The document summarizes information about HIV/AIDS, including:
1. It describes what HIV is, how it attacks and destroys the immune system, and some of the infections and cancers it can lead to.
2. It explains how HIV looks under an electron microscope and some of its key characteristics and proteins.
3. It provides statistics on HIV prevalence around the world, noting that over 36 million people have HIV globally, with sub-Saharan Africa being most affected.
The Philippine educational system has undergone several changes throughout history to meet the needs of society. During the pre-Spanish era, education was informal and focused on vocational skills. Under Spanish colonization, religious instruction became the focus and education expanded but remained limited. The American regime established a public school system using English and expanded access to education. The Japanese occupation emphasized character education and love of work. Today, the Department of Education oversees basic education while the Commission on Higher Education and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority oversee tertiary education and vocational programs respectively.
Dr. William Fay, operating his orthodontics practice in Southern San Francisco and American Canyon, utilizes forestadent self-litigating clear ceramic brackets. These modern braces reduce discomfort and treatment duration due to less friction compared to traditional methods, making them appealing for patients of all ages. The advances in orthodontic technology aim to alleviate the frustrations commonly associated with braces.
Botswana has been combating one of the highest HIV/AIDS infection rates globally, with a reported 37.3% prevalence among its 15-49 age group as of end-2003. Major progress has been made through public education campaigns and national surveys. Initiatives like 'Youth Alive!' focus on prevention through education, while home-based care programs support children orphaned by AIDS.
This document provides information about HIV/AIDS, including its causes, symptoms, testing, treatment and prevention. It defines HIV as the virus that causes AIDS, with HIV being the infectious stage and AIDS being the late stage disease. Some key points include:
- HIV attacks CD4 cells and progresses from acute infection to asymptomatic infection to AIDS without treatment
- Common symptoms of AIDS include opportunistic infections like PCP, tuberculosis, and cancers like Kaposi's sarcoma
- Screening and confirmatory tests are used to diagnose HIV, and treatment involves antiretroviral drugs as lifelong therapy
- Prevention methods include safe sex practices, needle exchange, blood safety, and antiretroviral treatment of infected
The document summarizes the history and biology of HIV/AIDS. It describes how HIV/AIDS was initially recognized in the 1980s due to cases of rare opportunistic infections and cancers in homosexual men. Scientific research eventually identified HIV as the causative infectious retrovirus, which targets and destroys CD4+ T cells, leading to immunosuppression and AIDS if untreated. The global epidemic of HIV/AIDS was also discussed.
This document discusses microorganisms and HIV/AIDS. It defines microorganisms as tiny organisms that usually require a microscope to see. It explains that HIV is a retrovirus that invades T cells and replicates, causing AIDS once the immune system is severely weakened. The four stages of HIV are also outlined, from initial infection to AIDS diagnosis when opportunistic infections take hold due to very low CD4 counts.
This document provides a template for project proposals to be submitted to the Haiti Emergency Relief Response Fund (ERRF). The template outlines the information that should be included in proposals, such as: contact details for the organization and project manager; a summary of the project title, location, duration and budget; the problem the project intends to address; measurable objectives and indicators for addressing the problem; and a description of the proposed activities and expected results. Proposals should provide context on the targeted population and area, and demonstrate coordination with other relevant clusters and projects. Examples are given of how to write objectives and indicators for projects addressing issues like water access, malnutrition, and non-food item distribution.
This document discusses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It covers the definition, classification, structure, pathogenesis and transmission of HIV. It also describes the oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS, including oral candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplakia, Kaposi's sarcoma and periodontal diseases. The management of oral diseases in HIV/AIDS patients is discussed, along with diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS. Infection control procedures for treating AIDS patients in dental offices are also summarized.
Here are three more potential causes of paralysis in patients with AIDS:
- Cryptococcal meningitis: The most common fungal infection of the CNS in AIDS patients. Can cause increased intracranial pressure, cranial neuropathies, and spinal cord compression.
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML): Caused by JC virus reactivation in AIDS patients. Presents with cognitive impairment, visual changes, and sometimes motor deficits. MRI often shows multifocal white matter lesions.
- Vacuolar myelopathy: Caused by HIV itself. Presents with spastic paraparesis. MRI may show T2 hyperintensities in the lateral and posterior columns of the spinal cord. Treat
oppurtunistic infection in HIV/AIDS AND IRISBhupendra Shah
?
HIV can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by destroying CD4 cells. When CD4 cell counts drop below certain levels, opportunistic infections (OIs) like Pneumocystis pneumonia or tuberculosis can occur. Starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) can sometimes cause immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), where the immune system's recovery causes inflammation and worsening of symptoms from a pre-existing OI. IRIS is managed by continuing ART alongside anti-inflammatory drugs.
Identification of AIDS? And what is HIV infection and mode of transmission?Hassan Shaker
?
