A 30-year-old man presented with nausea, vomiting, and chest and back pain, and was found to have elevated cardiac enzymes and EKG changes suggestive of ischemia. Coronary angiography showed normal arteries. Cardiac MRI revealed patchy enhancement most consistent with myocarditis.
This document discusses needs assessment and its importance in developing a curriculum for health professional education. It outlines a 6-step approach to curriculum development, with the first step being problem identification and general needs assessment. This involves gathering information from various sources to understand current health needs and how the ideal curriculum could better meet the needs of learners, patients, and society. The second step is a targeted needs assessment of the specific learners, which involves determining their previous training, existing skills and deficiencies, and learning preferences. Characteristics of the learning environment must also be considered. Conducting a needs assessment in this thorough manner helps ensure the curriculum strongly links health professional education to public health needs.
This document discusses various strategies for education and learning. It begins by explaining how much memory is typically retained from different teaching methods based on research. It then discusses key terminology used in education strategies. The bulk of the document provides summaries of the strengths and weaknesses of different specific strategies, including lecture, reading, problem-based learning, learning projects, role-modeling, group discussion, demonstration, role-play, simulated patients, simulators, reflection with playback, and clinical experiences. It concludes by matching different taxonomies of learning objectives with recommended strategies and briefly discussing different types of meetings for education.
Information technology (it) itself does not facilitate your teaching东京大学医学系研究科医学教育国际研究センター
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1) IT itself does not facilitate teaching - teachers must develop effective educational content and pedagogy for IT to enhance learning.
2) The document discusses principles of e-learning including making it student-centered, problem-based, integrated and flexible. Reasons for e-learning include catering to diverse learners and advances in medicine.
3) The document outlines different types of e-learning like independent learning modules, synchronous presentations, and asynchronous discussions. Issues like motivating students, development of e-learning systems, and authoring educational content are also covered.
The document provides guidance on improving clinical teaching. It discusses the overall structure of clinical education, emphasizing active student participation and appropriate supervision. It also focuses on developing students' clinical skills like physical examinations, procedures, and communication. The document recommends methods like demonstration, observation, and practicing under responsibility. It stresses the importance of feedback and adopting styles of teaching suited for adult learners. Clinical teachers are advised to stimulate students' experiences, perceptions, social roles, self-directed needs and objectives.
1. The document discusses the use of simulated/standardized patients (SPs) in medical education. It covers what SPs are, how to plan educational sessions using SPs, how to train SPs to provide feedback, and how to recruit and maintain SPs.
2. Key aspects of planning include writing scenarios that align with educational goals, determining which skills need SP involvement, and collaborating with SPs on scenario development. Training focuses on providing timely, specific feedback using techniques like "I messages" and video playback.
3. Recruiting and maintaining SPs requires addressing issues like payment, status, leadership, and autonomous management to motivate SP involvement.
This document discusses clinical reasoning and teaching clinical reasoning. It begins with defining clinical reasoning as clarifying a patient's health problem, predicting the problem, and making decisions for intervention. It then presents a case study of a 53-year-old woman presenting with dyspnea. Next, it discusses frameworks for clinical reasoning including hypothesis generation, information gathering, evaluation and reiterating the process. It also discusses directing information gathering based on differential diagnoses. Overall, the document provides guidance on teaching and practicing clinical reasoning skills.
This document discusses values-based practice (VBP) in clinical decision making. It provides the story of the author's 94-year old aunt who was hospitalized for pneumonia and the challenges in determining her care plan. The document then outlines the key principles of VBP, which includes incorporating both scientific evidence and patient/family values and preferences. It emphasizes using communication strategies like shared decision making to develop optimal care plans that account for both medical and personal perspectives.
This document discusses values-based practice (VBP) in clinical decision making. It provides an overview of VBP, explaining that VBP focuses on both the patient's values and the professionals' values to make optimal decisions. It also discusses how VBP integrates with evidence-based practice and relates to concepts like patient-centered care. The document outlines several skills needed for VBP, such as awareness of values, reasoning that incorporates values, and communication skills. It proposes some principles for integrating science and values in clinical practice. Finally, it presents some models for teaching VBP, such as using case discussions and simulated interprofessional conferences.
This document discusses interprofessional care for the elderly in Japan. It provides statistics showing Japan's rapidly aging population and increasing life expectancy. It then describes Japan's transition to a community-based integrated care system to address the needs of elderly citizens. This system includes home nursing, rehabilitation therapists, care managers, and community support centers to coordinate care. The document also discusses changes in health care practices and family structures in Japan that impacted care for the elderly. It emphasizes the need for greater interprofessional collaboration and education among health workers to effectively support Japan's aging population.
This document discusses trends in health professions education. It covers topics such as outcome-based education, professionalism, learning through simulation, interprofessional education, and community-based medical education. Specifically, it outlines the goals of outcome-based education including balancing knowledge, skills, and attitudes. It provides examples of competency frameworks from organizations like ACGME. The document also discusses the importance of professionalism in medicine given changing public expectations. Additional sections cover how simulation can enhance learning and the benefits of interprofessional education and community-based training to better meet community health needs.
