Decolonization africa, asia, the middle eastAshley BirminghamBetween the 1920s and 1980s, many regions in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East gained independence from European colonial rule through various means such as revolution, non-violent protest movements, and withdrawal. Decolonization led to the creation of many new nation-states but also left ongoing problems including economic dependency on former colonial powers, wealth inequality, and conflicts along tribal, racial, or religious lines.
Revolution in hungary,SocialStudiesCampestreThe document summarizes the 1956 Hungarian Revolution against Soviet domination. It began as student demonstrations in Budapest that grew larger. The government withdrew from the Warsaw Pact and declared free elections. On November 4th, the Soviet Union sent tanks into Budapest to reassert control. Many Hungarians were killed and Budapest was damaged. Imre Nagy, who had become leader, was arrested and later hanged in Moscow, sending the message that Soviet control would not be challenged.
The collapse-of-the-soviet-unionMurad AliThe document summarizes the collapse of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It began with the formation of the Polish trade union Solidarity in 1980 which gained strong support from workers and the Catholic Church in Poland. Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in 1985 and implemented reforms like glasnost and perestroika to try to save the Soviet system, but the reforms were too slow and the economic crisis continued. Gorbachev's renunciation of the Brezhnev Doctrine allowed Eastern European states to break from Soviet domination. Massive demonstrations in 1989 weakened communist regimes, and the Berlin Wall was opened that November, marking the collapse of Soviet control in Eastern Europe.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY - COLD WAR: TEHRAN CONFERENCEGeorge DumitracheA comprehensive explanation of the Tehran Conference 1943, suitable for A2 students in History, containing: leaders, peace conferences Second World War, other conferences, the outcome, conference decisions, Operation Overlord, concessions for the Soviet Union, plans for the formation of the United Nations, the assassination plot.
Nikita khrushchevValentina AndradeNikita Khrushchev became Premier of the Soviet Union after Joseph Stalin's death in 1953. He denounced Stalin's crimes in a 1956 speech, starting de-Stalinization. As Premier, Khrushchev oversaw reforms and improved relations with the West, but also clashes like the Cuban Missile Crisis. He was ousted in 1964 due to agricultural failures and alienating other leaders with his reforms and international incidents.
The Soviet-Afghan warSayedModassirThe presentation about the Soviet-Afghan war is created from the different sources which are mentioned in the last slide of the presentation.
the presentation doesn't contain any personal statement. some photos from Afghanistan different places are added to show the positive view f Afghanistan against what the media shows.
Changing Cold War relations - DetentemrmarrDuring the 1970s, relations between the US and USSR improved through a policy of détente, with both sides taking steps to reduce nuclear weapons and the risk of war. Key events included Nixon's visit to China and Moscow in 1972, the SALT I agreement that limited nuclear weapons, and the Helsinki Accords in 1975 that established agreements on borders and human rights. However, détente ended in the late 1970s due to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979.
The Hungarian Revolution in 1956OWTFThe document summarizes key events of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. It describes how Hungarians initially welcomed the Soviet Union after World War 2 but soon faced totalitarian rule under Stalinist policies. Reforms in the 1950s raised living standards but unrest grew. Mass protests in October 1956 against the communist government grew into a full revolution as protesters took control of Budapest. The revolution succeeded initially in toppling the government and Soviet troops withdrew, but the Soviet Union soon reasserted control, arresting and executing opposition leaders and forcing Imre Nagy from power. Hundreds of thousands of Hungarians fled as refugees in the revolution's bloody aftermath.
6 Day WarYCIS BeijingThe 1967 Six-Day War began when Israel launched surprise air strikes against Egypt to preempt an imminent Egyptian attack. Israel quickly gained control of the Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria. Over 250,000 Palestinians fled or were displaced from the newly occupied territories. The war was another military defeat for the Arab states but strengthened Palestinian nationalism and turned many Palestinians to more radical groups like the PLO. The territorial changes from the war formed the basis of the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Iran nuclear dealAashish IlwadhiThe document summarizes the Iran Nuclear Deal. It provides background on Iran's nuclear program and the sanctions imposed by the international community. It then describes the key terms of the 2015 deal, including limits on centrifuges and enrichment levels. It notes that the deal was reached to ensure Iran's program would remain peaceful. However, in 2018, US President Trump withdrew the US from the deal, reimposing sanctions on Iran and concerning European allies who wanted to preserve the agreement. The withdrawal impacted oil prices and international relations. Possible solutions discussed include renegotiating the deal or pursuing diplomatic and political approaches.
