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Drip Irrigation 7fjfjfifididifififfifi.pptx

Irrigation Managements 2+1=3
Dr Asmatullah Durani
Email: dorani_2000@yahoo.com
WhatsApp; 0787888434
Phone No. 0730564575
Drip or trickle Irrigation

Drip or trickle Irrigation
• Drip irrigation is a micro irrigation method in which the rate of
water application is very low and without any pressure. i.e.,
drop by drop
• Drip irrigation is based on the basic concept of irrigation only
the roots zone of crop , rather than the entire land surface on
which the crop is grow.

Drip or trickle ��پ��ǲ�…

History of drip irrigation system
•
‫دا‬
‫د‬
‫اوبخور‬
‫سيستم‬
‫په‬
‫کال‬
(
1940
)
‫د‬
‫يو‬
‫اسرائيلي‬
‫انجنيرسيمچابالس‬
(
Symcha blass
)
‫پنوم‬
‫د‬
‫يو‬
‫پايپ‬
‫ليک‬
‫شو‬
‫ي‬
‫دساحي‬
‫ته‬
‫په‬
‫کتلو‬
‫سره‬
‫معلوم‬
‫او‬
‫بيا‬
‫يي‬
‫په‬
‫کال‬
(
1964
)
‫دا‬
‫ډول‬
‫داوبخور‬
‫لمړني‬
‫سيستم‬
‫رامنځته‬
‫کړو‬
.
‫چي‬
‫د‬
‫شلمي‬
‫پيړۍ‬
‫تر‬
‫پ‬
‫ايي‬
‫پوري‬
‫يي‬
‫انتشار‬
‫تر‬
‫استراليا‬
‫او‬
‫د‬
‫امريکه‬
‫متحده‬
‫اياالتو‬
‫ته‬
‫وشوو‬
.
‫چي‬
‫تر‬
‫کال‬
(
1988
)
‫پوري‬
‫په‬
‫نوموړي‬
‫سيستم‬
‫باندي‬
‫داوبخور‬
‫ساحي‬
‫مقدار‬
(
1055000
)
‫هکتار‬
‫ته‬
‫ورسيدو‬
.
‫چي‬
‫نن‬
‫ورځ‬
‫پدي‬
‫ډول‬
‫اوبخور‬
‫لرونکي‬
‫ساحي‬
‫په‬
‫اساس‬
‫امريکه‬
‫لمړي‬
‫مق‬
‫ام‬
‫لري‬
.
‫چي‬
‫دا‬
‫ډول‬
‫سيستم‬
‫په‬
‫دوه‬
‫ډوله‬
‫دي‬
‫يو‬
‫هغه‬
‫چي‬
‫د‬
‫ځمکي‬
‫په‬
‫سطحه‬
‫پائپونه‬
‫نقشه‬
‫کوي‬
‫د‬
(
surface drip irrigation system
)
‫پنوم‬
‫او‬
‫هغه‬
‫چي‬
‫پائپونه‬
‫يي‬
‫د‬
‫ځمکي‬
‫د‬
‫سطحي‬
‫څخه‬
‫د‬
‫الندي‬
‫جوړيږي‬
‫د‬
(
sub-surface drip irrigation system
)
‫پنوم‬
‫ياديږي‬
.

Others types of drip irrigation system
Surface drip irrigation system
Low head bubbler drip irrigation system
Micro spray drip irrigation system
Mechanical move drip irrigation system

When to Use Drip Irrigation
Suitable crops
Suitable slops
Suitable Soil
Suitable irrigation water
Suitable Crops for drip irrigation
Drip irrigation is most suitable for row crops (vegetables, soft fruit), tree and
vine crops where one or more emitters can be provided for each plant.
Generally only high value crops are considered because of the high capital
costs of installing a drip system.

Suitable crops
• Fruit crops :
– Banana, Grapes, Citrus, Pomegranate, Papaya, Pineapple, Watermelon,
Mango.
• Vegetable crops :
– Cabbage, Cauliflower, Okra, Tomato, Potato, Onion, Chillis, Radish,
Brinjal, Bottle grown, French been, Capsicum, Beans, Baby corn, Carrots,
Cucumber, Bitter gourd, Bottle gourd, Ash gourd.
• Commercial crops :
– Sugarcane, Cotton, Ground nut, Chickpea.

Suitable slopes
Drip irrigation is adaptable to any farmable slope. Normally the crop would be
planted along contour lines and the water supply pipes (laterals) would be laid
along the contour also.

Suitable soils
Drip irrigation is suitable for most soils. On clay soils water must be applied
slowly to avoid surface water ponding and runoff. On sandy soils higher emitter
discharge rates will be needed to ensure adequate lateral wetting of the soil.

Suitable irrigation water
• One of the main problems with drip irrigation is blockage of the
emitters. All emitters have very small waterways ranging from
0.2-2.0 mm in diameter and these can become blocked if the
water is not clean. Thus it is essential for irrigation water to be
free of sediments. If this is not so then filtration of the irrigation
water will be needed.
• Blockage may also occur if the water contains algae, fertilizer
deposits and dissolved chemicals which precipitate such as
calcium and iron.
• Drip irrigation is particularly suitable for water of poor quality
(saline water).

