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Objectives:
• By the end of this presentation, you will understand;
• Biofertilizers Definition
• Importance of Bio-fertilizer
• What are the advantages of biofertilizers over chemical
fertilizers?
• Disadvantages of Bio-fertiliser
• What are the main sources of Bio-fertilize?
• What are the effects of biofertilizer?
• Types of biofertilizers
• Biofertilizers application techniques

Biofertilizers Definition
“Biofertilizers are substances that contain
microorganisms, which when added to the
soil increase its fertility and promotes plant
growth.”

• Importance of Biofertilizers
• Biofertilizers are important for the following reasons:
• Biofertilizers improve the soil texture and yield of plants.
• They do not allow pathogens to flourish.
• They are eco-friendly and cost-effective.
• Biofertilizers protect the environment from pollutants since
they are natural fertilizers.
• They destroy many harmful substances present in the soil
that can cause plant diseases.
• Biofertilizers are proved to be effective even under semi-
arid conditions.

• To restore the soil's fertility, biofertilizers are necessary. The
use of chemical fertilizers over a lengthy period damages the
soil and reduces crop output. On the other side, biofertilizers
improve the soil's ability to hold water while also adding vital
minerals like nitrogen, vitamins, and proteins. Since they are a
natural source of fertilizer, agriculture uses them extensively.

• What are the advantages of biofertilizers over chemical
fertilizers?
• Biofertilizers are cost-effective.
• They reduce the risk of plant diseases.
• The health of the people consuming the vegetables grown by
the addition of chemical fertilizers is more at risk.
• Biofertilizers do not cause any type of pollution.

• Disadvantages of Bio-Fertilisers
• Strict aseptic precautions are required during the
manufacture of microbial fertilizer. During microbial mass
manufacturing, contamination is a common problem.
• Microbes are killed when exposed to sunlight for an
extended period of time because they are light-sensitive.
• When stored at room temperature, microbial fertilizers
must be used within six months, and when stored at
chilling temperature, it must be used within two years.

• Biofertilizer is a type of fertilizer containing living
microorganisms, that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil.
The main sources of biofertilizers are bacteria, fungi, and
cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). They form a symbiotic
relationship with plants, in which the partners derive benefits
from each other.
What are the main sources of biofertilizers?

What are the effects of biofertilizers?
• The use of biofertilizers improves soil fertility by
fixing atmospheric nitrogen, solubilizing insoluble
phosphates, producing plant growth-promoting
substances in the soil , and promoting nodulation
ability, which increases yield by 16–60%

Types of biofertilizers
• 1. Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium
• 2. Loose association of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria
• 3. Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacteria
• 4. Free-living bacteria that fix Nitrogen

1. Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium
Rhizobium is one of the essential symbiotic bacteria that fix
nitrogen. Both rich and developing nations stand to gain
significantly from lowering their reliance on nitrogenous
fertilizers in agriculture, and there is a great deal of interest in
research into biological nitrogen fixing and the possibility of
growing its significance in an agricultural environment. The
transformation of atmospheric N2 into NH3, which is a form
that plants may utilize, is known as biological nitrogen
fixation.

2. Loose association of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria
• Azospirillum is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that
coexists with higher plants but does not form close
bonds with them. Rhizosphere association is a
common name for it because these bacteria gather
plant exudate and use it as food. The phrase
"associative mutualism" refers to this process.

3. Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacteria
• Cyanobacteria or blue-green algae form a symbiotic
relationship with several plants. Among the
cyanobacteria that fix nitrogen are liverworts, cycad
roots, ferns, and lichens

4. Free-living bacteria that fix Nitrogen
• They are nitrogen-fixing soil microorganisms
that live freely. They include saprotrophic
anaerobes such as Azotobacter, Clostridium
beijerinckii, etc.
• . Acting as an alternative to artificial fertilizers,
it also has a significant impact on agriculture.
• The most often utilised biofertilizers are
Rhizobium and Azospirillum.

How should one use biofertilizer and achieve good
results
• Use biofertilizers in the proper mix and before the
expiration date.
• Use the recommended application technique and
apply at the right time according to the instructions
on the label.
• For best results, use an appropriate adhesive when
treating seeds.
• Use corrective techniques for difficult soils, such as
seed pelleting with gypsum or lime, or adjusting
the pH of the soil using lime.

• Make sure phosphorous and other nutrients are available.
• Packets of biofertilizer must be kept in a cool, dry area away
from heat and sunshine.
• The proper biofertilizer combinations must be employed.
• Rhizobium should only be used for the designated crop since
it is crop-specific.
• The biofertilizers shouldn't be used with other chemicals.

• One should make sure that every packet has the appropriate
information before making a purchase, such as the product's
name, the crop it is meant for, the manufacturer's name and
address, the date it was manufactured, its expiration date, the
batch number, and usage instructions.
• The package must be utilized before it expires, only on the
designated crop, and using the suggested application
technique.

• Because they are live products, biofertilizers need to be stored
carefully.
• For the greatest results, employ both phosphatic and
nitrogenous biofertilizers.
• Along with chemical fertilizers and organic manures,
biofertilizers should be used.
• Although they cannot replace fertilizers, biofertilizers can help
plants get the additional nutrients they need.

Biofertilizers application techniques
• Seed inoculation
• Soil application
• Cutting or set treatment
• Seedling Root Dip Method

Method of biofertilizer
inoculation
• A) Seed treatment:
• For inoculation of cereals like rice, wheat, sorghum, maize etc.; and
oilseeds like groundnut, sunflower, mustard, safflower, pulses like
cowpea, green gram, black gram, soybean etc., seed treatment of
bio-fertilizer is recommended. One packet {200g} is sufficient to treat
10-12 kg seed. On this basis the dose of bio-fertilizer per acre can
be worked out, based on the seed rate.
• Method:
 Keep the seeds required for sowing one acre in a heap on a clean
cemented floor or gunny bag.
 Prepare culture suspension by mixing I packet {200g} bio-fertilizer in
approx. 400 ml water {1:2}
 Sprinkle the culture suspension on the heap of the seeds and mix by
hand so that thin coating is uniformly applied to the seeds.
 Spread the seeds under shade for sometime for drying and then
sowing.

Soil application method
• Mix 2-3kg each of the Azotobacter And PSB culture pakets with 100 kg of well
decomposed cattel manre /compost for one acre of land and sprinkle water to the
mixer
• Keep the mixer overnight for curing broadcast into soil at the time of planting or at
the time of irrigation
• For long time duration crop bio-fertilizer (200g) mixed with 80-120 kg cattle
manure or soil for one acre land

Bio-fertilizer application in tomato
• Prepare the suspension by mixing l kg (5 packets) each of Azotobacter
and PSB culture in 15-20 litres of water.
• Get the tomato seedlings
required for one acre of land
• Dip root portion of seedlings in the suspension for 30 minutes and
transfer to the main field.

Wajid-Bio fertilizerhxyxxyxucucucuxycycy.pptx

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