3. 佛陀在治療室的影響
Belinda Siew Luan Khong Ph. D.
Aug. 2001 SF 會議
? Mindfulness makes it possible for therapists to listen not only to the
client, but also to their own state of mind–
正念使治療師不僅能夠傾聽來訪者 // 顧客的故事,還能
傾聽自己的心態—
? that is to be constantly aware of the murmurings in their minds and not
allow this internal dialogue to impede their openness.
那就是不斷意識到他們心中的抱怨,不要讓這種內在對
話阻礙他們的開放。
? Concentration and mindfulness practices equip the therapist with the
skills and mental discipline to quieten the mind and to focus.
專注和正念練習使治療師具備平靜心和集中註意力的技
能和精神紀律。
4. ? Mindfulness practice does not require the emptying of the mind or the
setting aside or suppression of thoughts.
正念練習不需要清空心,也不需要擱置或壓抑思想。
? Rather it permits us to be constantly aware of the workings and the
contents of the mind so as not to allow them to interfere with our
ability to listen quietly.
相反,它使我們能夠不斷地意識到心的運作和內容,以
免它們幹擾我們安靜聆聽的能力。
? The clients can learn to isolate the issues for themselves and then deal
with them holistically with the help of the therapist.
來訪者 // 顧客可以學會自己隔離問題,然後在治療師的
幫助下整體解決問題。
5. ? In psychotherapy, the means of helping therapists to cultivate this kind
of attitude is currently lacking.
在心理治療中,目前缺乏幫助治療師培養這種態度的方
法。
? This kind of open-mindedness allows health-care professionals to learn
to accept uncertainty,
這種開放的心態讓醫療保健專業人員學會接受不確定性,
? see each situation afresh, 重新審視每一種情況,
? set aside preconceived notions and theories about clients’ problems,
拋開有關客戶問題的先入為主的觀念和理論,
? and “cures,” and respond appropriately to the demands of each
moment.
和「治愈」並對每個時刻的需求做出適當的反應。
6. 心理治療技術
? The aim of CBT (cognitive-behavioral therapy) is to change irrational
thinking into more rational thinking (Burns, 1980; Rapee 1998).
CBT 「認知行為療法」的目的是將非理性思維轉變為更
理性思維。
? REBT (rational-emotive-behavior therapy) is concerned with changing
irrational cognitions into more rational ones “through a process of
internal dialogue and through changing one’s feelings and behaviors.”
REBT 「理性情緒行為療法」關注的是「透過內在對話
的過程以及改變一個人的感受和行為」將非理性認知轉
變為更理性的認知。
7. 心理治療技術
? Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a type of talk therapy for people
who experience emotions very intensely (mindfulness, distress
tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and emotional regulation).
辯證行為療法( DBT )是一種談話療法,適用於那些經
歷非常強烈的情緒(包括:正念、痛苦耐受性、人際交
往效率和情緒調節)的人。
? 一般心理治療技術都以正念來輔導病人。
9. Part One-–Who Are You Really?
第一部分 -- 你到底是誰?
1. Nobility: Our Original Goodness 高貴:我們最初的善良
2. Holding the World in Kindness: A Psychology of Compassion
以仁慈擁抱世界:悲悶心理學
3. Who Looks in the Mirror? The Nature of Consciousness
誰照鏡子?意識的本質
4. The Colorings of Consciousness 意識的色彩
5. The Mysterious Illusion of Self 神秘的自我幻象
6. From the Universal to the Personal: A Psychology of Paradox
從普遍到個人:悖論心理學
10. 佛教心理學原則
第一原則:
o“See the inner nobility and beauty of all human beings.”