Changing of USA Foreign PolicyBedrettin Gürcan, LLM,MA,PhDcThis document provides an overview of changes in the foreign policies of great powers from the perspective of the United States as the world transitions to a multipolar order. It discusses the meaning of great powers and identifies the UN Security Council permanent members as great powers. It then reviews the evolution of U.S. foreign policy from the late 18th century through the post-Cold War period, highlighting increasing global engagement and the emergence of new doctrines like the Bush Doctrine in response to events such as 9/11. The document argues that while the U.S. remains influential, rising nations are challenging its dominance in a shifting multipolar world.
Prague SpringrakochyIn January 1968, Alexander Dubcek became leader of Czechoslovakia and instituted democratic reforms, which were initially popular. However, in August 1968, Soviet forces invaded Czechoslovakia to end the reforms, arresting Dubcek and forcing him to renounce his policies. Though the Soviets claimed they were responding to fascist threats, they faced widespread non-violent protests from Czech civilians. After a week of occupation, Dubcek was released but forced to invalidate the reforms and reimpose censorship and control over unions and media. The Soviet occupation lasted until 1991 and spurred further anti-communist resistance in Czechoslovakia.
The 15th amendmentguesta9454d1The 15th Amendment granted African Americans the right to vote but Southern states found ways to bypass this and disenfranchise black voters through measures like literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather clauses. A compromise in 1877 removed federal troops from the South, allowing Democratic legislatures to impose these discriminatory voting laws and unleash a reign of terror by groups like the KKK to intimidate black communities and strip African Americans of political power.
Reasons the Cold War ended - USSR defeat in AfghanistanmrmarrThe Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 marked the end of détente between the USSR and USA and plunged the countries further into the Cold War. The Soviets struggled to defeat the Mujahedeen rebels due to their use of guerilla warfare and weapons provided secretly by the US. Over 14,000 Soviet troops died and hundreds of aircraft were destroyed. This drain on resources and blow to national pride, on top of economic troubles, contributed to Gorbachev's decision to withdraw from Afghanistan in 1989, signaling a end to the Cold War.
Conflict And Change In The Middle EastrhalterThe Middle East region faces significant religious, ethnic, and political divisions that have led to ongoing conflicts. The area contains important natural resources like oil, but limited water supplies that countries disagree over. Governments range from democracies to dictatorships. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict stems from competing claims to the land and Britain's 1917 Balfour Declaration supporting a Jewish homeland. This has resulted in several Arab-Israeli wars over the decades as Palestinians fight for statehood. Civil war has also broken out in Lebanon due to its religious and ethnic diversity. International efforts have pursued a roadmap to peace, but violence continues between Israel and Palestinian groups.
Cold WarJuan Carlos OcañaThe Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1947 to 1991. It started with the breakdown of the alliance between the US, Britain, and USSR after WWII and developed into a rivalry between capitalist and communist ideologies. The world divided into two opposing camps led by the two superpowers, and several proxy wars were fought globally without direct conflict between the US and USSR. The Cold War ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 due to economic inefficiencies and internal political pressures.
Changing Cold War Relations - afghanistan warmrmarrThe Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979 to prop up the communist government that came to power after a 1978 revolution. However, many Afghans opposed communist rule and fought back as mujahedeen rebels in a civil war. The Soviet invasion was intended to ensure communist control and give the Soviets access to oil, but they faced guerrilla warfare tactics from the mujahedeen. After 10 years of fighting, the costly and unwinnable war became a disaster for the Soviets similar to the US in Vietnam, and Soviet troops withdrew in 1989.
Israel Palestine crisis trancekingThe document provides a detailed overview of the Israel-Palestine conflict, covering topics such as Jewish immigration to Palestine in the early 20th century, the establishment of Israel in 1948, the major wars and peace processes between Israel and its Arab neighbors, and the ongoing dispute over land and sovereignty between Israel and Palestine. It discusses the key events, agreements and issues that have shaped and prolonged the conflict over several decades.
The Cold WarcguccioneOverview of the Cold War. Adapted from "Cold War in a Global Context" by William J. Tolley, "The Cold War" by T. Sothers and Hugh 07, and "Second Red Scare" by Paul Kitchen.
