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April 9 1865
Conclusion of the American Civil War
Gebeurtenis
Context
• 1860 presidential election
   o 11 southern slave states secede: the Confederacy
   o Other 25 states support federal government: the Union

• Conflicts escalate to total civil war
• Union quickly captures border states
   o Naval blockade

• Land warfare inconclusive
   o Confederate beats Union advances towards capital Richmond, Virginia

• Confederate northward advance ended 1863
   o General Robert E. Lee loses Battle of Gettysburg
Gebeurtenis
Conquest of Virginia
• Ulysses S. Grant made commander of Union forces
   o After western successes

• Plan:
   o Total war: destruction of Confederate forces and economic base
   o Organized Union armies for attack from all directions
   o Restructuring of Union army

• Notable Battles
   o Overland Campaign: Grant battles of attrition against Lee
   o Siege of Petersburg: Grant destroys Lee’s army
   o Union Gen. Sherman captures Atlanta and destroys infrastructure
Confederate Surrender
• Battle of Five Forks
   o Gen. Grant finishes Lee’s army

• April 9, 1865: Gen. Lee surrender
   o Other Confederate armies follow suit
   o Marks end of war

• May 9: Official declaration of end of war
• June 22: Last shot is fired
• June 23: Stand Watie is last general to surrender
Bronnen
• John W. Chambers, II, ed. in chief, The Oxford
  Companion to American Military History. Oxford
  University Press, 1999, ISBN 978-0-19-507198-6. P. 849.
• Mark E. Neely Jr.; "Was the Civil War a Total War?"
  Civil War History, Vol. 50, 2004
• McPherson, Battle Cry
• American Civil War: www.wikipedia.org

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Gebeurtenis

  • 1. April 9 1865 Conclusion of the American Civil War
  • 3. Context • 1860 presidential election o 11 southern slave states secede: the Confederacy o Other 25 states support federal government: the Union • Conflicts escalate to total civil war • Union quickly captures border states o Naval blockade • Land warfare inconclusive o Confederate beats Union advances towards capital Richmond, Virginia • Confederate northward advance ended 1863 o General Robert E. Lee loses Battle of Gettysburg
  • 5. Conquest of Virginia • Ulysses S. Grant made commander of Union forces o After western successes • Plan: o Total war: destruction of Confederate forces and economic base o Organized Union armies for attack from all directions o Restructuring of Union army • Notable Battles o Overland Campaign: Grant battles of attrition against Lee o Siege of Petersburg: Grant destroys Lee’s army o Union Gen. Sherman captures Atlanta and destroys infrastructure
  • 6. Confederate Surrender • Battle of Five Forks o Gen. Grant finishes Lee’s army • April 9, 1865: Gen. Lee surrender o Other Confederate armies follow suit o Marks end of war • May 9: Official declaration of end of war • June 22: Last shot is fired • June 23: Stand Watie is last general to surrender
  • 7. Bronnen • John W. Chambers, II, ed. in chief, The Oxford Companion to American Military History. Oxford University Press, 1999, ISBN 978-0-19-507198-6. P. 849. • Mark E. Neely Jr.; "Was the Civil War a Total War?" Civil War History, Vol. 50, 2004 • McPherson, Battle Cry • American Civil War: www.wikipedia.org