際際滷

際際滷Share a Scribd company logo

ASTHMA_IN_CHILDREN for NURSING STUDENT[1].pptx

Download as PPTX, PDF
T
TiyaNkhoma1

ASTHMA_IN_CHILDREN for NURSING STUDENT

1 of 21
Download to read offline
ASTHMA IN CHILDREN BY EMILY THEMBACHAKO, PEMPHERO NGULUWE, DOREEN GWAZENI, ELIZABETH HARA
BROAD OBJECTIVE By the end of the presentation, participants should gain adequate knowledge, skills and appropriate attitude in management of asthma in children
Specific Objective Define asthma Mention the predisposing factors of asthma Describe the pathophysiology of asthma Discuss the clinical manifestation of asthma in children Describe the medical management of children in asthma Discuss the nursing management of asthma in children Explain the education given to child and parents
Definition of asthma Asthma is a chronic inflammatory obstructive disease of the airway It is characterised by being recurrent triad symptoms of bronchial smooth muscle spasm, inflammation and edema of bronchial; mucosa and production and retention of thick pulmonary secretion leading to airway obstruction
Predisposing factors Hereditary Colds and infection Allegerns ie pollen, weeds air pollution Irritants: perfumes, odors Medications such as aspirin Food , exercise, emotions
pathophysiology Asthma is an inflammation of the airway which is present throughout the bronchial tree Presence of predisposing factors causes inflammation of the airways The inflammation is characterised by mast cell activation, edema and disruption of the epithelium The inflammation contributes to hypersensitivity of airway, airflow limitation There is presence of bronchial obstruction due to spasms of the smooth muscles
Pathophysiology of asthma There is increased bronchial secretion which end up blocking the airway There is swelling of membranes (mucosal edema), The narrowing leads to obstruction therefore making the child hypoventilated and hypofused
ASTHMA_IN_CHILDREN for NURSING STUDENT[1].pptx
Diagnostic studies Full blood count shows elevated WBC Chest exray shows hypoinfiltration to the lungs
Types of asthma Mild asthma : child may have audible wheezes, no signs of respiratory distress , feeding well have a oxygen saturation of above 92% Moderate asthma: child may have respiratory distress, use of accessory muscles, feeding well, oxygen saturation of above 92% Severe asthma : there is a marked respiratory distress, child is too breathless to talk or to feed, oxygen saturation of below 92%,respiratory rate greater than 30beats per minute in children above 5 and 50beats per minute in children who are 2 to 5 years
Clinical manifestation Cough especially at night Wheezing Dyspnea Cyanosis Use of accessory muscles Exhaustion Tachypnea
Medical management Severe asthma Call for help Give oxygen 1 to 2 litres per minute Salbutamol by nebulisers 2.5mg if less than 3years and 5mg if greater than 3years Hydrocortisone 4mg per kg iv Dexamethasone 0.3mg per kg IM If no improvement after 30 minutes give aminophylline 5mg per kg slow IV, too fat can cause fits, vomiting headache cardiac arrhythmias
ASTHMA_IN_CHILDREN for NURSING STUDENT[1].pptx
Severe asthma Repeat aminophylline 5mg slow IV 6 hourly or slow infusion Repeat hydrocortisone 6hourly if child cannot swallow And give predinisolone if able to swallow
Moderate asthma mgt Salbutamol or albuterol inhaler via spacer or facemask if less than 3years If < 4years, 5 puffs every 20 minutes If >4years 10 puffs every 20 minutes Prednisolone 1mg per kg maximum of 30mg OD for 3 days
Mild asthma Salbutamol or albeterol through a spacer , 2 puffs 4hourlybfor 2 to 3 days Teach on use of spacer Return if not improving
Nursing diagnosis Ineffective breathing pattern related to increased airway resistance secondary to bronchospasm, mucosal edema as evidenced by dyspnea Ineffective airway clearance related to inflammatory reaction as evidenced by a noisy breathing Activity intolerance related to imbalance between oxygen supply and demand as evidenced by fatigue
Nursing intervention Assess child ABCCCD Monitor vital signs Position child in high fowlers to promote lung expansion Provide humidified oxygen Encourage deep breathing exercises Administer bronchodilators Help child with chest physiotherapy Allow child to rest by planning activities
Nursing management Encourage breastfeeding or oral fluid intake Encourage complimentary feeding if child is able to orally take food
Education Child and the guardian should be educated on the following Disease process Use of medication Preventing allergens, drugs or food that cause asthma attacks Use of inhaler
REFERENCE Electronic protocols of the management of childhood illness in Malawi London, M.L, Ladewing, P.W, Ball, J.W & Bindlerm R.C (2020). Maternal child nursing care: optimizing outcomes for mothers, children and families Kazembe P.N & Phillips J.A, Peadiatric handbook for Malawi, 3rd edition, montford press Malawi standard treatment guideline