Causes of the Cuban Missile Crisis – Khrushchev's view of KennedymrmarrNikita Khrushchev viewed John F. Kennedy as inexperienced and weak due to his youth and the domestic problems facing the US. At their 1961 Vienna summit, Khrushchev bullied Kennedy and was emboldened by his perceived inability to stop construction of the Berlin Wall. Khrushchev believed placing nuclear missiles in Cuba would call Kennedy's resolve without risk of war, but misjudged that the US would not tolerate such threats so close to home. This miscalculation and view of Kennedy as distracted by domestic issues led to Khrushchev's disastrous decision to place missiles in Cuba and the ensuing Cuban Missile Crisis.
World War IIDave PhillipsThis document provides an overview of World War II, including key events and statistics. It summarizes that WWII was the deadliest conflict in history with over 70 million killed, including two-thirds civilians. There were two main theatres - Asia/Pacific from 1931-1945 and Europe/North Africa from 1935-1945. The Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan fought against the Allied powers of the UK, Soviet Union, US, and Free French forces. Major events included the German invasion of Poland in 1939 starting the war in Europe, as well as Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 drawing the US into the war.
Chinese RevolutionwtidwellThe document summarizes the history of modern China from the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912 to the rule of Mao Zedong and the Communist Party. It discusses the overthrow of the Qing by revolutionaries led by Sun Yat-sen and the establishment of the Republic of China. However, the republic faced many challenges including warlords, foreign imperialism, and civil war between the Nationalists and Communists. Japan also invaded China in the 1930s and 1940s until being defeated by the Allies in World War II. The Communists then took control of mainland China in 1949 while the Nationalists retreated to Taiwan. Under Mao's leadership, China underwent land reform, the Great Leap Forward, and the Cultural
Israel palestine conflictPrem Kumar SoniThe document provides a comprehensive overview of the Israel-Palestine conflict, covering its history, wars, key events and issues. It discusses the Zionist movement in the late 19th century that advocated for a Jewish homeland in Palestine, leading to increased Jewish settlement and tensions with Arabs. It summarizes the 1948 and 1967 Arab-Israeli wars, Israel's occupation of Palestinian territories, and peace efforts including the failed Oslo Accords. Ongoing issues include settlements, Hamas-Fatah tensions, and competing claims over Jerusalem and borders. The document concludes that a two-state solution establishing independent Israeli and Palestinian states is the generally accepted framework for resolving the conflict.
World War I and the Russian RevolutionvtuckerPresentation on the events leading up to WWI, the war itself, and the peace settlement afterwards. Also included is the Russian Revolution, the disposal of the Romanov and the rise of Lenin and the Bolshevik.
Objectives and instruments of Foreign Policy Austin TranthamThis document provides instructions for a POL 403 class assignment where students must write their own foreign policy statement using two objectives and two instruments. It outlines several topics that could be addressed in the statement, such as priorities, roles, instruments, and resources. It also lists potential foreign policy objectives like power, peace, and prosperity as well as instruments like national security intelligence, diplomacy, military force, and economic statecraft.
Nato And The Warsaw PactelizkerenThe document discusses the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact during the Cold War period between 1945-1955. It describes events like the Berlin Airlift of 1948 in response to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin, the founding of NATO in 1949 and West Germany in the same year. It also discusses communist takeovers in countries like Poland and Czechoslovakia, as well as West Germany and Greece/Turkey joining NATO and the Soviet Union forming the Warsaw Pact in 1955 in response to West Germany rearming.
Indo-Pacific: China's Perceptions & PoliciesManoj KewalramaniThis is a slide-set that I had used for a workshop conducted by the Indian School of Business on the Indo-Pacific on July 30, 2021.
It discusses the evolution of the US Indo-Pacific strategy and China's perceptions and policy responses.
The Hungarian Revolution in 1956OWTFThe document summarizes key events of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. It describes how Hungarians initially welcomed the Soviet Union after World War 2 but soon faced totalitarian rule under Stalinist policies. Reforms in the 1950s raised living standards but unrest grew. Mass protests in October 1956 against the communist government grew into a full revolution as protesters took control of Budapest. The revolution succeeded initially in toppling the government and Soviet troops withdrew, but the Soviet Union soon reasserted control, arresting and executing opposition leaders and forcing Imre Nagy from power. Hundreds of thousands of Hungarians fled as refugees in the revolution's bloody aftermath.
