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LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place, person or group to
another (SkillsYouNeed, 2020). It is the process of sending and receiving messages through verbal or
nonverbal means, including speech, or oral communication; writing and graphical representations
(such as infographics, maps, and charts); and signs, signals, and behavior (Nordquist, 2020). At its
core, communications is the use of messages to generate meaning, both within and across a myriad
of cultures, contexts, channels, and media. Through the effective practice of communications, we
are able to improve cultural, social, personal, and professional experiences, whether between
individual, enterprises or even nations (What is Communications Studies?, 2020).
MEDIA
Media refers to various channels of communication between a person or persons and their intended
audience. Television, radio, newspapers and the internet are different types of Media. One of the
oldest forms of media is print. Thanks to the ever-changing technology, our exposure to media is
almost nonstop. Media shapes our perceptions of what is real. It surrounds us in the forms of
billboards, signage, and even the clothes you wear. We have radio, television, computers, and
smartphones. We have the internet, online video channels, and all sorts of social media. So, stop
and look around, media is everywhere, and it’s not going away anytime soon. Learn about it,
understand it, so that you may be media-smart.
Simply put, media are the things or gadgets that we use in order to convey the details of the
information that we want to impart or communicate to people, and the society in general. Example,
if you want to notify your classmate of a meeting organized by a club you joined, how will you go
about communicating the information? Will you send text messages through your cellular phone?
Or maybe send a private message through social media? Or write it down on a paper, and hang it on
visible places around the campus? Whichever way, you must use a medium to communicate the
information. Hence, communication and media are directly interrelated, such that media serves as a
platform by which one can meaningfully express and communicate oneself.
Furthermore, a specific media (thing/ gadget) can either be a Source of Information, a Medium of
Communication, or both. A media is considered a source of information if the use of the media
provides knowledge and information about something, while a media used as a channel to convey
information is considered a medium of communication. A media can also be simultaneously used
both as a source and a medium of information.
INFLUENCE OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION TO COMMUNICATION
Media and information technology play a vital role in globalization. Through these, we become
connected to different people around the world. These have a significant influence on the modern
culture and become tools in sharing information, ideas, personal messages, and other content
and have become more widespread and accessible. Not only that they become sources of
information, but entertainment as well. Media, particularly social media provides great ways to
connect, to interact, and to communicate with friends and family while living separately. We can
share pictures, videos, some information among our friends who are far away from us. Through
social media, you can make strong your existing relationships and can make new friends from all
over the world through different social networking websites (A Research Guide for Students, 2019).
Social media reduce the barriers of communication and making it easier for everyone to express
their thoughts to the world (EASE Technology Solutions, 2016). Indeed, as technology grows and
expands our range of communication, media is becoming a vital tool for daily social interaction.
While media can be a good channel for communication and a good source of information, they also
pose some threats to users. Among these are as follows.
1. Media becomes a source of misinformation and fake news. These sometimes are utilized to
push personal gain and agenda, making the receiver of the information deceived, confused
and misinformed.
2. Though media help us improve the way we communicate, it is also abused by many.
Everybody publishes whatever they want and unmindful of the consequences of their posts.
Social media made everyone feel that they are allowed to say whatever comes to their
mind, making them say things that they would not normally say on personal encounters,
thus fueling up bullying (EASE Technology Solutions, 2016).
3. Media can also pose medical, social and psychological issues. What is posted on media may
cause dissatisfaction with body image, creates addiction, promote identity stealing and can
destroy interpersonal relationships.
Different concepts in Media and Information Literacy
A. Literacy- The ability to
identify,
understand, interpret,
create,

communicate and
compute, using
printed and written
materials associated
with varying contexts.
Literacy involves
a continuum of learning,
wherein
individuals are able to
achieve their
goals, develop their
knowledge and
potential, and participate
fully in their
community and wider
society.
B. Media- The physical
objects used
to communicate with or the
mass
communication through
physical objects
such as radio, television,
computers,

film, etc. It also refers to any
physical
object used to communicate
messages.
C. Media Literacy- The ability
to access,
analyze, evaluate, and create
media in
a variety of forms. It aims to
empower
citizens by providing them
with the
competencies (knowledge
and skills)
necessary to engage with
traditional
media and new
technologies.
D. Information- A broad
term that covers
processed data, knowledge
derived
from study, experience,
instruction,

signals or symbols.
A. Literacy- The ability to
identify,
understand, interpret,
create,
communicate and
compute, using
printed and written
materials associated
with varying contexts.
Literacy involves
a continuum of learning,
wherein
individuals are able to
achieve their
goals, develop their
knowledge and
potential, and participate
fully in their
community and wider
society.
B. Media- The physical
objects used

to communicate with or the
mass
communication through
physical objects
such as radio, television,
computers,
film, etc. It also refers to any
physical
object used to communicate
messages.
C. Media Literacy- The ability
to access,
analyze, evaluate, and create
media in
a variety of forms. It aims to
empower
citizens by providing them
with the
competencies (knowledge
and skills)
necessary to engage with
traditional
media and new
technologies.

