The document discusses the Agile Manifesto, which was created in 2005 by a group of software developers. It outlines four values that underpin agile software development: individuals and interactions over processes and tools, working software over comprehensive documentation, customer collaboration over contract negotiation, and responding to change over following a plan. The manifesto emphasizes that while there is value in the items on the right, the items on the left are of greater value. It also lists 12 principles for agile software development.