6 Day WarYCIS BeijingThe 1967 Six-Day War began when Israel launched surprise air strikes against Egypt to preempt an imminent Egyptian attack. Israel quickly gained control of the Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria. Over 250,000 Palestinians fled or were displaced from the newly occupied territories. The war was another military defeat for the Arab states but strengthened Palestinian nationalism and turned many Palestinians to more radical groups like the PLO. The territorial changes from the war formed the basis of the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Iran nuclear dealAashish IlwadhiThe document summarizes the Iran Nuclear Deal. It provides background on Iran's nuclear program and the sanctions imposed by the international community. It then describes the key terms of the 2015 deal, including limits on centrifuges and enrichment levels. It notes that the deal was reached to ensure Iran's program would remain peaceful. However, in 2018, US President Trump withdrew the US from the deal, reimposing sanctions on Iran and concerning European allies who wanted to preserve the agreement. The withdrawal impacted oil prices and international relations. Possible solutions discussed include renegotiating the deal or pursuing diplomatic and political approaches.
Changing of USA Foreign PolicyBedrettin Gürcan, LLM,MA,PhDcThis document provides an overview of changes in the foreign policies of great powers from the perspective of the United States as the world transitions to a multipolar order. It discusses the meaning of great powers and identifies the UN Security Council permanent members as great powers. It then reviews the evolution of U.S. foreign policy from the late 18th century through the post-Cold War period, highlighting increasing global engagement and the emergence of new doctrines like the Bush Doctrine in response to events such as 9/11. The document argues that while the U.S. remains influential, rising nations are challenging its dominance in a shifting multipolar world.
Prague SpringrakochyIn January 1968, Alexander Dubcek became leader of Czechoslovakia and instituted democratic reforms, which were initially popular. However, in August 1968, Soviet forces invaded Czechoslovakia to end the reforms, arresting Dubcek and forcing him to renounce his policies. Though the Soviets claimed they were responding to fascist threats, they faced widespread non-violent protests from Czech civilians. After a week of occupation, Dubcek was released but forced to invalidate the reforms and reimpose censorship and control over unions and media. The Soviet occupation lasted until 1991 and spurred further anti-communist resistance in Czechoslovakia.
The 15th amendmentguesta9454d1The 15th Amendment granted African Americans the right to vote but Southern states found ways to bypass this and disenfranchise black voters through measures like literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather clauses. A compromise in 1877 removed federal troops from the South, allowing Democratic legislatures to impose these discriminatory voting laws and unleash a reign of terror by groups like the KKK to intimidate black communities and strip African Americans of political power.
Reasons the Cold War ended - USSR defeat in AfghanistanmrmarrThe Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 marked the end of détente between the USSR and USA and plunged the countries further into the Cold War. The Soviets struggled to defeat the Mujahedeen rebels due to their use of guerilla warfare and weapons provided secretly by the US. Over 14,000 Soviet troops died and hundreds of aircraft were destroyed. This drain on resources and blow to national pride, on top of economic troubles, contributed to Gorbachev's decision to withdraw from Afghanistan in 1989, signaling a end to the Cold War.
Conflict And Change In The Middle EastrhalterThe Middle East region faces significant religious, ethnic, and political divisions that have led to ongoing conflicts. The area contains important natural resources like oil, but limited water supplies that countries disagree over. Governments range from democracies to dictatorships. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict stems from competing claims to the land and Britain's 1917 Balfour Declaration supporting a Jewish homeland. This has resulted in several Arab-Israeli wars over the decades as Palestinians fight for statehood. Civil war has also broken out in Lebanon due to its religious and ethnic diversity. International efforts have pursued a roadmap to peace, but violence continues between Israel and Palestinian groups.
Cold WarJuan Carlos OcañaThe Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1947 to 1991. It started with the breakdown of the alliance between the US, Britain, and USSR after WWII and developed into a rivalry between capitalist and communist ideologies. The world divided into two opposing camps led by the two superpowers, and several proxy wars were fought globally without direct conflict between the US and USSR. The Cold War ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 due to economic inefficiencies and internal political pressures.
Changing Cold War Relations - afghanistan warmrmarrThe Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979 to prop up the communist government that came to power after a 1978 revolution. However, many Afghans opposed communist rule and fought back as mujahedeen rebels in a civil war. The Soviet invasion was intended to ensure communist control and give the Soviets access to oil, but they faced guerrilla warfare tactics from the mujahedeen. After 10 years of fighting, the costly and unwinnable war became a disaster for the Soviets similar to the US in Vietnam, and Soviet troops withdrew in 1989.
Israel Palestine crisis trancekingThe document provides a detailed overview of the Israel-Palestine conflict, covering topics such as Jewish immigration to Palestine in the early 20th century, the establishment of Israel in 1948, the major wars and peace processes between Israel and its Arab neighbors, and the ongoing dispute over land and sovereignty between Israel and Palestine. It discusses the key events, agreements and issues that have shaped and prolonged the conflict over several decades.
