Protein synthesis trenton stouffer

Feb 27, 2014Download as PPTX, PDF0 likes497 views

The document describes the process of protein synthesis. It explains that RNA polymerase first breaks the hydrogen bonds of DNA to copy it and make an mRNA strand. The mRNA strand then leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pore into the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, the mRNA binds to a ribosome where tRNA reads its bases and adds complementary amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.

TCAGCGTATATG
AGTCGCATATAC

First, RNA Polmerase breaks the hydrogen
bonds to read for the complementary
base.

TCAGCGTATATG
AGTCGCATATAC

First, RNA Polymerase breaks the
hydrogen bonds to read for the
complementary base.

A

TCAGCGTATATG
AGTCGCATATAC

First, RNA Polymerase breaks the
hydrogen bonds to read for the
complementary base.

AG

TCAGCGTATATG
AGTCGCATATAC

First, RNA Polymerase breaks the
hydrogen bonds to read for the
complementary base.

AGU

TCAGCGTATATG
AGTCGCATATAC

First, RNA Polymerase breaks the
hydrogen bonds to read for the
complementary base.

AGUC

TCAGCGTATATG
AGTCGCATATAC

First, RNA Polymerase breaks the
hydrogen bonds to read for the
complementary base.

AGUCG

TCAGCGTATATG
AGTCGCATATAC

First, RNA Polymerase breaks the
hydrogen bonds to read for the
complementary base.

AGUCGC

TCAGCGTATATG
AGTCGCATATAC

First, RNA Polymerase breaks the
hydrogen bonds to read for the
complementary base.

AGUCGCA

TCAGCGTATATG
AGTCGCATATAC

First, RNA Polymerase breaks the
hydrogen bonds to read for the
complementary base.

AGUCGCAU

TCAGCGTATATG
AGTCGCATATAC

First, RNA Polymerase breaks the
hydrogen bonds to read for the
complementary base.

AGUCGCAUA

TCAGCGTATATG
AGTCGCATATAC

First, RNA Polymerase breaks the
hydrogen bonds to read for the
complementary base.

AGUCGCAUAU

TCAGCGTATATG
AGTCGCATATAC

First, RNA Polymerase breaks the
hydrogen bonds to read for the
complementary base.

AGUCGCAUAUA

TCAGCGTATATG
AGTCGCATATAC

First, RNA Polymerase breaks the
hydrogen bonds to read for the
complementary base.

AGUCGCAUAUAC

TCAGCGTATATG
AGTCGCATATAC

First, RNA Polymerase breaks the
hydrogen bonds to read for the
complementary base.

mRNA strand

AGUCGCAUAUAC

TCAGCGTATATG
AGTCGCATATAC

First, RNA Polymerase breaks the
hydrogen bonds to read for the
complementary base.

DNA

mRNA

Nuclear
pore

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Ribosome

Next, the mRNA strands
copied from the DNA
leaves the Nucleus out
the Nuclear pore so it
can find a ribosome

DNA
Nuclear
pore

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Ribosome

Next, the mRNA strands
copied from the DNA
leaves the Nucleus out
the Nuclear pore so it
can find a ribosome

Ribosome
Large Subunit
mRNA
Small Subunit

mRNA Strand
Codons

AGUCGCAUAUAC

Start
Codon

Stop
Codon

Amino Acid

AGUCGCAUAUAC

Third, the tRNA molecule read the
complementary bases and leaves it
amino acid behind to create a poly
peptide chain.

UCA
AGUCGCAUAUAC

Third, the tRNA molecule read the
complementary bases and leaves it
amino acid behind to create a poly
peptide chain.

UCA
GCG
AGUCGCAUAUAC

Third, the tRNA molecule read the
complementary bases and leaves it
amino acid behind to create a poly
peptide chain.

GCG

UAU
AGUCGCAUAUAC

Third, the tRNA molecule read the
complementary bases and leaves it
amino acid behind to create a poly
peptide chain.

UAU

AUG
AGUCGCAUAUAC

Now the tRNA hits the stop codon
and quits reading the polypeptide
chain.

AUG
AGUCGCAUAUAC

Now the tRNA hits the stop codon
and quits reading the polypeptide
chain.

AGUCGCAUAUAC

Now the tRNA hits the stop codon
and quits reading the polypeptide
chain.

