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- 1. 8 stages of development BY: ERIK ERICKSON
- 2. Erik Erickson was an ego psychologist who developed one of the most popular and influential theories of development. While his theory was impacted by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freuds work, Eriksons theory centered on psychosocial development rather than psychosexual development.
- 3. Psychosexual theory is a theory developed by Sigmund Freud that explains how a childs early experiences can shape their personality and behavior in adulthood. According to this theory, children progress through a series of stages during which their focus of pleasure and satisfaction shifts from different body parts, known as erogenous zones. Freud proposed that unresolved conflicts and traumas during these early stages can lead to psychological problems in adulthood. The stages include the oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, and genital stage.
- 4. Overall, psychosexual theory suggests that a childs early experiences can significantly impact their adult personality and behavior and that understanding these experiences can help us understand and treat psychological problems in adulthood. However, it is important to note that this theory is controversial and has been subject to criticism and revision over the years.
- 5. Stage 1(Infancy -18 months) Conflict: Trust vs. Mistrust Infants must rely on others for care. Consistent and dependable caregiving and meeting infant needs leads to sense of trust. Infants who are not well cared for will develop mistrust. Major question: Can I trust the people around me? Event: Feeding- mas nagkakarron sila ng bata kung palagi siyang pinapakain o inaalagaan.
- 6. Stage 2 (18 mons.-3 years) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Children are discovering their own independence Testing more independence by assuming more self-responsibilities Those given the opportunity to experience independence will gain a sense autonomy Children that are overly restrained or punished harshly will develop shame and doubt. Major question: Can I do things myself or am I reliant on the help of others?
- 7. Stage 3 (3-5 years) Initiative vs. Guilt Preschoolers learn to plan out and carry out their goals Sense of accomplishment leads to initiative Feelings of guilt can emerge if the child made to feel too anxious or irresponsible.
- 8. Stage 4 (5-12 years) Industry vs. Inferiority Stage of life surrounding mastery of knowledge and intellectual skills Sense of competence and achievement leads to industry Feeling incompetent and unproductive leads to inferiority- walang tiwala sa sarili
- 9. Stage 5 (adolescence) Identity vs. Confusion Developing a sense of who one is and where one is going in life The adolescents path to successful identity achievement begins with identity diffusion This is followed by a moratorium period Gradually, the adolescent arrives at an integrated identity Successful resolution leads to positive identity Unsuccessful resolution leads to identity confusion or negative identity
- 10. Stage 6 (Young adulthood 18-above) Intimacy vs. Isolation Time for sharing oneself with another person Capacity to hold commitments with others leads to intimacy Failure to establish commitments leads to feelings of isolation Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation. Negative: kung hindi successful ang relationship sila ay gusting mapag-isa. So ang mga taong to this stage is yung mga taong natruma o nasaktan sa past relationships.
- 11. Stage 7 (middle adulthood) Generativity vs. Stagnation Caring for others in family, friends, and work leads to sense of contribution to later generations Stagnations comes from a sense of boredom and meaninglessness Ex: in this stage you will be proud having a family, or eto na ang proud na eto ang accomplishment ko. Or nagtagumpay na ako. Pero if u failed in this stage, you will be stagnant or makukutento ka nalang kung ano ang meron ka ngayon, and when you go to stage 8 you wil feel the said despair na pwede mong pagsisihan.
- 12. Stage 8 (Late adulthood to death) Integrity vs. Despair Successful resolutions of all previous crises leads to integrity and the ability to see broad truths and advise those in earlier stages Despair arises from feelings of helplessness and the bitter sense that life has been incomplete. Focused on reflecting back on life. At this point in development, people look back on the events of their lives and determine if they are happy with the life that they lived or if they regret the things they did or didnt do.
- 13. Again these are the 8 stages of psychosocial development by erik Erickson: 1.Stage 1 (infancy-18 mons) trust vs. mistrust 2. Stage 2 (18 mons.-3 years) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt 3. Stage 3 (3-5 years) Initiative vs. Guilt 4. Stage 4 (5-12 years) Industry vs. Inferiority 5. Stage 5 (12- 18 adolescence) Identity vs. Confusion 6. Stage 6 (Young adulthood 18-above) Intimacy vs. Isolation 7. Stage 7 (middle adulthood) Generativity vs. Stagnation 8. Stage 8 (Late adulthood to death) Integrity vs. Despair
Editor's Notes
- #5: This is the most important period of your childs life. Dapat ang madevelop ng bata ay trust kaysa mistrust.
- #6: Autonomy-positive side, wherein the child has the freewill to do what he wants or like. But the crisis naman is shame and doubt nangyayari to kung hindi natutoto ang isang bata kung ano ang gusto niya, ang nangyayari ay napapaisip sya kung kung gusto ko ba to, kaya ko ba Talaga to?
- #7: The positive here is initiative hal. Kung nakikita ng bata ang kanyang mama na nagwawalis, ang sasabihin niyan ay ma ako na ang magwawalis. Crisis: dito kahit utusan mo yung bata hindi sya gagawa o kikilos,
- #8: Goal: success leads to a sense of competence while failure results in feelings of inferiority.
- #9: Ex: positive side: kapag successful ang pagkilala ng bata sa sarili nya, mabubuhay syang masaya, energetic at kuntento Negative side: gender confusion wherein your are confuse of who u are, yung ipinanganak kang babae pero pusong lalake ka or vs. lalake ka pero pusong babe ka.
- #10: Positive:
- #12: Ex. Positive: the people who are ready and contented of what they did in their lives. Or their mission is completed. Crisis: but if they felt despair or nagsisi sa mga nagawang hindi Maganda or hindi naabot ang mga gusto sa buhay kaya ayaw pa mawala sa mundo.