Comparing and Examining the Tannin Content of Potato Peel with Four Different...J. Agricultural MachineryTannins are a type of phenolic compound usually found in plants, with high molecular weights typically ranging from 500 to more than 3000 Da and even up to 20000 Da. The chemical structure of tannins is very diverse and varied. Tannin exists in plant cells in two forms: hydrolyzable and condensed. The tannin content in plants can vary from 0.2% to 25% of the dry weight of the plant. This can vary depending on the plant species, harvest time, plant habitat, and extraction method. Currently, tannin is used in various fields such as leather making, medicine, food, beverages, ink and glue making, paint and tanning industries, plastic resins, water treatment, and surface coatings. The application of tannins depends on the tannin concentration. Extraction of tannin from agricultural products is done by different methods. Maceration, decoction, pressurized water extraction, Soxhlet extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound, and microwave are among these methods. Ultrasound extraction is an effective method for extracting chemical compounds, which is performed in a shorter period of time compared to other methods, and can be used for heat-sensitive compounds such as tannins.
Effect Different Levels of Oak Fruit Processed with Sodium Hydroxide and Urea...Iranian Journal of Animal Science ResearchIntroduction: Nowadays, excessive exploitation of natural resources and excessive grazing of pastures has led to a sharp decrease in feed sources for ruminant animals. Considering the fact that today most of the feed materials needed by livestock are expensive, replacing them with cheaper feed materials, in a way that does not result in a decrease in livestock productivity is of great importance. Oak fruit is one of the cheap feed that can be used in animal feed. Livestock feeding with oak fruit is particularly important due to high production per unit area, non-competition with human nutrition and easy access. The Alborz Mountains in the northern part of the country are covered by oak forests, from Talash forests to Naharkhoran forests in Gorgan, according to the climatic conditions and altitude, there are several species of oak trees. Therefore, considering the abundance of oak fruit in the forests of the central part of Mazandaran province and also the lack of scientific studies on the effects of consumption of oak fruit processed with sodium hydroxide and urea on degradability indicators and microbial protein production, the present study is to investigate the effect different levels of oak fruit processed with sodium hydroxide and urea on ruminal fermentation, morphology, ruminal degradability and microbial protein synthesis in crossed Zell and Atabai fattening male lambs.
Material and Methods: In the first study, from the number of 20 fattening male lambs mixed with Zel and Atabai with an mean age of 5.5±0.38 months and an initial weight of 27±0.4 kg in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 repetitions for 90 The day was used. The experimental treatments included the control group (no oak fruit + polyethylene glycol) and treatments containing levels of 10, 20 and 40% in the dry matter of oak fruit processed with sodium hydroxide and urea in the diet. In the second study, the number of 3 fistulaized Zell sheep with mean weight of about 40 kg and an average age of approximately 10 months were used to estimate the parameters of degradability. The oak fruit used in this study was randomly collected from oak trees of the Bolandmazo species (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey) in different forest areas of Mazandaran province from late summer to early autumn. Data obtained were analyzed by statistical software SAS (version 1.9).
Results and Discussion: The results of rumen fermentation parameters showed that there was a significant difference between experimental treatments in ammonia nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids, bacterial population and protozoa of rumen fluid (P<0.05). The highest and lowest concentrations of ammonia nitrogen were observed in the control group and the 20% processed oak fruit treatment, respectively. In the concentration of total volatile fatty acids, the treatment of 20% of processed oak fruit had the highest concentration and the treatment of 40% of processed oak fruit had the lowest concentration.
Agriculture development and food journal vol 6-issue 1 Naim KhalidADFJournal 6th issue is an open access journal and you can also send your article for publication. In this issue we have more information about food and nutrition.
تصمیم گیرنده آگاه یا قربانی منفعلHosseinieh Ershad Public Libraryسبز بودن یک فرایند است نه یک موقعیت و صفت یا حالت . تغییر در فهم و معنای سبز بودن میتواند به ما کمک کند تا تمرکز بیشتری بر این فرایند داشته باشیم.1
طرز تهیه کمپوستFarid Kamaliفرايند کمپوست پسماند مواد غذايي و مواد آلي را به خاک خوب تبدیل می نماید. کمپوست را می توان در هر جا تهيه كرد. مواد آلي (برگ زايدات هرس و پسماندهاي غذايي) به راحتي به كمپوست تبديل مي شوند و براي اصلاح و بهبود خاك موثر بوده و در تغذيه و رويش مناسب گياهان تاثير بسياري دارد.