The Cold WarcguccioneOverview of the Cold War. Adapted from "Cold War in a Global Context" by William J. Tolley, "The Cold War" by T. Sothers and Hugh 07, and "Second Red Scare" by Paul Kitchen.
Causes of the Cuban Missile Crisis – Khrushchev's view of KennedymrmarrNikita Khrushchev viewed John F. Kennedy as inexperienced and weak due to his youth and the domestic problems facing the US. At their 1961 Vienna summit, Khrushchev bullied Kennedy and was emboldened by his perceived inability to stop construction of the Berlin Wall. Khrushchev believed placing nuclear missiles in Cuba would call Kennedy's resolve without risk of war, but misjudged that the US would not tolerate such threats so close to home. This miscalculation and view of Kennedy as distracted by domestic issues led to Khrushchev's disastrous decision to place missiles in Cuba and the ensuing Cuban Missile Crisis.
World War IIDave PhillipsThis document provides an overview of World War II, including key events and statistics. It summarizes that WWII was the deadliest conflict in history with over 70 million killed, including two-thirds civilians. There were two main theatres - Asia/Pacific from 1931-1945 and Europe/North Africa from 1935-1945. The Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan fought against the Allied powers of the UK, Soviet Union, US, and Free French forces. Major events included the German invasion of Poland in 1939 starting the war in Europe, as well as Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 drawing the US into the war.
Chinese RevolutionwtidwellThe document summarizes the history of modern China from the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912 to the rule of Mao Zedong and the Communist Party. It discusses the overthrow of the Qing by revolutionaries led by Sun Yat-sen and the establishment of the Republic of China. However, the republic faced many challenges including warlords, foreign imperialism, and civil war between the Nationalists and Communists. Japan also invaded China in the 1930s and 1940s until being defeated by the Allies in World War II. The Communists then took control of mainland China in 1949 while the Nationalists retreated to Taiwan. Under Mao's leadership, China underwent land reform, the Great Leap Forward, and the Cultural
Israel palestine conflictPrem Kumar SoniThe document provides a comprehensive overview of the Israel-Palestine conflict, covering its history, wars, key events and issues. It discusses the Zionist movement in the late 19th century that advocated for a Jewish homeland in Palestine, leading to increased Jewish settlement and tensions with Arabs. It summarizes the 1948 and 1967 Arab-Israeli wars, Israel's occupation of Palestinian territories, and peace efforts including the failed Oslo Accords. Ongoing issues include settlements, Hamas-Fatah tensions, and competing claims over Jerusalem and borders. The document concludes that a two-state solution establishing independent Israeli and Palestinian states is the generally accepted framework for resolving the conflict.
World War I and the Russian RevolutionvtuckerPresentation on the events leading up to WWI, the war itself, and the peace settlement afterwards. Also included is the Russian Revolution, the disposal of the Romanov and the rise of Lenin and the Bolshevik.
Objectives and instruments of Foreign Policy Austin TranthamThis document provides instructions for a POL 403 class assignment where students must write their own foreign policy statement using two objectives and two instruments. It outlines several topics that could be addressed in the statement, such as priorities, roles, instruments, and resources. It also lists potential foreign policy objectives like power, peace, and prosperity as well as instruments like national security intelligence, diplomacy, military force, and economic statecraft.
Nato And The Warsaw PactelizkerenThe document discusses the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact during the Cold War period between 1945-1955. It describes events like the Berlin Airlift of 1948 in response to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin, the founding of NATO in 1949 and West Germany in the same year. It also discusses communist takeovers in countries like Poland and Czechoslovakia, as well as West Germany and Greece/Turkey joining NATO and the Soviet Union forming the Warsaw Pact in 1955 in response to West Germany rearming.
Indo-Pacific: China's Perceptions & PoliciesManoj KewalramaniThis is a slide-set that I had used for a workshop conducted by the Indian School of Business on the Indo-Pacific on July 30, 2021.
It discusses the evolution of the US Indo-Pacific strategy and China's perceptions and policy responses.
Tysklands EnandeAnton JohanssonEn presentation om Tysklands enande. Presentationen presenterades ursprungligen i början av oktober 2007, på Infokompgymnasiet i Linköping.