AGUCGCAUAUAC

Finally, the tRNA reads and makes the
complementary bases and leaves
behind the amino acid so it can form
a poly peptide chain from the peptide
bonds in the proteins.

Protein Synthesis Review
The first step is the RNA Primase separates the hydrogen bond from the DNA
and read it so it can make a complementary mRNA strand. Second, the mRNA
strands leaves the nucleus by entering the nuclear pore. Once out of the
Nucleus the mRNA finds a ribosome. Third, when it is inside of the ribosome
the mRNA gets read by the tRNA. Then the amino acids attach and the
matching bases get copied. Then the amino acids is disposed of and a
polypeptide bond is made in the amino acid and a polypeptide chain is then
created to finish off Protein Synthesis.

The document outlines the process of protein synthesis. First, RNA polymerase transcribes DNA in the nucleus to produce mRNA. The mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes then translate the mRNA by linking amino acids specified by codons until reaching a stop codon, forming a polypeptide chain. The polypeptide chain folds into its final three-dimensional protein structure.

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The document outlines the process of protein synthesis. First, RNA polymerase transcribes DNA in the nucleus to produce mRNA. The mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes then translate the mRNA into a polypeptide chain as tRNA brings amino acids to pair with mRNA codons. The process continues until a stop codon is reached, resulting in a folded protein with tertiary structure.

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The document describes the process of transcription and translation. It shows that transcription occurs in the nucleus, where RNA polymerase unwinds DNA and reads the sequence to produce mRNA. The mRNA then exits the nucleus through the nuclear pore and enters the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, rRNA binds to form ribosomes which attach to the start codon of mRNA. tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome to synthesize a protein based on the mRNA sequence.

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RNA has a similar structure to DNA but contains uracil instead of thymine and is single-stranded. There are three main types of RNA: mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to sites of protein synthesis, tRNA transports amino acids and binds to mRNA during protein assembly, and rRNA is a component of ribosomes and helps them bind to mRNA. Protein synthesis involves transcription of DNA to mRNA which is then translated by ribosomes into a polypeptide chain according to the mRNA sequence.

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Transcription occurs in the cell nucleus where DNA is unzipped and RNA polymerase adds complementary RNA nucleotides to the DNA template strand, forming mRNA. The mRNA is processed - a cap and tail are added and introns are removed. The completed mRNA contains codons of three nucleotides that code for amino acids. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm where the mRNA binds to ribosomes and tRNA molecules with matching anticodons deliver amino acids specified by mRNA codons, assembling the polypeptide chain specified by the mRNA.

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This document is a flip book that summarizes the process of protein synthesis. It shows how DNA is transcribed into mRNA by RNA polymerase in the nucleus. The mRNA is then transported out of the nucleus through the nuclear pore and binds to the ribosome in the cytoplasm. The ribosome reads the mRNA codons and binds transfer RNA (tRNA) with complementary anticodons. The tRNA brings amino acids to form peptide bonds and a polypeptide chain, which eventually folds into a functional protein.

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This flip book depicts the process of protein synthesis, showing how DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated by ribosomes into a polypeptide chain. The flip book steps through transcription, where RNA polymerase copies DNA into mRNA, then translation, where the mRNA passes through the ribosome and interacts with tRNA and rRNA to add amino acids in the correct order specified by codons until a full protein is synthesized.

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The document describes the process of transcription and translation. During transcription, RNA polymerase reads a DNA template in the nucleus and synthesizes mRNA, adding nucleotides one by one. The mRNA strand is then exported from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. During translation, the mRNA binds to ribosomes where tRNA molecules add amino acids to form a polypeptide chain based on the mRNA sequence. The ribosome reads the mRNA codons and adds the corresponding amino acids until reaching a stop codon.

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The document outlines the process of protein synthesis: 1) RNA polymerase transcribes DNA into mRNA in the nucleus; 2) the mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm; 3) the ribosomes then translate the mRNA into a polypeptide chain as tRNA molecules add amino acids according to the mRNA codons. This process continues until a stop codon is reached, resulting in a functional protein.

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The document outlines the process of protein synthesis. First, RNA polymerase transcribes DNA in the nucleus to produce mRNA. The mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes then translate the mRNA by matching tRNA anticodons to mRNA codons, linking amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain. Translation continues until a stop codon is reached, and the final polypeptide folds into its tertiary structure.