More Related Content

ASTHMA_IN_CHILDREN for NURSING STUDENT[1].pptx

  • 1. ASTHMA IN CHILDREN BY EMILY THEMBACHAKO, PEMPHERO NGULUWE, DOREEN GWAZENI, ELIZABETH HARA
  • 2. BROAD OBJECTIVE By the end of the presentation, participants should gain adequate knowledge, skills and appropriate attitude in management of asthma in children
  • 3. Specific Objective Define asthma Mention the predisposing factors of asthma Describe the pathophysiology of asthma Discuss the clinical manifestation of asthma in children Describe the medical management of children in asthma Discuss the nursing management of asthma in children Explain the education given to child and parents
  • 4. Definition of asthma Asthma is a chronic inflammatory obstructive disease of the airway It is characterised by being recurrent triad symptoms of bronchial smooth muscle spasm, inflammation and edema of bronchial; mucosa and production and retention of thick pulmonary secretion leading to airway obstruction
  • 5. Predisposing factors Hereditary Colds and infection Allegerns ie pollen, weeds air pollution Irritants: perfumes, odors Medications such as aspirin Food , exercise, emotions
  • 6. pathophysiology Asthma is an inflammation of the airway which is present throughout the bronchial tree Presence of predisposing factors causes inflammation of the airways The inflammation is characterised by mast cell activation, edema and disruption of the epithelium The inflammation contributes to hypersensitivity of airway, airflow limitation There is presence of bronchial obstruction due to spasms of the smooth muscles
  • 7. Pathophysiology of asthma There is increased bronchial secretion which end up blocking the airway There is swelling of membranes (mucosal edema), The narrowing leads to obstruction therefore making the child hypoventilated and hypofused
  • 9. Diagnostic studies Full blood count shows elevated WBC Chest exray shows hypoinfiltration to the lungs
  • 10. Types of asthma Mild asthma : child may have audible wheezes, no signs of respiratory distress , feeding well have a oxygen saturation of above 92% Moderate asthma: child may have respiratory distress, use of accessory muscles, feeding well, oxygen saturation of above 92% Severe asthma : there is a marked respiratory distress, child is too breathless to talk or to feed, oxygen saturation of below 92%,respiratory rate greater than 30beats per minute in children above 5 and 50beats per minute in children who are 2 to 5 years
  • 11. Clinical manifestation Cough especially at night Wheezing Dyspnea Cyanosis Use of accessory muscles Exhaustion Tachypnea
  • 12. Medical management Severe asthma Call for help Give oxygen 1 to 2 litres per minute Salbutamol by nebulisers 2.5mg if less than 3years and 5mg if greater than 3years Hydrocortisone 4mg per kg iv Dexamethasone 0.3mg per kg IM If no improvement after 30 minutes give aminophylline 5mg per kg slow IV, too fat can cause fits, vomiting headache cardiac arrhythmias
  • 14. Severe asthma Repeat aminophylline 5mg slow IV 6 hourly or slow infusion Repeat hydrocortisone 6hourly if child cannot swallow And give predinisolone if able to swallow
  • 15. Moderate asthma mgt Salbutamol or albuterol inhaler via spacer or facemask if less than 3years If < 4years, 5 puffs every 20 minutes If >4years 10 puffs every 20 minutes Prednisolone 1mg per kg maximum of 30mg OD for 3 days
  • 16. Mild asthma Salbutamol or albeterol through a spacer , 2 puffs 4hourlybfor 2 to 3 days Teach on use of spacer Return if not improving
  • 17. Nursing diagnosis Ineffective breathing pattern related to increased airway resistance secondary to bronchospasm, mucosal edema as evidenced by dyspnea Ineffective airway clearance related to inflammatory reaction as evidenced by a noisy breathing Activity intolerance related to imbalance between oxygen supply and demand as evidenced by fatigue
  • 18. Nursing intervention Assess child ABCCCD Monitor vital signs Position child in high fowlers to promote lung expansion Provide humidified oxygen Encourage deep breathing exercises Administer bronchodilators Help child with chest physiotherapy Allow child to rest by planning activities
  • 19. Nursing management Encourage breastfeeding or oral fluid intake Encourage complimentary feeding if child is able to orally take food
  • 20. Education Child and the guardian should be educated on the following Disease process Use of medication Preventing allergens, drugs or food that cause asthma attacks Use of inhaler
  • 21. REFERENCE Electronic protocols of the management of childhood illness in Malawi London, M.L, Ladewing, P.W, Ball, J.W & Bindlerm R.C (2020). Maternal child nursing care: optimizing outcomes for mothers, children and families Kazembe P.N & Phillips J.A, Peadiatric handbook for Malawi, 3rd edition, montford press Malawi standard treatment guideline