Presentation ECER 2013. Added Value? ICT in preschoolJörgen HolmbergPresented at The European Conference on Educational Research (ECER), 10-13 september 2013, Istanbul, Turkey,
It som pedagogiskt verkyg i förskolaJörgen HolmbergJörgen Holmberg, Digitala Lärlösningar, föreläser om IT som pedagogiskt verktyg i förskolan. Platsen var Ljusdal i november 2012
Persuasive introductionsJörgen HolmbergThe document discusses the components of an effective persuasive introduction, including the lead, background, and thesis statement. It provides strategies for writing a compelling lead, such as using imagery to get the reader's attention or posing a thought-provoking question. The background should give necessary context about the topic. The thesis should clearly state the main argument and up to three supporting reasons. Sample leads, backgrounds, and theses are provided to illustrate these components.
Imperialism Web QuestJörgen HolmbergThe document is a webquest activity for students to learn about European imperialism in Africa in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It includes background information on the Berlin Conference and Scramble for Africa, as well as maps, charts and historical context about the colonization of Africa and its political, economic and social impacts. Students are asked a series of questions to analyze the materials and demonstrate their understanding of how imperialism transformed Africa.
3. Kolonialism Ända sedan 1500-talet hade Europeiska länder etablerat kolonier i andra delar av världen. Orsakerna var framförallt ekonomiska : möjlighet till plundring, billiga råvaror, avsättningsmarknader etc. men även andra orsaker ( militärpolitiska , religiösa …) kunde påverka
4.
5. Imperialism Från och med 1870-talet förändras kolonisationen. Den blir mer intensiv. Africa, Asien och öar i stilla är områden som drabbas hårdast. Vi pratar nu om imperialism, en mer statsstyrd variant av kolonialism. Förut hade ofta grupper med speciella intressen (köpmän, missionärer, officerare) varit drivande
7. Orsaker/anledningar Nationalism. Vårt land ska expandera och ha kolonier! Extra tydligt i nya aggressiva länder som Italien, Tyskland och Belgien
8. Orsaker/anledningar Maktbalans. Tanken om att en bevarad maktbalans mellan de Europeiska länderna var viktig för att bevara freden gjorde att kapplöpningen om kolonier påskyndades. Har dom två kolonier i Africa så måste vi ha minst två..
13. Hur motiverade man imperialismen? Socialdarwinism, till och med ”white man’s burden”
14. Imperialismens följder Konservatism i kolonierna (kulturbevarare), eller oftare försök att kopiera väst. Demokrati, industrialisering De flesta kolonier frigör sig mellan 1:a och 2: VK. Kinas kejsardöme faller Indien enas efter frigörelse Japan kopierar väst och blir en världsmakt Afrikas onaturliga gränser blir kvar vilket fortfarande skapar problem Latinamerika koloniseras ekonomiskt och lider fortfarande av detta, begränsad inhemsk industri och stora ekonomiska skillnader mellan mnsk.
15. Mot första världskriget Hur bemöta kritik från grupper inom landet och hur bemöta konkurrens från andra länder i det maktvakuum som nu uppstått efter det Osmanska rikets sönderfall? Hur lösa problemen med de etniska minoriteterna i Öٱ-Բ?
18. Svaret blir ofta hårdhänta (fascistiska) metoder för att tysta opinion och en aggressiv utrikespolitik. Senare även alliansbildning. Bild: Otto von Bismarck
19. Ryssland Vill ha hamn i medelhavet, krig mot Turkiet (Krimkriget 1853). Insikt: Vi måste industrialisera! Vissa sociala reformer, livegenskapen avskaffas 1861 Senare även förlust mot Japan 1905. Stort inhemsk missnöje.
23. Ett ”naivt” sätt att se på krig, trodde det skulle vara över på några månader. Man insåg inte vad de nya vapnen innebar.
24. Den (industriella)kapprustning som pågått mellan länderna krävde nästan krig Det sönderfallande Öٱ-Բ där etniska minoriteter i nationalistisk anda ville skapa sig egna länder
25. Krigets utgång Tyskland vinner nästan tack vare sin industriella styrka men USAs inträde tippar vågskålen till ententemakternas sida (Frankrike, GBr, Ryssland, Serbien och USA)
26. Krigets följder Ryska revolutionen bryter ut Finland frigör sig från Ryssland Kvinnlig rösträtt inför i många länder som ”tack” för deras insatser under kriget. Versaillesfreden straffar Tyskland hårt vilket blir en av anledningarna till 2:a VK då ekonomisk stagnation och Tysk revanschlusta följer.