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1. RNA polymerase binds to DNA and unwinds it to create an initiation bubble, then binds to the promoter region. 2. RNA polymerase reads the DNA and creates mRNA, which exits the nucleus into the cytoplasm when it reaches a stop codon. 3. During translation, the mRNA binds to a ribosome and tRNAs bring complementary anticodons, attaching amino acids to form a protein chain until a stop codon causes the ribosome to detach.

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The document describes the process of protein synthesis. It shows RNA polymerase transcribing DNA in the nucleus to produce mRNA. The mRNA exits the nucleus through nuclear pores and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. The ribosomes then translate the mRNA into a polypeptide chain as tRNA molecules add amino acids specified by mRNA codons. This process continues until a stop codon is reached, resulting in a completed protein that folds into its tertiary structure.

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The document is a flipbook that illustrates the process of protein synthesis. It shows RNA polymerase transcribing DNA into mRNA in the nucleus. The mRNA then exits the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. The ribosome reads the mRNA and pairs transfer RNA molecules with its codons to assemble amino acids into a protein chain via peptide bonds. Once a stop codon is reached, the completed protein folds into its tertiary structure.

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The document describes the process of protein synthesis, which occurs in two main steps: transcription and translation. In transcription, RNA polymerase copies DNA in the nucleus to produce mRNA. The mRNA then passes through the nuclear pores into the cytoplasm. In translation, the mRNA binds to ribosomes where the sequence of bases is translated into a polypeptide chain of amino acids. The chain then folds into the tertiary structure required for the protein to function.

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RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of DNA in the nucleus. It unwinds the DNA and reads the coding regions to create a complementary mRNA strand. The mRNA then passes through the nuclear pore into the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, the ribosome binds to the mRNA. Transfer RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA codons. The amino acids are linked together through peptide bonds to form a protein chain. Once a stop codon is reached, the ribosome releases the completed protein.

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The document summarizes the process of protein synthesis: RNA polymerase first synthesizes mRNA in the nucleus by transcribing DNA; the mRNA is then exported from the nucleus through the nuclear pore and attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm; ribosomes translate the mRNA into a protein using tRNA to add amino acids specified by codons in the mRNA; translation continues until a stop codon is reached, resulting in a polypeptide chain that folds into the final protein structure.

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The document summarizes the process of protein synthesis in a cell. DNA in the nucleus contains the code for proteins. This code is transcribed into mRNA by RNA polymerase. The mRNA then moves to the cytoplasm where ribosomes read the mRNA code and translate it into a chain of amino acids. Transfer RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA code. The amino acids are linked together into a protein chain and then folded into a unique protein structure.

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The document summarizes the process of transcription and translation in protein synthesis. During transcription, RNA polymerase in the nucleus copies DNA to produce mRNA. The mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm during translation. tRNAs bring amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA code, linking the amino acids together to form a protein chain. Once a stop codon is reached, the protein is complete and released. This two-step process explains how genetic code in DNA is used to synthesize proteins.

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Protein synthesis begins with the transcription of DNA into mRNA within the nucleus. RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands and copies the coding region of DNA into a mRNA strand until reaching the termination sequence. The mRNA strand then exits the nucleus and binds to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. Transfer RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA codons. The amino acids are linked together through peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain until a stop codon is reached. The polypeptide chain folds into its tertiary structure to become a functional protein.

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Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who is considered the father of genetics. He conducted experiments with pea plants in which he studied 7 different traits. Through his experiments, Mendel discovered the principles of heredity, including that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units called genes, and that some genes are dominant while others are recessive. When Mendel crossed plants with different traits, he found that the offspring expressed the traits of only one parent, not a blend, and that recessive traits could reappear in later generations. This led Mendel to propose that genes segregate and assort independently during the formation of gametes.

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The document describes the process of transcription and translation in a cell. RNA polymerase unwinds DNA and creates an mRNA strand in the nucleus. The mRNA strand then moves to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pore. In the cytoplasm, the mRNA strand binds to a ribosome where tRNA brings amino acids to add to a growing polypeptide chain based on the mRNA codons. The polypeptide chain then folds into the final 3D protein structure.