The document discusses different frameworks for leadership including situational leadership theory and approaches for team-oriented leadership. It also provides examples of how to apply the leadership frameworks in various healthcare contexts such as establishing a new teaching hospital. Effective leadership requires assessing the situation and matching the appropriate leadership style to the readiness of the followers.
The document discusses project management and the logical framework (logframe) approach. It begins with definitions of a project and logic model. It then covers the key components of the logframe including goals, objectives, outputs, activities, inputs, and assumptions. It explains how the logframe can be used for project planning, design, implementation, and evaluation. Specifically, it outlines how stakeholder analysis, problem analysis, and objective analysis feed into the development of the logframe. It also discusses establishing indicators, means of verification, and developing activity schedules and budgets for project management.
This document provides an overview of programme evaluation, including definitions, objectives, common designs, data used, and differences between research and evaluation. Programme evaluation is defined as a systematic process of gathering evidence to inform judgements about whether a programme is meeting its goals and how it can be improved. Key points include:
- Formative and summative evaluations have different objectives related to programme development and decision-making.
- Common designs include pre-post tests with or without control groups, and both quantitative and qualitative data are important.
- Internal and external evaluations have advantages and limitations.
- Kirkpatrick's model outlines levels of evaluating training from reactions to outcomes.
- Management-oriented approaches like CIPP model focus
03 Educational strategies and learning in health professions education东京大学医学系研究科医学教育国际研究センター
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This document discusses various strategies for education and learning. It begins by defining key terms like educational strategy and lecture. It then discusses different learning strategies like reading, lectures, problem-based learning, learning projects, role modeling, group discussion, demonstrations, role-plays, simulated patients, simulators, reflection with playback, clinical experiences, and meetings for education. For each strategy, it outlines their strengths and weaknesses. It concludes by asking the reader to determine which strategies are best suited for different taxonomies of learning including knowledge, problem-solving, attitude, skills, and behavior.
This document discusses key considerations for implementing a new curriculum: identifying necessary resources like human resources, time, facilities, equipment and money; gaining support from administration and avoiding potential barriers; and carrying out an effective introduction process. The implementation process may involve piloting the curriculum with a subset of students, a phased rollout, or a full rollout along with summative assessment. An example is given of implementing a community attachment program at the University of Tokyo, where government funding supported a pilot phase and administrative resources allowed for student placements.
The document discusses various methods for assessing learners, including formative and summative assessments, and highlights the importance of balancing reliability, validity, cost and authenticity when selecting assessment tools. It compares methods for assessing different domains like knowledge, skills, problem-solving and attitudes. Taxonomies are useful for classifying learning objectives and selecting appropriate assessment methods matched to the level of learning.
This document provides background information on curriculum development in medical education. It discusses the goals of medical education including balancing basic sciences, clinical studies, and practice while focusing on problem-solving. It outlines the educational system and medical career path in Japan. It then describes the major changes in medical education curricula over time from apprenticeship to integrated, problem-based models. Finally, it discusses outcome-based education frameworks and examples, as well as quality assurance and accreditation systems in Japan.
1. The document discusses several learning theories that are relevant to clinical teaching, including adult learning theory, social learning theory, situated learning theory, and reflective practice.
2. It emphasizes that adult learners are more self-directed and learn better when new information is connected to their experiences. Clinical teachers should facilitate internal motivation and self-directed learning.
3. Social learning theory and the concept of "communities of practice" are discussed, highlighting how learners observe role models and learn from participating in authentic tasks and discussions with experts.
4. Situated and reflective learning theories suggest learning is most effective when learners can actively participate in real clinical scenarios and reflect on their experiences individually and through group discussions.
The document discusses international cooperation for health professions education. It outlines the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which aimed to reduce poverty, improve health, and promote gender equality by 2015. Specific health-related MDG targets included reducing child and maternal mortality. Common themes for international cooperation projects included infectious diseases, maternal and child health, and developing new human resource programs. The document discusses approaches like focusing on specific issues (vertical) or strengthening overall health systems (horizontal). It also discusses universal health coverage, the relationship between education and human resource development, and ensuring health professions education adapts to changing needs.
狠狠撸s focused on the essence of Japanese health care system for the elderly.and how to teach it. Community-based integrated care system is the core content.
15. 個別目標の記載
? いつまでに 誰が 何を どの程度 するようになる
(Who will do how much of what by when?)
? 1年前期の試験期間までに,全ての1年次生は,
患者さんと病棟で話すときに注意すべき点につ
いて,口頭試問において70点がとれるレベルで
言えるようになる.
? 1週間の採血実習終了時までに,全ての医学生は
学生間の採血において,チェックリスト上で
80%以上の点数がとれるような採血手技を,指
導者の前で実施できる.
15