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1. 1
韓國的公共住宅政策之發展與轉型-以首爾市為分析之焦點
黄丽玲1
劉恩英2
摘要
前亞洲四小龍中的新加坡與香港,由於受到新自由主義的影響,從 1980 年代晚
期,公共住宅都邁向鼓勵所有權的市場化轉向。在臺灣,政府除了興建軍眷住宅
外,更是從公共住宅大幅撤退。然而同一時期,韓國卻開始大力發展公共租賃住
宅政策,2010 年公共租賃住宅存量已經超過整體住宅存量的百分之六,並還在
持續增加中。本文討論韓國公共住宅政策的歷史發展以及相關政策機制,包括在
1980 年代晚期朝「再公共化」而非「私有化」轉向的社會原因、不同居住者為
對象的公共住宅類型、租金與租期制度的發展,以及在公共住宅興建過程中,國
家與市場機制的新關係。
關鍵字:韓國、首爾、公共住宅、社會安全網、住宅政策
Among the former ‘four Asian tigers’, Singapore and Hong Kong governments since
the late 1980s, have shifted to a neo-liberal approach, of encourage ownership rather
than strengthening public housing. In Taiwan, except the housing for military sector,
government has also retreated from building public housing. However, about the same
period of time, government of South Korea has launched the public rental housing
programs, and by now the accumulated quantity has been over 6 per cent of the total
housing stock of the whole nation.
This paper explores the history and related mechanisms of the development of public
housing policies in South Korea. We will analyze the social factors which pushed the
governmental to adopt a re-publicizing, rather than privatizing approach of housing.
We will discuss the various types of public housing programs and the designed
mechanisms for rent and period, and above all, the relationship between state and
market in public housing policies. In conclusion, we point out that the public housing
policy in Korea has developed to play the role as social security net as well as an
interface to satisfy the multiple social values.
Keywords: Korea, Seoul, social safety net, housing policy
1
臺灣大學建築與城鄉研究所副教授 liling@ntu.edu.tw
2
臺灣大學建築與城鄉研究所博士候選人 gouda3333@gmail.com
12. 12
參考書目/引用文獻
一、英文期刊論文
(1)Kim, S-H, (2011a) Squatter settlement policies and the role of the state: from the
experiences of Seoul, Hong Kong and Singapore, Housing Studies Review Vol.19, No.
1, pp. 35-61. Korea Center for City and Environment (KOCER), 2011, A study on the
rent arrears.
二、日文期刊論文
(1)全泓奎(Jeon, Hong-gyu)(2012) 韓國都市貧困的戰鬥:邁向居住福祉的實踐。
大阪:日本居住福祉學會。居住福祉 Booklet 22。(原文為日文)
(2)南结寬(2012)韓國有關民間團體之居住福祉實踐之現狀課題。頁 39 到 49。
居住福祉研究第十三期。頁 39 到 49。2012 年 5 月。日本大阪:日本居住福祉學
會編。(原文為日文)
(3)全泓奎、南垣碩(2011)「韓國的居住問題與居住福祉政策」。居住福祉研究
第十一期。頁 25 到 42。2011 年 5 月。日本大阪:日本居住福祉學會編。(原文
為日文)
三、英文報告、書籍
(1)Hyun Bang SHIN and Soo-hyun KIM, forthcoming, Formation and Transformation
of Seoul, Korea
四、研討會論文
(1)金秀顯(Kim, Soo-hyun)(2011)「大器晚成?韩国公共租赁住宅的未来」收
於社會住宅國際研討會『居住正義與社會包容』會議論文集。頁 248-260。翻譯:
黄丽玲。社會住宅推動聯盟、臺灣大學建築與城鄉研究所、臺灣社區居住與獨立
生活聯盟主辦。2011 年十月三日、四日:臺大醫院國際會議中心。
(2)Lee, J.K. (2012) Housing Finance and Government Expenditure for Housing
Welfare in South Korea. Paper presented in International Conference on Houisng
Welfare and pUblic Policy, September 16-18, Hoam Faculty House, Seoul, Korea.