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в декабре 2015 года и остатков на конец года
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Направления использования денежных средств в декабре 2015 года и остатков на ...direkciyaDOgMНаправления использования денежных средств
в декабре 2015 года и остатков на конец года
Порядок определения видов особо ценного движимого имущества учреждений, под...direkciyaDOgMПорядок определения видов особо ценного движимого имущества учреждений, подведомственных Департаменту образования города Москвы
Krasilnikov global soil securityLandDegradationThe document discusses land degradation and soil security in Eurasia. While Northern Eurasia was previously considered stable, soil degradation is active in Russia, driven by natural and socioeconomic factors like water erosion, salinity, stoniness, desertification, and low organic carbon content. The costs of land degradation in Russia from 2002-2010 were estimated at $189 billion annually or 16% of GDP. Taking action to address degradation costs $694 billion over 6 years but inaction costs $1.69 trillion. Addressing degradation requires improved management practices, education, investment, research, and information to establish the economic value of soils and ecosystem services.
StrokobLandDegradationThis document summarizes a study that evaluated the costs of action versus inaction for land degradation in the Azov district of Russia. It used the total economic value approach to estimate the value of ecosystem services for orchards and cropland. Based on surveys of ecosystem service coefficients from Russia and China, the total economic value of orchards was estimated to range from $1681 to $8004 per hectare, compared to $550 for cropland. Factoring in establishment and maintenance costs of restoring orchards, the cost of action over 20 years was estimated to be lower than the cost of inaction due to land degradation in all scenarios except when using market prices for orchards.
Vol vi-weingartenLandDegradation1. Agriculture in Germany has negatively impacted the environment, especially through water pollution from nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus and from pesticides. Nitrogen surpluses on farms have declined but remain an issue.
2. German and EU policies have aimed to reduce agriculture's impacts on soil and water through various policy tools, like taxes, subsidies, and regulations. Legislation sets standards for issues like manure spreading and animal densities.
3. Detection of pollutants in water has improved, finding issues that were previously unnoticed. Over a third of water samples had nitrate levels under recommended limits, but some areas had concentrations exceeding drinking water standards due to intensive agriculture.
The global impact of soilLandDegradationThis document analyzes 179 field studies from 37 countries that examined the relationship between soil erosion and agricultural productivity. It finds that soil erosion negatively impacts crop yields, but the severity of impact varies significantly depending on factors like crop type, location, soil type, and land management practices. Studies using measurements of past erosion generally found smaller yield losses per unit of soil loss than studies examining the effects of present erosion, possibly because present erosion studies also captured the effects of variable management practices. The analysis calculates absolute and relative yield losses for major crops in different regions and soil types to assess the global impact of erosion on productivity. It concludes that inappropriate land management can greatly amplify the effects of erosion on yields.
Oliver kirui eld ppt - 20141204LandDegradation- Land degradation is a serious problem across Eastern Africa, with over 20% of land degraded in Kenya and Ethiopia, over 40% in Malawi, and over 50% in Tanzania according to NDVI decline measures. Major drivers of degradation include expansion of cropland and unsustainable agricultural practices.
- Adoption of sustainable land management practices is low, ranging from 68% of plots in Malawi to 85% in Ethiopia and Tanzania. Use of multiple practices is also limited.
- Logit, multivariate probit, and Poisson regression models find that factors like temperature, rainfall, elevation, soil type, household demographics, education, land tenure, extension access, and credit access influence adoption and intensity
Dubovyk defense zef_04122014_eldLandDegradationThis study analyzed land degradation of irrigated cropland in northern Uzbekistan using satellite remote sensing at multiple scales. At the regional scale, 23% (94,835 ha) of irrigated cropland showed degradation trends over time. Finer scale mapping using Landsat imagery found 18% (52,938 ha) of fields had decreased vegetation cover between 1998 and 2009, including 17% that became fallow. The results were 93% consistent between scales and can inform policies for rehabilitating degraded fields through sustainable land use practices. Further validation is needed to refine the approaches.