Advantages of Drip Irrigation
• Less requirement of irrigation water
• High irrigation efficiency (80- 90%).
• Water supply at optimum level.
• Water logging is avoided
• High yield
• Over irrigation is avoid
• Variation in application rate
• Reducing labor cost
• Weed controlling

• Increase in net irrigable area
• Highly uniform distribution of water i.e.,
Controlled by output of each nozzle no soil
erosion.
• Suitable for any topography.
• Avoiding of plant disease and pest.
Advantages of Drip Irrigation---

Disadvantages of drip irrigation
• High cost :
– drip irrigation systems are expensive because of there requirements of large
quantity of piping & filtration equipment to clean the water.
• Expense:
– Initial cost can be more than overhead systems.
• Waste:
– The sun can affect the tubes used for drip irrigation, shortening their usable
life. Longevity is variable.
• Clogging:
– If the water is not properly filtered and the equipment not properly
maintained, it can result in clogging.
• Maintenance: Drip tape causes extra cleanup costs after harvest. You'll need to
plan for drip tape winding, disposal, recycling or reuse.
• Not usable for all crops: This method is not suitable for closely planted crops
such as wheat

COMPARISON
Comparison Drip method Flood method
Water saving
High, between 40 and
100 %
Less. High rates of
evaporation, surface run
off and percolation
Irrigation efficiency 80 – 90 % 30 - 50 %
Weed problem Almost nil High
Suitable water
Even saline water can
be used
Only normal water can
be used

Comparison Drip method Flood method
Water logging Nil High
Water control Can be regulated
easily
Not much control
Diseases and pests Relatively less High
Efficiency of
fertilizer use
Very high since
supply is regulated
Heavy losses due to
leaching
Yield increase
20 - % higher than
flood method
Less compared to
drip
COMPARISON

Components of Drip Irrigation system
• Pumping set
• Source of irrigation water
• Chamigation and fertigation units(I.U)
• Values
• Filters
• Mainlines
• Sub-main/Laterals
• Drippers/emitters

• Pumping set:
To create a pressure about
2.5 Kg/sq cm to regulate
the amount of water to be
supplied.
• Filter :
To filter the water in Order to
remove the suspended
impurities from water.

• Main lines:
– It is a Distribution system in drip
irrigation. Rigid PVC and high density
polyethylene pipes are used as main
pipes to minimized corrosion and
clogging.
– Pipes of 65 mm diameter and with
pressure rating of 4 to 10 kg/sq. cm
• Sub Main:
– It is usually connected to the main
lines through a control valve
assembly.
– The function of its to distributes
water uniformly to a number laterals.

• Drippers/emitters:
– It is fitted to a drip irrigation lateral
and intended to emit water in the
form of drops or continuous flow at
emitter rates not exceeding 15
liters/hr.

Drip Irrigation
non-return valve

irrigan videoDrip Irrigation Systems - YouTube.FLV

Drip Irrigation
Maize Apple trees

b. Subsurface drip
 Water applied through small emitter openings below
the soil surface
 Basically a surface system that's been buried
(few inches to a couple feet)
 Permanent installation

In subsurface irrigation water is applied to a series of
field ditches deep into soil surface.
b. Subsurface drip ��پ��ǲ�…

SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION..
Advantages
 High & uniform water application
 Lower pressure & power requirements
 No dry corners
 Evaporation is reduced
 Disadvantages
 High initial cost
 Water filtration required
 Complex maintenance requirements
Flushing, Chlorination and Acid injection

Advantages
High degree of control over water application with the potential for high uniformity of
application
Evaporation is reduced
The amount of water can be fine-tuned. This avoids water loss caused by run off or
evaporation
Frequent irrigation allows for optimum soil moisture content in the root zone
Great performance in windy and arid locations
If pre-treated wastewater is used for irrigation, the risk of direct contact with crops and
labourers is reduced
Disadvantages
Risk of clogging
When saline water is used, salts accumulate at the wetting front
Emitter can be damaged or blocked by root hairs
Bacterial slimes and algae growing on the interior walls of the laterals and emitters
combined with clay particles in the water can block the emitters
Suspended organic matter and clay particles can damage the system
A lot of repair work is caused by rodents chewing the tubes
Heavy machinery can damage the laterals

 Surface 30 - 40%
 Sprinkler 60 - 70%
 Drip irrigation 80 - 90%
Comparative efficiency of irrigation systems

Relative Irrigation Efficiencies (%) under
Different Methods of irrigation
Irrigation efficiencies Method of irrigation
Surface Sprinkler Drip
Conveyance efficiency
40-50
(Canal)
- -
Application efficiency 40-70 60-80 90
Surface water moisture
evaporation
30-40 30-40 15-20
Overall efficiency 30-40 50-70 80-90

Least Efficient
EFFICIENCY OF IRRIGATION METHODS
Most Efficient
Flood (40-50%)
Furrow (50-60%)
Bubbler (60-70%)
Sprinkler (70-80%)
Drip (80-90%)

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