Advance in Agronomyglxogxgtiigigiiggkg .pptxShafiqullah42This document discusses factors that affect plant density and crop productivity, including genetic factors like plant size and elasticity, and environmental factors like rainfall, fertilizer application, and seed rate. It also describes different planting geometries like square, rectangular, triangular, and paired row planting and how they influence crop yield through light interception, rooting patterns, and moisture extraction. Plant distribution in a population can take random, uniform, or clumped patterns depending on environmental conditions and interactions among individuals. The optimal plant density maximizes crop yield per unit area by balancing competition between plants and efficient use of resources.
soilwaterplantrelationship-180316015636.pdfShafiqullah42The document discusses the relationship between soil, water, and plants. It describes how water is essential for plant growth and physiological processes. Water is necessary for photosynthesis, cell structure, nutrient transport, and more. The document outlines how water moves through soil and is absorbed by plant roots, either through passive uptake driven by transpiration or active absorption requiring energy. Adequate soil water is required for soil functioning and plant health.
Weed Control-ITGglxotxotxitxotxotdotdoydoP-1.pptShafiqullah42This document discusses various methods for controlling weeds in burley tobacco, including cultivation, herbicides, and rolling cultivators. It provides details on the ideal properties of herbicides for tobacco and evaluates several common herbicide options. Prowl, Command, and Spartan are described in terms of their weed control spectrum, application rates and methods, mode of action, and persistence. The document also covers diagnosing and identifying potential causes of chemical damage in tobacco crops.
345200829-Unit-A-LessonykTkaiaiau5a-1-Machinery-and-Equipment-PPT-English.pdfShafiqullah42Agricultural machinery and equipment are important for allowing efficient large-scale production of crops and livestock to meet the needs of a growing population. Key pieces of machinery used in crop production include tractors for tillage and pulling implements, planters and drills for seeding, sprayers for applying fertilizers and pesticides, and combines and balers for harvesting. New technologies like GPS and GIS help farmers precisely manage variable field conditions to optimize yields.
CV FORitdtzixgiggixigxigxitxixitxtiz CSC.pdfShafiqullah42Shafiq Ullah has over 8 years of experience as both a contract base teacher and permanent teacher in Afghanistan. He has taught courses in agronomy, including industrial and cereal crops, pulses, botany, experimental design, weed science, irrigation principles, fertilizers, and plant breeding. His teaching experience provides him with a strong background in agricultural sciences and the ability to convey complex concepts to students effectively.
Advance in Agronomyglxogxgtiigigiiggkg .pptxShafiqullah42This document discusses factors that affect plant density and crop productivity, including genetic factors like plant size and elasticity, and environmental factors like rainfall, fertilizer application, and seed rate. It also describes different planting geometries like square, rectangular, triangular, and paired row planting and how they influence crop yield through light interception, rooting patterns, and moisture extraction. Plant distribution in a population can take random, uniform, or clumped patterns depending on environmental conditions and interactions among individuals. The optimal plant density maximizes crop yield per unit area by balancing competition between plants and efficient use of resources.
soilwaterplantrelationship-180316015636.pdfShafiqullah42The document discusses the relationship between soil, water, and plants. It describes how water is essential for plant growth and physiological processes. Water is necessary for photosynthesis, cell structure, nutrient transport, and more. The document outlines how water moves through soil and is absorbed by plant roots, either through passive uptake driven by transpiration or active absorption requiring energy. Adequate soil water is required for soil functioning and plant health.
Weed Control-ITGglxotxotxitxotxotdotdoydoP-1.pptShafiqullah42This document discusses various methods for controlling weeds in burley tobacco, including cultivation, herbicides, and rolling cultivators. It provides details on the ideal properties of herbicides for tobacco and evaluates several common herbicide options. Prowl, Command, and Spartan are described in terms of their weed control spectrum, application rates and methods, mode of action, and persistence. The document also covers diagnosing and identifying potential causes of chemical damage in tobacco crops.
345200829-Unit-A-LessonykTkaiaiau5a-1-Machinery-and-Equipment-PPT-English.pdfShafiqullah42Agricultural machinery and equipment are important for allowing efficient large-scale production of crops and livestock to meet the needs of a growing population. Key pieces of machinery used in crop production include tractors for tillage and pulling implements, planters and drills for seeding, sprayers for applying fertilizers and pesticides, and combines and balers for harvesting. New technologies like GPS and GIS help farmers precisely manage variable field conditions to optimize yields.
CV FORitdtzixgiggixigxigxitxixitxtiz CSC.pdfShafiqullah42Shafiq Ullah has over 8 years of experience as both a contract base teacher and permanent teacher in Afghanistan. He has taught courses in agronomy, including industrial and cereal crops, pulses, botany, experimental design, weed science, irrigation principles, fertilizers, and plant breeding. His teaching experience provides him with a strong background in agricultural sciences and the ability to convey complex concepts to students effectively.
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ماخذونه
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