D. Information- A broad
term that covers
processed data, knowledge
derived
from study, experience,
instruction,
signals or symbols.
A. Literacy- The ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute, using
printed and written materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of
learning, wherein individuals are able to achieve their goals, develop their knowledge and potential,
and participate fully in their community and wider society.
B. Media- The physical objects used to communicate with or the mass communication through
physical objects such as radio, television, computers, film, etc. It also refers to any physical object
used to communicate messages.
C. Media Literacy- The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms. It
aims to empower citizens by providing them with the competencies (knowledge and skills)
necessary to engage with traditional media and new technologies.
D. Information- A broad term that covers processed data, knowledge derived from study,
experience, instruction, signals or symbols.
E. Information Literacy- The
ability to
recognize when information
is needed,
and to locate, evaluate, and
effectively
communicate information in
its various
formats.
F. Technology (Digital)
Literacy-

The ability of an individual,
either
working independently or
with others,
to responsibly,
appropriately, and
effectively use
technological tools.
Using these tools an
individual can
access, manage, integrate,
evaluate,
create and communicate
information.
G. Media and Information
Literacy-
The essential skills and
competencies
that allow individuals to
engage with
media and other
information providers
effectively, as well as
develop critical

thinking and life-long
learning skills to
socialize and become active
citizens.
E. Information Literacy- The ability to recognize when information is needed, and to locate,
evaluate, and effectively communicate information in its various formats.
F. Technology (Digital) Literacy- The ability of an individual, either working independently or with
others, to responsibly, appropriately, and effectively use technological tools. Using these tools an
individual can access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create and communicate information.
G. Media and Information Literacy- The essential skills and competencies that allow individuals to
engage with media and other information providers effectively, as well as develop critical thinking
and life-long learning skills to socialize and become active citizens.
Responsible use of Media and Information
STAGES OF INFORMATION LITERACY (Tips on becoming Media and Information Literate)
Questions to be answered:
1. Why do we need information?
2. Where do we search for information?
3. How do we acquire and store information?
4. How do we use the information that we have?
5. How will we communicate the information that we have acquired?

Do you consider yourself as a media and information literate individual? Why or why not?
Activity 1: Case Analysis
Given below are situations that depict a specific literacy that an individual exhibits. Identify if it
is Media Literacy, Information Literacy, Technology (Digital) Literacy, or Media and Information
Literacy. The first one is done for you.
Activity 2: Concept Map
Create a concept map/graphic organizer showing the positive effects of different media
platforms in communication and sharing of information. Do it in a bond paper.
Activity 3: What I have learned?
Answer the following questions based on your learning. Be brief and concise.
1. From your own point of view, make a list that describes a person who is literate in
media and information. Write down at least five (5) characteristics.
2. Which media provider did you spend the most time? And what role does this media
provider play in your life as a SHS student?
3. Why do you think it is important to be literate in media, technology, and information?
Activity 3: Information Ethics
Given below are hypothetical situations that require your unbiased opinion and educated judgment.
Write your point of view as to each situation.

1. You are researching on an assignment in your subject in Media and Information Literacy.
You came along an article online that amazingly can answer the research assignment
perfectly well. You copy and pasted it into one great essay, complete with pictures and
other visuals. You did not cite your references in order to impress your perfectionist and
strict teacher.
2. A family friend, who also happens to be your classmate in one of your classes was diagnosed
with an incurable illness. Your close family ties enabled you to know the status of her health,
including its severity, and asked you to refrain from spilling out the information outside of
your family circle. In order to help her with her absences and academic standing, you told
your class adviser about her health status.
3. You are living in a peaceful community within your barangay where everyone practically
knows everyone. Lately, there have been rumors circulating around the neighborhood that
one of your friends is into illegal drugs. Upon investigation and personal interview, you
found out that he is actually using marijuana because of an emotional problem within his
family. You decided to help him by enlisting the help of psychologists and authorities in
order to help him rehabilitate and cope with the problem. True enough, he was sent to a
rehabilitation center in order to undergo debriefing. The news spread like wildfire within the
neighborhood and soon, his family’s problems was then discussed out in the open. Your
friend’s family have branded you a traitor for helping the “arrest” of your friend and
ultimately revealing their problems to the entire neighborhood
Performance Task: Poster/Slogan-Making
Make a poster campaigning for responsible use of media and information. A rubric will be provided.
(The teacher will be asked to post it in your Facebook account)

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