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Protein synthesis trenton stouffer

1. Nucleus

2. Nucleus

3. Nucleus

4. Nucleus

5. Nucleus

6. TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polmerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

7. TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

8. TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

9. TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

10. TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

11. TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

12. TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

13. TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

14. TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

15. TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

16. TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

17. TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

18. TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

19. TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

20. TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

21. A TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

22. AG TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

23. AGU TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

24. AGUC TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

25. AGUCG TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

26. AGUCGC TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

27. AGUCGCA TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

28. AGUCGCAU TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

29. AGUCGCAUA TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

30. AGUCGCAUAU TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

31. AGUCGCAUAUA TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

32. AGUCGCAUAUAC TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

33. AGUCGCAUAUAC TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

34. AGUCGCAUAUAC TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

35. AGUCGCAUAUAC TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

36. mRNA strand AGUCGCAUAUAC TCAGCGTATATG AGTCGCATATAC First, RNA Polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds to read for the complementary base.

37. DNA mRNA Nuclear pore Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosome Next, the mRNA strands copied from the DNA leaves the Nucleus out the Nuclear pore so it can find a ribosome

38. DNA mRNA Nuclear pore Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosome Next, the mRNA strands copied from the DNA leaves the Nucleus out the Nuclear pore so it can find a ribosome

39. DNA mRNA Nuclear pore Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosome Next, the mRNA strands copied from the DNA leaves the Nucleus out the Nuclear pore so it can find a ribosome

40. DNA Nuclear pore Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosome Next, the mRNA strands copied from the DNA leaves the Nucleus out the Nuclear pore so it can find a ribosome

41. DNA Nuclear pore Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosome Next, the mRNA strands copied from the DNA leaves the Nucleus out the Nuclear pore so it can find a ribosome

42. DNA Nuclear pore Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosome Next, the mRNA strands copied from the DNA leaves the Nucleus out the Nuclear pore so it can find a ribosome

43. DNA Nuclear pore Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosome Next, the mRNA strands copied from the DNA leaves the Nucleus out the Nuclear pore so it can find a ribosome

44. DNA Nuclear pore Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosome Next, the mRNA strands copied from the DNA leaves the Nucleus out the Nuclear pore so it can find a ribosome

45. DNA Nuclear pore Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosome Next, the mRNA strands copied from the DNA leaves the Nucleus out the Nuclear pore so it can find a ribosome

46. DNA Nuclear pore Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosome Next, the mRNA strands copied from the DNA leaves the Nucleus out the Nuclear pore so it can find a ribosome

47. Ribosome Large Subunit mRNA Small Subunit

48. mRNA Strand Codons AGUCGCAUAUAC Start Codon Stop Codon

49. Amino Acid AGUCGCAUAUAC Third, the tRNA molecule read the complementary bases and leaves it amino acid behind to create a poly peptide chain.

50. UCA AGUCGCAUAUAC Third, the tRNA molecule read the complementary bases and leaves it amino acid behind to create a poly peptide chain.

51. UCA GCG AGUCGCAUAUAC Third, the tRNA molecule read the complementary bases and leaves it amino acid behind to create a poly peptide chain.

52. GCG UAU AGUCGCAUAUAC Third, the tRNA molecule read the complementary bases and leaves it amino acid behind to create a poly peptide chain.

53. UAU AUG AGUCGCAUAUAC Now the tRNA hits the stop codon and quits reading the polypeptide chain.

54. AUG AGUCGCAUAUAC Now the tRNA hits the stop codon and quits reading the polypeptide chain.

55. AGUCGCAUAUAC Now the tRNA hits the stop codon and quits reading the polypeptide chain.

56. AGUCGCAUAUAC Finally, the tRNA reads and makes the complementary bases and leaves behind the amino acid so it can form a poly peptide chain from the peptide bonds in the proteins.

58. Protein Synthesis Review The first step is the RNA Primase separates the hydrogen bond from the DNA and read it so it can make a complementary mRNA strand. Second, the mRNA strands leaves the nucleus by entering the nuclear pore. Once out of the Nucleus the mRNA finds a ribosome. Third, when it is inside of the ribosome the mRNA gets read by the tRNA. Then the amino acids attach and the matching bases get copied. Then the amino acids is disposed of and a polypeptide bond is made in the amino acid and a polypeptide chain is then created to finish off Protein Synthesis.

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Protein synthesis trenton stouffer

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