Document new es accountingLandDegradationThis document discusses key challenges in developing ecosystem accounts that integrate ecosystem services and capital into national accounts. It identifies four main challenges: 1) defining ecosystem services in an accounting context, 2) allocating services to institutional sectors, 3) treating ecosystem degradation and rehabilitation, and 4) valuing services consistently with national accounting principles. The document analyzes different perspectives on these challenges and proposes a consistent conceptual approach to address them, including recognizing that ecosystems are influenced by humans and recording some services as contributions by private landowners or a new "Ecosystems" sector.
Document new es - mapping 2015LandDegradationThis document discusses mapping monetary values of ecosystem services to support developing ecosystem accounts. It presents a case study valuing and mapping seven ecosystem services in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, including provisioning services like timber, oil palm, and rice, as well as regulating and cultural services. Two valuation methods consistent with accounting are used: resource rent and cost-based approaches. The spatial analysis of ecosystem service values can help inform land use planning by analyzing value trade-offs from land conversion.
Djanibekov econ modelling ldLandDegradationThis document discusses the use of mathematical programming models to analyze issues related to land degradation. It provides an overview of previous studies that have used optimization models to simulate the effects of land use and policy decisions on soil erosion, poverty, and sustainable land management. The document then describes a specific modeling approach being used by the author to analyze the costs and benefits of afforestation on marginal croplands in Uzbekistan under conditions of uncertainty. The model analyzes land use at the field, farm, and rural household level to understand the impacts of afforestation policies on livelihoods. Preliminary results suggest afforestation can increase farm profits but additional incentives may be needed due to revenue variability, and that land use policies can indirectly
4115 soils, water and biodiversity in germanyLandDegradationThis document discusses the threats that urban sprawl and landscape fragmentation pose to biodiversity. As more land is used for settlements and transport infrastructure, habitat for wildlife is lost and remaining open spaces become isolated fragments. Linear developments like roads divide the landscape, creating barriers that many species cannot cross. This leads to declining and locally extinct populations as habitats are destroyed and species lose genetic diversity. Efforts are needed to curb urban sprawl and mitigate the isolating effects of infrastructure on wildlife habitats and populations.
4115 soils, water and biodiversity in germanyLandDegradation
протокол1 16
1. Протокол № __1___
От __14.01.2016_г.
Заседание лаборатории экономики деградации земель.
Председатель: Макаров О.А.
Секретарь: Ермияев Я.Р.
Присутствовали: Макаров О.А., Красильников П.В., Молчанов Э.Н., Строков А.С.,
Евдокимова М.В., Шишконакова Е.А., Цветнов Е.В., Сорокин А.С., Ермияев Я.Р.
1. Слушали:
«Информация о годовом отчете 2015 г.» - д.б.н. Красильников П.В.
Выступили:
Макаров О.А. – Какова ситуация с финансовым годовым отчетом?
2. Слушали:
«Научно-организационный план исследований по Проекту (участки, регионы,
необходимые финансовые и аналитические ресурсы, производственные командировки,
индивидуальные планы) в 2016 году» - д.б.н. Макаров О.А.
Выступили:
Красильников П.В. – Необходимо всем участникам Проекта прислать свои
предложения по публикациям в 2016 году.
Цветнов Е.В. – Необходимо организацию второго открытого семинара
лаборатории, молодёжной конференции и учёбы по методологии
экономической оценки деградации земель начать в ближайшее время.
3. Слушали:
«Информация о планах по участию в конференциях в 2016 году» - Ермияев Е.Р.
Выступили:
Красильников П.В. – Необходимо связаться с организаторами конференции в
Малайзии и уточнить сроки регистрации.
Постановили:
1. На основании доклада Макарова О.А. назначить ответственных исполнителей за
проведение отдельных направлений работ по Проекту.
2. Ответственным исполнителям в месячный срок (до 15 февраля 2016 года) подготовить
Планы работ по своим разделам.
3. Особое внимание уделить подготовке публикаций по теме Проекта.
4. Утвердить индивидуальные планы работы сотрудников Лаборатории экономики
деградации земель и членов ВТК в 2016 г.
Председатель ______________ Макаров О.А.
(подпись) (Ф.И.О.)
Секретарь _____________ _ Ермияев Я.Р.
(подпись) (Ф.И.О.)