The document provides a comprehensive overview of HIV infection, including the classification and characteristics of viruses, the stages and clinical features of HIV infection and AIDS, and methods for diagnosis and management. It emphasizes that while there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, treatment options are available to control the virus, and discusses preventive measures against transmission. The content also touches on the life cycle of HIV and the implications of the infection on the immune system.
This document discusses HIV and opportunistic infections. It begins by defining HIV as a retrovirus that infects and destroys CD4+ T cells, leading to AIDS. It then lists some common opportunistic infections seen in patients with HIV/AIDS like Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, mycobacterial infections, cryptococcosis, and viral infections caused by herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus. It provides details of pharmacological treatments for various opportunistic infections with drugs like trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, pentamidine, azithromycin, clarithromycin, fluconazole, acyclovir,
The Philippine educational system has undergone several changes throughout history to meet the needs of society. During the pre-Spanish era, education was informal and focused on vocational skills. Under Spanish colonization, religious instruction became the focus and education expanded but remained limited. The American regime established a public school system using English and expanded access to education. The Japanese occupation emphasized character education and love of work. Today, the Department of Education oversees basic education while the Commission on Higher Education and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority oversee tertiary education and vocational programs respectively.
Dr. William Fay, operating his orthodontics practice in Southern San Francisco and American Canyon, utilizes forestadent self-litigating clear ceramic brackets. These modern braces reduce discomfort and treatment duration due to less friction compared to traditional methods, making them appealing for patients of all ages. The advances in orthodontic technology aim to alleviate the frustrations commonly associated with braces.
Botswana has been combating one of the highest HIV/AIDS infection rates globally, with a reported 37.3% prevalence among its 15-49 age group as of end-2003. Major progress has been made through public education campaigns and national surveys. Initiatives like 'Youth Alive!' focus on prevention through education, while home-based care programs support children orphaned by AIDS.
This document provides information about HIV/AIDS, including its causes, symptoms, testing, treatment and prevention. It defines HIV as the virus that causes AIDS, with HIV being the infectious stage and AIDS being the late stage disease. Some key points include:
- HIV attacks CD4 cells and progresses from acute infection to asymptomatic infection to AIDS without treatment
- Common symptoms of AIDS include opportunistic infections like PCP, tuberculosis, and cancers like Kaposi's sarcoma
- Screening and confirmatory tests are used to diagnose HIV, and treatment involves antiretroviral drugs as lifelong therapy
- Prevention methods include safe sex practices, needle exchange, blood safety, and antiretroviral treatment of infected
The document summarizes the history and biology of HIV/AIDS. It describes how HIV/AIDS was initially recognized in the 1980s due to cases of rare opportunistic infections and cancers in homosexual men. Scientific research eventually identified HIV as the causative infectious retrovirus, which targets and destroys CD4+ T cells, leading to immunosuppression and AIDS if untreated. The global epidemic of HIV/AIDS was also discussed.
This document discusses microorganisms and HIV/AIDS. It defines microorganisms as tiny organisms that usually require a microscope to see. It explains that HIV is a retrovirus that invades T cells and replicates, causing AIDS once the immune system is severely weakened. The four stages of HIV are also outlined, from initial infection to AIDS diagnosis when opportunistic infections take hold due to very low CD4 counts.
This document provides a template for project proposals to be submitted to the Haiti Emergency Relief Response Fund (ERRF). The template outlines the information that should be included in proposals, such as: contact details for the organization and project manager; a summary of the project title, location, duration and budget; the problem the project intends to address; measurable objectives and indicators for addressing the problem; and a description of the proposed activities and expected results. Proposals should provide context on the targeted population and area, and demonstrate coordination with other relevant clusters and projects. Examples are given of how to write objectives and indicators for projects addressing issues like water access, malnutrition, and non-food item distribution.
This document discusses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It covers the definition, classification, structure, pathogenesis and transmission of HIV. It also describes the oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS, including oral candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplakia, Kaposi's sarcoma and periodontal diseases. The management of oral diseases in HIV/AIDS patients is discussed, along with diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS. Infection control procedures for treating AIDS patients in dental offices are also summarized.
Here are three more potential causes of paralysis in patients with AIDS:
- Cryptococcal meningitis: The most common fungal infection of the CNS in AIDS patients. Can cause increased intracranial pressure, cranial neuropathies, and spinal cord compression.
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML): Caused by JC virus reactivation in AIDS patients. Presents with cognitive impairment, visual changes, and sometimes motor deficits. MRI often shows multifocal white matter lesions.
- Vacuolar myelopathy: Caused by HIV itself. Presents with spastic paraparesis. MRI may show T2 hyperintensities in the lateral and posterior columns of the spinal cord. Treat
oppurtunistic infection in HIV/AIDS AND IRISBhupendra Shah
?
HIV can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by destroying CD4 cells. When CD4 cell counts drop below certain levels, opportunistic infections (OIs) like Pneumocystis pneumonia or tuberculosis can occur. Starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) can sometimes cause immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), where the immune system's recovery causes inflammation and worsening of symptoms from a pre-existing OI. IRIS is managed by continuing ART alongside anti-inflammatory drugs.
