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Factors affecting the transfer of water and nutrients to plants By Hafizullah.pptx
- 1. Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan Ministry of Higher Education Nangarhar University Agriculture Master Program in Agronomy Factors affecting the transfer of water and nutrients to plants Prepared by: Hafizullah Amin, M.S.C student of Agronomy Department Instructor Lecture: Professor, Ph.D Asmatullah Durani
- 3. Factors affecting the transfer of water and nutrients to plants Physiological Factors Root Structure and Function The morphology and surface area of roots affect nutrient uptake. Root hairs increase the surface area for absorption. Xylem and Phloem Functionality The efficiency of xylem (water and mineral transport) and phloem (sugar and organic nutrient transport) is crucial. Blockages or damage can hinder transport.
- 4. Transpiration Rate Transpiration creates a negative pressure that helps pull water and dissolved nutrients from the roots through the xylem. Nutrient Form The chemical form of nutrients (e.g., ionic vs. non-ionic) affects their solubility and availability for uptake. Metabolic Activity The metabolic demands of different plant tissues influence how nutrients are allocated and translocated.
- 5. Environmental Factors Soil Composition and pH Soil type, texture, and pH can affect nutrient availability and solubility. Certain nutrients are more available at specific pH levels. Moisture Availability Adequate water is essential for nutrient transport. Drought conditions can limit nutrient uptake and translocation.
- 6. Temperature Temperature affects metabolic rates and enzyme activity, influencing nutrient uptake and transport processes. Light Availability Light influences photosynthesis, which produces sugars that are transported via the phloem. Insufficient light can reduce nutrient translocation.
- 7. Biological Factors Microbial Activity Soil microorganisms can enhance nutrient availability through processes like nitrogen fixation and decomposition, affecting nutrient uptake by plants. Mycorrhizal Associations Mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, increasing nutrient absorption, particularly phosphorus. Plant Species and Variety Different plant species have varying abilities to uptake and translocate nutrients based on their genetic makeup and adaptations.
- 8. Nutrient Interactions Nutrient Competition Some nutrients can compete for uptake sites on root surfaces, affecting the availability of certain nutrients. Toxicity and Deficiency High concentrations of certain nutrients can be toxic, while deficiencies can limit growth and nutrient transport.
- 9. Hormonal Regulation Plant Hormones Hormones such as auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins can influence root growth, nutrient uptake, and the overall transport of nutrients within the plant.
- 10. Transport Mechanisms Xylem and Phloem Function The xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the leaves, while the phloem transports organic compounds (like sugars) from the leaves to other parts of the plant. The efficiency
- 11. References Taiz, L., & Zeiger, E. (2010). *Plant Physiology* (5th ed.). Raven, P. H., Evert, R. F., & Eichhorn, S. E. (2005). Biology of Plants* (7th ed.). Melis, A. (2009). "Solar Energy Conversion by Photosynthetic Microorganisms." Photosynthesis Research, 101(1), 1-17. Long, S. P., Ainsworth, E. A., Rogers, A., & Ort, D. R. (2004). "Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Plants Face a Global Change."Trends in Plant Science, 9(2), 95- 101. Flexas, J., & Medrano, H. (2002). "Drought-Inhibition of Photosynthesis in C3 Plants: Stomatal and Non-Stomatal Components."Plant Biology, 4(3), 263-274