Getting to Know ???????? Verbs
0 likes379 views
This document provides an overview of biblical Hebrew ???????? verbs. It begins with introductions and definitions, then presents the basic verb patterns of the ???????? in perfect, imperfect, imperative, infinitive, and participle forms. Key identification features are the prefixed ? and the distinctive i-class vowel in the second root letter. Various forms are demonstrated with the root ???. The document concludes with credits for images used.
![When the same ? ??5??is used in
both ? 3??and ? ,?????????the ?3??
version often means ¡°to do
such-and-such¡± and the ??????????
version means ¡°to make
[someone] do such-and-such.¡±
12](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gtk-hiphil-130221193516-phpapp01/85/Getting-to-Know-Verbs-12-320.jpg)
More Related Content
What's hot (8)
Similar to Getting to Know ???????? Verbs (20)
More from Chris Heard (8)
Recently uploaded (20)
Getting to Know ???????? Verbs
- 1. Biblical Hebrew Getting to Know ? ?????????Verbs by Chris Heard
- 2. Table of Contents Abbreviations .............................. 3 Getting Ready .............................. 4 Using ? ?????????Verbs ..................... 9 The Basic Patterns .................... 14 Recognizing ? ?????????Verbs ........ 16 Credits ........................................ 37
- 3. Abbreviations 1, 2, 3 indicate grammatical person m, f, c indicate grammatical gender s, p indicate grammatical number R1, R2, R3 indicate root letters 3
- 4. Getting Ready Before we start getting to know the ? ,????????????*?)??let¡¯s run a few preflight checks. 4
- 5. Do you remember how a Hebrew verb changes to form the various combinations of person, gender, and number, as well as perfect and imperfect? 5
- 6. If you answered ¡°yes,¡±?you¡¯re ready for the ?!????????????*?)?? 6
- 7. Remember that certain patterns can create predictable variations. This slideshow focuses on core patterns. It does not illustrate every possible variation. 7
- 8. Furthermore, this slideshow is intended to supplement, not replace, classroom instruction and practice. 8
- 9. Using ? ?????????Verbs The ? ?????????is the second most frequently used ? ???*?)??in the .????0?? (after ? .)3??The .? ???0??contains over 9,300 instances of verbs in ?.????????? 9
- 10. Verbs in ? ?????????are active, and often transitive (taking direct objects). 10
- 11. Verbs in ? ?????????often describe some sort of change that the subject imposes on an object. Therefore, you may hear the ? ?????????described as ¡°causative.¡± 11
- 12. When the same ? ??5??is used in both ? 3??and ? ,?????????the ?3?? version often means ¡°to do such-and-such¡± and the ?????????? version means ¡°to make [someone] do such-and-such.¡± 12
- 13. However, this is only a trend, not a hard-and-fast rule, so you should learn each verb¡¯s particular use in the ?.????????? 13
- 14. The Basic Patterns Memorize the following basic patterns first, and then we¡¯ll go through the specifics. 14
- 15. .????????? He threw (3ms perfect) .??0?????? He will throw (3ms imperfect) .???????? Throw! (ms imperative) .????????? To throw (infinitive) .????????? Throwing (ms participle) 15
- 16. Recognizing ? ?????????Verbs You can tell from the name ¡°? ¡±?????????that the most noticeable sign of this ? ???*?)??is a prefixed ¨C?.?? 16
- 17. However, that ¨C? ??won¡¯t be visible in the imperfect and participle forms, so you¡¯ll need to learn a few other ? ?????????traits. 17
- 18. Alert! When a ? ?????????verb has no suffix or a vowel as a suffix, its R2 will have a distinctive ?.???5???????? 18