「看到所有人內在的高貴和美麗。」
第二原則:
o「悲憫是我們最深的本性。它源自於我們與萬物的相互聯繫 」。
第三原則:
o「 當我們將注意力從經驗轉移到廣闊的意識時,智慧就會出現
。」
第四原則:
o「 認識充滿意識的心狀態。從不健康狀態轉向健康狀態。」
11. Chapter Five: The Colorings of Consciousness
第五章: 意識的色彩
佛教心理學第五原則: .
o「 Our ideas of self created by identification. The
less we cling to ideas of self, the freer and happier
we will be. 」
我們的自我觀念是透過認同而創造的。我們越少執
著於自我觀念,我們就會越自由、越快樂。
12. oWe create a sense of self whenever we identify with our body, our
mind, our beliefs, our roles, our situation in life.
每當我們認同我們的身體、我們的思想、我們的信仰、
我們的角色、我們的生活處境時,我們就會創造一種自
我意識。
oThis identification happens unconsciously whenever we hold our
feelings, thoughts, and perceptions as me or mine.
每當我們將自己的感受、念頭和想視為「我」或「我
的」時,這種認同就會在無意識中發生。
oThe sense of self can be created in healthy and unhealthy ways.
自我意識可以透過健康和不健康的方式來創造。
13. oIn Buddhist training, we inquire into the very notion of identification,
asking who we are in the midst of all these roles.
在佛教訓練中,我們探討認同的概念,並詢問我們在所
有這些角色中是誰。
oWe find the layers of identity opening and dropping away or dissolving
gradually through the practice of mindfulness.
我們發現,透過正念練習,身分的層次逐漸開放、 掉落
或消失。
oWhat we take to be a self is tentative, fictitious constructed by
clinging, a temporary identification with some parts of experience.
我們所認為的自我是暫時的、虛構的,是透過執著、對
某些經驗的暫時認同而建構的。
14. The Buddha 佛陀
oThese things which are constantly changing, can we call them the self?
這些不斷變化的東西,我們能稱之為「自我」嗎?
oAre the changing sense experiences of the body the self?
身體不斷變化的感官體驗是自我嗎?
oAre the changing feelings and perceptions the self?
變化的感受和想是自我嗎?
oAre the changing thoughts and mental formations the self?
變化的念頭和行是我嗎?
oAre the changing states of consciousness to be grasped as self?
不斷變化的意識狀態是否可以被理解為「自我」?
oAll of these are selfless. 這一切都是無我的。
15. Vignette--Mitch
簡介短文
oAt 4 years old, his gambler father left.
4 歲時,他的賭徒父親離開了。
oHis stepfather physically and sexually abused the three of them.
他的繼父對他們三人進行身體虐待和性虐待。
oUse drugs to numb his pain in high school.
在高中時用藥物來麻痺他的痛苦。
oHis older sister had been in and out of the mental hospital.
他的姊姊曾經出入精神病院。
oHe graduated from college and became a software engineer.
他大學畢業並成為軟體工程師。
oHe was married with two children.
他已婚並育有兩個孩子。
16. oHe went to a few retreats and reflected on his roles as an engineer, a
father, a husband.
他參加了幾次靜修活動,反思了自己作為工程師、父親
和丈夫的角色。
oHe was hurt and became frightened.
他感受傷了並且感到害怕。
oHe noticed shock, vulnerability, helplessness, fear, and anger when he
was 8 years old.
8 歲時,他注意到了震驚、脆弱、無助、恐懼和憤怒。
oHe was able to step back and witness these feelings with mindfulness.
他能夠退後一步,用正念見證這些感受。
oHe learned to open to each experience without resistance or
identification.
他學會了對每一次經歷敞開心扉,不帶抵抗或認同。
18. oBuddhist psychology offers a path to the discovery of selflessness, a
sense of self is created moment by moment.
佛教心理學提供了一條發現無我的道路,自我意識時時
刻刻被創造出來。
oThen it dissolves identification and shows the joyful openness which
exists beyond the self.
然後它消除了認同,並展現了超越自我的快樂的開放性。
19. Western Psychology 西方心理學
Ego: Theoretical Use
自我:理論運用
? Used to describe the necessary organizing
function of the mind. Regulates energies from
superego (conditioned beliefs) and id
(unconditioned drives).
