālsummas robežu, kad x 0, un eksistē
robeža n
lim
x 0 i 1
f i xi
• Kura nav atkarīga no intervāla (a; b) sadalījuma veida
un no punktu ξi (i = 1, 2, 3, … , n) izvēles, tad šo
robežu sauc par funkcijas f(x) noteikto integrāli
intervālā (a; b) un apzīmē b
f x dx
a
8. b n
f x dx lim
x 0 i 1
f i xi
a
x – integrācijas mainīgais
f(x) – zemintegrāļa funkcija
f(x)dx – zemintegrāļa izteiksme
a – integrācijas apakšējā robeža
b – integrācijas augšējā robeža
(a; b) – integrācijas intervāls
9. Noteiktā integrāļa īpašības
• Integrālis no divu vai vairāku funkciju summas ir
vienāds ar šo funkciju integrāļu summu.
b
f1 x f2 x ... f n x dx
a
b b b
f1 x dx f 2 x dx ... f n x dx
a a a
10. • Konstantu reizinātāju var iznest pirms integrāļa zīmes
b b
cf x dx c f x dx
a a
• Mainot vietām integrācijas robežas , mainās tikai
integrāļa zīme
b a
f x dx f x dx
a b
11. • Ja (a, b) = (a; c) (c; b), tad
b c b
f x dx f x dx f x dx
a a c
• Ja visiem x (a; b) (a < b) ir spēkā nevienādība
f(x)≥0, tad arī
b
f x dx 0
a
12. • Ja f(x) = 1, tad
b b
f x dx dx b a
a a
• Ja m min f x, M max f x un a b, tad
x a;b x a;b
b
mb a f x dx M b a
a
13. • Ja visiem x (a; b) (a < b) ir spēkā nevienādība
f1(x) f2(x), tad b b
f1 x dx f 2 x dx
a a
• Vidējās vērtības teorēma. Ja f(x) ir intervālā (a; b)
(a<b) nepārtraukta funkcija, tad eksistē tāds punkts
b
c (a; b), ka
f x dx f c a b
a
15. Integrālrēķinu pamatteorēma
• Ja funkcija f(x) ir integrējama intervālā *a; b+ un F(x) ir
funkcijas f(x) primitīvā funkcija intervālā (a; b), tad
spēkā ir sakarība
b
f x dx Fb Fa
a
Ņūtona – Leibnica formula
16. 2
1
sin 2 xdx cos 2 x 02
0
2
1 1
cos 2 cos 2 0 cos cos 0
2 2 2
1 1
1 1 2 1
2 2
17. Parciālā integrēšana
• Ja ir dotas nepārtrauktas un diferencējamas funkcijas
u=u(x) un v=v(x) intervālā [a; b], tad
d(uv)=udv+vdu
b b b
d uv udv vdu
a a a
b b
b
udv uv a vdu
a a
18. u x du dx
x sin xdx
dv sin dx v sin xdx cos x
0
x cos x 0 cos x dx cos sin x 0
19. Substitūcijas metode
• Izmanto mainīgo t ar formulu x = (t)
• A= ( ) un b = ( )
• Funkcija (t) ir nepārtraukta intervālā * ; ]
• Funkcijas (t)vērtības pieder intervālam *a; b+, ja t
[ ; ]
b
f x dx f t t dt
a
20. 7 2 2
xdx t 2 1 2tdt 1 0 t 1 x t
0 1 x 1
t t 1 2
1 x t
2 2
t 2 1 dt 1 7 t 2
2 x t 1
1
t t 2 2
2 2 dx 2tdt
1
2 t dt
1
t
21. 2 2
1 2 2 2 2 2
2 t dt 2 t ln t 1
1
t 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 t ln t 1
2 2 2 12 ln 2 2 ln 1
1
2 82 1 ln 2 2 126 ln 2 2
27. • Ir dota plaknes figūra, kuru no augšas ierobežo
intervālā nepārtrauktas funkcijas grafiks y = g(x), no
apakšas - šajā intervālā nepārtrauktas
funkcijas grafiks y = f(x), pie tam abiem grafikiem
no sāniem ir taisnes x = a un x = b.
• Meklējamais laukums S ir divu līklīnijas trapeču
laukumu starpība.
29. Līknes garuma aprēķināšana
• Līknes loka garums sastāv no līknes lokā ievilktās
lauztās līnijas nogriežņu garumiem
Pārveidojums pēc
Lagranža formulas
30. Rotācijas ķermeņa tilpums
• Rotācijas ķermeni, šķeļot ar jebkuru abscisu asij
perpendikulāru plakni, iegūst riņķi, kura rādiuss ir .
• Iegūtā šķērsgriezuma laukums
32. • Integrāļus ar galīgu integrēšanas intervālu [a; b] no
šajā intervālā nepārtrauktas funkcijas f(x) sauc par
īstajiem integrāļiem.
• Noteiktais integrālis zaudē jēgu, ja integrēšanas
intervāls ir bezgalīgs vai zemintegrāļa funkcija
integrēšanas intervālā nav ierobežota.
• Integrāļus ar bezgalīgu integrēšanas intervālu sauc
par neīstajiem integrāļiem.
33. • Pirmā veida neīstie integrāļi - integrāļi, kuriem
vismaz viena no integrēšanas robežām ir bezgalīga,
bet zemintegrāļa funkcija ir ierobežota integrēšanas
intervālā.
• Otrā veida neīstie integrāļi - integrāļi, kuriem
zemintegrāļa funkcija nav ierobežota integrēšanas
intervālā .
• Trešā veida neīstie integrāļi - integrāļi, kuriem
vismaz viena no integrēšanas robežām ir bezgalīga un
zemintegrāļa funkcija nav ierobežota integrēšanas
intervālā.
34. Pirmā veida neīstie integrāļi
b b
dx dx
I1 2
I2
1
x 1
x
b
1 1 b
I1 1 I2 ln x 1 ln b
x1 b
lim I
b
1 1 lim I
b
2
35. • Lielumam I1(b) ir noteikta
robeža I.
• Neīstais integrālis eksistē
jeb konverģē.
• Lielumam I2(b) nav
noteikta robeža I.
• Neīstais integrālis
neeksistē jeb diverģē.
36. • Integrāļa I1 (b) robežu sauc par neīsto integrāli ar
bezgalīgu augšējo integrācijas robežu jeb par pirmā
veida neīsto integrāli.
b
f x dx lim
b
f x dx
a a
37. • Funkcija y = f(x) ir
nepārtraukta intervālā [a; c).
Punktā x = c tai ir bezgalīgs
pārtraukums.
• Pēc būtības integrālis nav
definēts, bet ar pietiekami
mazu integrālis ir definēts.
• Ja 0
– lielumam I( ) ir noteikta
robeža;
– lielumam I( ) nav robežas.
38. • Ja I( ) noteikta robeža ir, tad to sauc par otrā veida
neīsto integrāli no funkcijas ar bezgalīgu pārtraukumu
intervāla galapunktā c. b b
f x dx lim
0
f x dx
a a
• Ja robeža eksistē, tad neīstais integrālis eksistē vai
konverģē.
• Ja robeža neeksistē, tad neīstais integrālis neeksistē
jeb diverģē.