Identification of AIDS? And what is HIV infection and mode of transmission?Hassan Shaker
?
The document provides a comprehensive overview of HIV infection, including the classification and characteristics of viruses, the stages and clinical features of HIV infection and AIDS, and methods for diagnosis and management. It emphasizes that while there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, treatment options are available to control the virus, and discusses preventive measures against transmission. The content also touches on the life cycle of HIV and the implications of the infection on the immune system.
This document discusses HIV and opportunistic infections. It begins by defining HIV as a retrovirus that infects and destroys CD4+ T cells, leading to AIDS. It then lists some common opportunistic infections seen in patients with HIV/AIDS like Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, mycobacterial infections, cryptococcosis, and viral infections caused by herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus. It provides details of pharmacological treatments for various opportunistic infections with drugs like trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, pentamidine, azithromycin, clarithromycin, fluconazole, acyclovir,
本期《心律不整快訊》介紹了Taipei Veterans General Hospital引進的mediguide系統,這是亞洲首台導引科技系統,能有效減少心臟電生理手術中的放射線暴露。雜誌還探討了心臟可植入式電子裝置感染的預防與處置,強調感染率隨著手術普及而上升的問題並提供相應的診斷與治療建議。醫學進步和相關經驗分享旨在提升會員的專業知識和技能。
1. Special Report on 2014 World AIDS Day
2014 世界愛滋病日特別報告
Current Situation of HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Taiwan
and Its Prevention and Control Policy
台灣地區愛滋病流行現況及其因應之道
2. 2014 World AIDS Day
世界愛滋病日
Close the gap
(ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030)
關閉鴻溝
Zero Discrimination
零歧視
Zero Increase (of HIV Infection)
零增加
Zero (AIDS-related) Death
零死亡
3. 愛滋病(AIDS)的全
名為
後天免疫缺乏症候群
Acquired
Immuno-deficiency
Syndrome
?是由
人類免疫缺乏病毒
Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus
HIV
(俗稱愛滋病病毒)
所引起的疾病。
6. Table 64-4. Transmission of HIV Infection
Routes Specific Transmission
Known Routes of Transmission
Inoculation in blood Transfusion of blood and blood products
Needle sharing among intravenous drug abusers
Needlestick, open wound, and mucous
membrane exposure in health care workers
Tattoo needles
Sexual transmission Anal and vaginal intercourse
Perinatal transmission Intrauterine transmission
Peripartum transmission
Breast milk
Routes Not Involved in Transmission
Close personal contact Household member
Health care workers not exposed to blood
7. Adults and children estimated to be living with HIV ? 2011
Western &
Central Europe
900 000
Eastern Europe
& Central Asia
1.4 million
[1.1 million – 1.8
[830 000 – 100 000]
Middle East & North
Africa
300 000
[250 000 – 360 000]
million]
Sub-Saharan Africa
23.5 million
[22.1 million – 24.8
million]
East Asia
830 000
[590 000 – 1.2 million]
South & South-East
Asia
4.0 million
[3.1 million – 4.6 million]
Oceania
53 000
[47 000 – 60 000]
North America
1.4 million
[1.1 million – 2.0 million]
Caribbean
230 000
[200 000 – 250 000]
Central &
South America
1.5 million
[1.2 million – 1.7
million]
Total: 34.0 million [31.4 million – 35.9 million]
16. Harm Reduction Program (減害計畫) in Taiwan
?Education, counseling, and anonymous testing
program (ECAP)
?Needle-Syringe program (NSP)
?Methadone maintenance program (MMP)
Pilot program started at
Nov. 2005 at four
cities/counties
Nationwide program:
Aug 2006-till now
18. AIDS education in detention centres and prisons
Pilot Nationwide harm-reduction programmes
Figure: Effectiveness of AIDS education and harm-reduction programmes in Taiwan.
Lyu, Su and Chen., Lancet 2012; Feb issue.
26. A Study on Risk Factors of HIV-1 Infection among MSM in
1,191 study subjects from 3 gay saunas and 8 gay bars in Taipei and New Taipei Cities
(152 subjects from gay saunas, 1,039 subjects from gay bars)
blood samples and questionnaires were collected
Pre-test counseling
HIV-1 and Syphilis tests
HIV-1 (+), n=53
(6 from gay saunas, 47 from gay bars)
Syphilis (+)
HIV-1 (-), n=1,138
(146 from gay saunas, 992 from gay bars)
? Post-counseling, partner
notification and contact
tracing
? Perform detune test to
determine the incidence
1 from gay saunas
25 from gay bars
Encourage subjects to be tested regularly
Study design
Taipei in 2012
PLoS ONE in press, 2014
27. Prevalence and incidence rates of HIV-1 infection
among MSM in Taiwan in 2012
Prevalence Incidence*
(%) (per 100 person-years)
Gay bars 4.44 (47/1039) 5.24
Gay saunas 3.94 (6/152) 3.16
Total 4.52 (53/1191) 4.98
* Determined by detuned test