用於描述大腦必要的組織功能。調
節來自超我(條件信念)和本我
(無意識驅力)的能量。
? There can be a healthy ego or a fragile, need
ego.
可以有一個健康的自我,也可以有
一個脆弱、貧窮的自我。
健康的自我意識
? Functional ability to direct life, deal
with frustrations, marshal resources,
cope with conflict, work, love, create,
and care for self and others.
? 指導生活、處理挫折、調動資源、
應對衝突、工作、愛、創造、照顧
自己和他人的功能能力。
21. oNot-self: our uniqueness remains, but without self-centered grasping and
fear.
無我:我們的獨特性仍然存在,但沒有以自我為中心的執
著和恐懼。
oWe discover that our identity is more tentative, fluid like a river, each
moment born anew.
我們發現我們的身份更加不確定,像河流一樣流動,每時
每刻都煥然一新。
人生:
oWisdom says we are nothing. 智慧說我們什麼都不是。
oLove says we are everything. 愛說我們就是一切。
oBetween these two, our life flows. 我們的生活在這兩者之間流動。
22. oWe can study identification directly by examining the many roles life
gives us to play.
我們可以透過檢視生活賦予我們扮演的許多角色來直接
研究認同。
oEach role arises due to circumstances and conditions.
每個角色的產生都是由於環境和條件而產生的。
oTo be wise we need to be able to enter each role fully, with awareness
and compassion,
為了變得明智,我們需要能夠充分進入每個角色,帶著
意識和同情心,
oand to let it go when our part is done.
當我們完成我們的部分後就放手吧。
23. oWe also create self-image. Why?
我們也創造自我形象。為什麼?
oDo I look intelligent, attractive, strong?
我看起來聰明、有魅力、堅強嗎?
oWe worry because we feel the opposite qualities in ourselves.
我們擔心是因為我們感覺到自己身上有相反的特質。
oWhen we release our grasping of self-image there is a huge relief, and
the world opens itself to us again.
當我們釋放對自我形象的執著時,就會有一種巨大的解
脫,世界再次向我們敞開。
24. oAnother way we create identity is seeing ourself as a member of a
particular ethnic group, religion, tribe, caste, and class.
我們創造身分的另一種方式是將自己視為特定種族、宗
教、部落、種姓和階級的成員。
oIn healthy ways, we honor our culture, to awaken dignity and respect,
to value our deep connection with others like ourselves.
我們以健康的方式尊重我們的文化,喚醒尊嚴和尊重,
並重視我們與其他像我們一樣的人的深厚聯繫。
oBut these same distinctions can be used for racist and discriminatory
purposes, creating enormous suffering.
但這些差異也可能被用於種族主義和歧視目的,造成巨
大痛苦。
26. Vignette-Katherine
簡介短文
oShe suffered years of depression. 她患有多年的憂鬱症。
oShe worried about selflessness, “Who will I be if I lose myself?”
她擔心無我 (不明白),「如果我失去了自己,我會是
誰?」
o“How will I operate in the world?”
「我將如何在這個世界上運作?」
oShe was told to relax and stay present with compassion.
她被告知要放鬆並保持同情心。
oAt the end of the retreat, she said: 在靜修結束時,她說:
o“I felt so liberated, so light, so free.”
「我感到如此自由、如此輕鬆、如此自由。」
27. oLike Katherine, we fear the loss of ourself.
像 Katherine 一樣,我們害怕失去自己。
oBut the reality turns out to be quite different and perfectly safe.
但事實證明,情況完全不同,而且完全安全。
oWe relax and discover we can let go of the false sense of self created
by identification.
我們放鬆下來,發現我們可以擺脫因認同而產生的錯誤
的自我意識。
oDipa Ma, “In my mind are only three things: loving-kindness,
concentration, and peace.”
Dipa Ma: 「 我心中只有三狀態:慈心、定、平靜。 」