PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is a hormonal disorder that affects 4-6% of women. It is characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. The cause is unknown but involves abnormal gonadotropin secretion and insulin resistance. Treatment focuses on weight loss, lifestyle changes, and medication to regulate menstrual cycles and reduce excess androgen levels. Women with PCOS have increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, and endometrial cancer. Management involves screening, lifestyle interventions, and medication to treat symptoms and prevent complications.
PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is a hormonal disorder that affects 4-6% of women. It is characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. The cause is unknown but involves abnormal gonadotropin secretion and insulin resistance. Treatment focuses on weight loss, lifestyle changes, and medication to regulate menstrual cycles and reduce excess androgen levels. Women with PCOS have increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, and endometrial cancer. Management involves screening, lifestyle interventions, and medication to treat symptoms and prevent complications.
PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is a hormonal disorder that affects 4-6% of women. It is characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. The cause is unclear but involves abnormal gonadotropin secretion and insulin resistance. Treatment focuses on weight loss, lifestyle changes, and medication to regulate menstrual cycles and reduce excess androgen levels. Women with PCOS have increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, and endometrial cancer. Management involves screening, lifestyle interventions, and medication to treat symptoms and prevent complications.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of irregular periods and infertility in women of reproductive age, affecting 5-10% of women. It is associated with increased levels of androgens and insulin resistance. Women with PCOS have an increased risk of health issues like endometrial cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms, family history, ultrasound of ovaries, and hormone levels. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, oral contraceptives, and medications to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce androgen levels.
This document discusses several topics related to induced abortion including:
- Common maternal complications of induced abortion such as infection, incomplete abortion, hemorrhaging, and tissue damage.
- Long-term physical and psychological health consequences of induced abortion.
- Ethical considerations regarding prenatal diagnosis, screening, and decisions around continuing or terminating pregnancies due to fetal anomalies.
- Dilemmas that can arise for doctors and patients in counseling and decision making when fetal abnormalities are discovered.
This document discusses research into cardiovascular risk factors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The study found that PCOS women have higher rates of subclinical atherosclerosis, as measured by increased carotid intima-media thickness (CAI), compared to age-matched controls, especially in women over 40. Regression analysis showed that age, BMI, diastolic blood pressure, and higher LDL cholesterol levels are predictors of increased CAI. Having PCOS status further increased CAI levels after accounting for these risk factors. The implications are that interventions to lower LDLc and control weight in younger PCOS women may help reduce their future cardiovascular disease risk.
3. 近來 PCOS 是指女性有超音波多囊性卵巢的變化 ( enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts , 2-8 mm in diameter around an echodense thickened central stroma) 及症狀 ( oligomenorrhea, obesity and hyperandrogenism ) PCOS 並不只是卵巢的疾病 .adrenal hyperactivity, abnormal pituitary hormone secretion, and changes in hepatic and adipose tissue functions 也與 PCOS 有關 .
4. Ultrasound Transvaginal ultrasound 經常用來診斷 PCOS, 因為比腹腔鏡的侵入性來得低 Ultrasound criteria: ---increased ovarian area/volume ---10-15 microcyst(<10 mm diameter) organized in a peripheral rosary pattern. ---increased echogenicity of ovarian stroma.