การวิเคราะห์จุึϸุ้มทุนtumetr1- The document discusses the concept of breakeven point and how to calculate it. It provides formulas to calculate total revenue (TR), total cost (TC), total fixed cost (TFC), and total variable cost (TVC).
- The breakeven point is the production volume where total revenue equals total cost. It can be calculated as TFC divided by the difference between the selling price and variable cost per unit.
- An example is provided to demonstrate calculating breakeven point, sales revenue at breakeven, and profit/loss for a production volume using given price, cost, fixed cost, and variable cost data.
การวิเคราะห์จุึϸุ้มทุนtumetr1- The document discusses the concept of breakeven point and how to calculate it. It provides formulas to calculate total revenue (TR), total cost (TC), total fixed cost (TFC), and total variable cost (TVC).
- The breakeven point is the production volume where total revenue equals total cost. It can be calculated as TFC divided by the difference between the selling price and variable cost per unit.
- An example is provided to demonstrate calculating breakeven point, sales revenue at breakeven, and profit/loss for a production volume using given price, cost, fixed cost, and variable cost data.
Accounting basics for practitioners VRVC 2010 (Thai)Narumon ArunvaranontPresentation file for VPAT Regional Veterinary Congress 2010 at Queen Sirikit Convention Center on 25 April 2010
Note: This presentation is in Thai
retrieving the mailtumetr1This document discusses two common protocols for retrieving email from a server: POP3 and IMAP. POP3 allows a user to download emails from the server to their local device but does not support server-side functionality. IMAP allows users to access and manipulate emails stored on the server, avoiding delays from downloading. While POP3 is more widely used currently, IMAP offers advantages like folder management and searching that make it a preferable protocol.
connectivity utilitytumetr1This document discusses using connectivity utilities to troubleshoot common network problems. It describes four types of connectivity problems: protocol problems, line problems, name resolution problems, and network performance problems. It then explains key connectivity utilities like Ping, IPConfig, Ifconfig and ARP that can be used to diagnose these issues. Specific sequences of commands with these utilities are provided to methodically test network connectivity and troubleshoot problems.
network hardwaretumetr1The document discusses various types of network hardware including bridges, hubs, switches, and routers. Bridges operate at the data link layer and forward packets based on physical addresses. Hubs simply repeat all signals received on one port to all other ports. Switches are smarter than hubs and only forward frames to the port associated with the destination address. Routers operate at the network layer and filter traffic based on logical IP addresses, allowing different network types to connect. Routing tables map destination networks to the next hop, whether a directly connected network or the address of the next downstream router.
routingtumetr1Routers play a key role in TCP/IP networks by participating in routing protocols to determine the best path to send data packets between networks. There are two main types of routing - static routing, where administrators manually configure routes, and dynamic routing, where routers share information to determine optimal paths. Dynamic routing uses either distance vector protocols, where routers share hop counts to destinations, or link state protocols, where each router builds a map of the entire network topology. Common examples are RIP for distance vector and OSPF for link state routing.
the transport layertumetr1The document discusses the Transport layer protocols TCP and UDP. It describes TCP as a connection-oriented protocol that provides reliable, ordered delivery of streams of data through mechanisms like sequencing, acknowledgment, flow control and error checking. UDP is described as a simpler connectionless protocol that provides best-effort delivery without checking for errors or lost packets. The key concepts of ports, sockets, multiplexing and demultiplexing are also covered, as well as the header formats and functions of TCP and UDP.