Taj mahal
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The document summarizes the Taj Mahal, a mausoleum built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan between 1632 and 1648 in Agra, India. It was constructed in memory of Shah Jahan's third wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who died giving birth to their 14th child. Over 20,000 workers and 1,000 elephants were used to source materials and construct the white marble structure, which features intricate designs and is a top tourist destination today.
![Mughal Architecture [fort, mosque[masjid], tomb](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/mughalarchitecture200-150723111603-lva1-app6892-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds)
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Taj mahal
- 1. CLASS PRESENTATION The Taj Mahal By:- Kunal Singh Lokendra Tomar
- 2. INTRODUCTION Crown of the Palace Situated on the south bank of the yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra. Built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in 1632. It is the finest example of Mughal architecture. The Jewel of Muslim Art
- 3. HISTORY Sahah Jahan was born in 1592. At 14 he met a girl when he was strolling down the Meena bazzar. The girl was Mumtaz Mahal a Muslim Persian princess Married Mumtaz Mahal at age 21. He came to power in 1622.
- 4. Mumtaz Mahal was his favorite wife . In 1631, Mumtaz Mahal died while giving birth to their 14th child. Shah Jahan promised her that he will build the richest mausoleum over her grave. He ordered the court into mourning for two years for her wife. The construction of Taj Mahal started in1632.
- 5. CONSTRUCTION Shah Jahan presented Maharajah Jai Singh with a large palace in the centre of Agra in exchange for the land near Yamuna river. 1,000 elephants were used to transport building materials. Ustad Ahmad Lahauri- The lead architect Twenty-eight types of precious and semi- precious stones were inlaid into the white marble.
- 6. The translucent white marble was brought from Makrana, Rajasthan, the jasper from Punjab, jade and crystal from China. Involvement of 22,000 workers. Creative unit of 37 men. Calligraphers ,Inlayers, Stonecutters .
- 8. INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR The calligraphy was created by a calligrapher named Abdul- Haq, in 1609. The exterior decorations of the Taj Mahal are among the finest in Mughal architecture. The decorative elements were created by applying paint, stucco, stone inlays, or carvings.
- 9. Floors and walkways use contrasting tiles or blocks in tessellation patterns. The inlay stones are of yellow marble, jasper and jade, polished and leveled to the surface of the walls.
- 10. The inner chamber is an octagon with the design allowing for entry from each face, although only the door facing the garden to the south is used. In addition to the light from the balcony screens, light enters through roof openings covered by chattris at the corners.
- 11. Mumtaz Mahal's cenotaph is placed at the precise center of the inner chamber on a rectangular marble base of 1.5 meters (4 ft 11 in) by 2.5 meters (8 ft 2 in). The Ninety Nine Names of God are found as calligraphic inscriptions on the sides of the actual tomb of Mumtaz Mahal
- 12. The construction began around 1632 and was completed around 1643 and the surrounding buildings and garden were finished about five years later. Upon Shah Jahan's death, Aurangzeb buried him in the mausoleum next to his wife. A cost estimated at the time to be around 32 million rupees, which is approximately 52.8 billion rupees today.
- 13. PRESENT Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. It attracts 78 million visitors a year. Winner of the New7Wonders of the World.
- 14. SOME INTERESTING FACTS The story of the arms of all artisans being chopped is probably a myth. The 4 minarets were built tilting outwards . The Taj changes colors depending on the light. The Taj Mahal is taller than Qutub minar.
- 15. Taj Mahal is not a piece of architecture, as other buildings are, but the proud passion of an emperor's love wrought in living stones." -Sir Edwin Arnold
Editor's Notes
- #3: -taj mahal The most beautiful building in the world also known as crown of the palace is an ivory-white marble油mausoleum油on the south bank of the油Yamuna油river in the Indian city of油Agra.. -It was built by油Mughal油emperor Shah Jahan油in 1632 in memory of his third wife,油Mumtaz Mahal -a style that combines elements from Persian,油Turkish油and油Indian油architectural styles. -The Taj Mahal is widely recognized as The Jewel of油Muslim art油in India.
- #4: -油Sahah Jahan was born in 1592 he was the son of jehangir the fourth Mughal emperor of India and the grandson of Akbar the Great. -After meeting her, Shah Jahan went back to his father and declared that he wanted to marry her.油after 5 year He had married mumtaz mahal in 1607 when he was 21. -Shah Jahan came to power in 1622 when he seized the throne from his father, while murdering his brothers to ensure his claim to rule. He was known as an extravagant and cruel leader.
- #5: -Mumtaz Mahal was his favorite wife among 7 wives -In the year 1631, when Mumtaz Mahal was giving birth to their 14th child, she died due to some complications. -While Mumtaz was on her deathbed, Shah Jahan promised her that he would never remarry and will build the richest mausoleum over her grave. -It is said that Shah Jahan was so heartbroken after her death that he ordered the court into mourning for two years. Sometime after her death, Shah Jahan undertook the task of erecting the world's most beautiful monument in the memory of his beloved.
- #6: -Shah Jahan presented Maharajah Jai Singh with a large palace in the centre of Agra in exchange for the land. -The Taj Mahal was constructed using materials from all over India and Asia. -It is believed that
- #7: -油It took 22 years and the labor of 22,000 workers to construct the monument. -they were part of the thirty seven men who formed the creative unit. -Calligraphers from Syria and Persia, inlayers from southern India, stonecutters from Baluchistan another who carved only marble flowers
- #8: -The entire Taj complex consists of five major constituents Main gateway, gardens, mosque, rest house and main mausoleum. -The plinth and tomb took roughly 12 years to complete. The remaining parts of the complex took an additional 10 years and were completed in order of minarets, mosque and jawab, and gateway.
- #14: -The Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO油World Heritage Site-油in 1983 for being "the jewel of Muslim art in India油. -in 2007 油it was declared a winner of the油New7Wonders of the World.
- #15: -because the architect worked on other projects also like red fort. -to protect the Taj from calamities like earthquakes.
- #16: An English poet, Sir Edwin Arnold said that