- 19. However, when a ? ?????????verb has a suffix that starts with a consonant, R2¡¯s distinctive ? ???5????????will become a different vowel, usually a ? ???=??in the perfect and a ? ??@??in other forms. 19
- 20. Therefore, you mustn¡¯t rely on R2¡¯s distinctive ????5???????? to identify ? ?????????verbs. 20
- 21. Recognizing the ? ?????????Perfect If you see a verb with a perfect suffix and a ¨C???? prefix, it¡¯s probably a ? ?????????perfect. 21
- 22. Just make sure the prefix is really ¨C?? ??and not ¨CB? ,????to avoid confusing the ?????????? with the ???????B?.???? 22
- 23. The ? ?????????perfect¡¯s prefix usually appears as ¨C?? ,??but can also be ¨C??( ??if R2 is ? )??or ¨C??( ??if R2 is ?.)?? 23
- 24. ?????G???? ????? ? The prefixed ??? The suffix ???????????? ? with an i-class indicates ???????? ?? ? ? ? ???? ? vowel indicates a perfect. a ?.????????? ???????? ?? ????? ? 24
- 25. ????? ??G???? ? ? The prefixed ??? The suffix ??? ? ??????? ????? with an i-class indicates ??????????? ? ? vowel indicates a perfect. a ?.????????? ????????????? ?? 25
- 26. Recognizing the ? ?????????Imperfect If?a verb has an imperfect prefix with an a-class vowel (usually ? )???=??and R2 has an i-class vowel (usually ????5???????? or ? ,??@??depending on the suffix), you have a ? ?????????imperfect. 26
- 27. ?? ??????? ???? ? ? The affixes ?? ???? ?????G??? ? The prefix¡¯s ????=?? indicate an and R2¡¯s i-vowel imperfect. ? ?? ???? ?????????? ? ? indicate a ?.????????? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ? ? 27
- 28. Recognizing the ? ?????????Imperative If a verb starts with?¨C?? ??but otherwise looks like a 2fs, 2mp, or 2fp ? ?????????imperfect, it¡¯s a ? ?????????imperative with the same gender and number. 28
- 29. Almost the same goes for the ms imperative, but in addition to the ¨C???? prefix, the ms imperative has a ???@?? where the 2ms imperfect has ?:???5???????? ?????G???? ????? 2ms ? ?????????imperfect ????G???? ? ? ms ? ?????????imperative 29
- 30. Alert! The ???????O? ??imperative also starts with a prefixed -?? ,??but the forms are otherwise distinctive: ???????? ?? ? ms ???????O? ??imperative ?????G???? ????? 3ms ? ?????????perfect 30
- 31. Recognizing the ? ?????????Infinitives The ? ?????????infinitive* looks just like the 3ms ? ?????????imperfect with a ¨C?? ??instead of the normal imperfect prefix. * Or ¡°infinitive construct.¡± 31
- 32. The ? ?????????adverbial infinitive* looks just like the ms imperative. You¡¯ll have to use context to tell them apart. Try imperative first; they¡¯re almost three times as common in the .?.???0?? * Or ¡°infinitive absolute.¡± 32
- 33. Recognizing the ? ?????????Participle The ms ? ?????????participle resembles the 3ms ? ?????????imperfect, but with a ¨C??? instead of the imperfect prefix. ?????G???? ????? 3ms imperfect ?????G???? ????? ms participle 33
- 34. The mp and fp participles take the familiar plural endings ?? ??? ?¨C and ?. ¨C??? 34
- 35. The fs participle is a little bit different from the others. Its R2 has a ? ??????instead of ?,???5???????? and it takes the suffix ?. ??? ?¨C ? ?????G???? ????? ms participle ??? ? ??? ?????G ? fs participle 35
- 36. Summary ?????G??3 ??ms perfect ????? ?????G0?3 ??ms imperfect ????? In all of these ????G?? ??ms imperative ? ? forms, look for ?????G?? ??infinitive ????? the prefix and ????G?? ??adv. infinitive ? ? R2¡¯s i-vowel. ?????G?? ??ms participle ????? 36
- 37. Credits Dead Sea photo by Wikimedia Commons contributor Xta11. Used under a CC-SA license. All other content by Dr. Chris Heard, Associate Professor of Religion, Pepperdine University. Released under a CC-BY license. 37