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The Endocrine System
• After going through this lesson, you are expected to:
• 1. identify the major endocrine glands in the body and their
functions;
• 2. identify which gland is involved in a dysfunction; and
• 3. explain the effect of hormonal imbalance

Direction: Read each of the following riddles and decide which part of the endocrine system is being described. Choose the
CAPITAL LETTER of the correct answer. A. Pituitary gland E. Adrenal gland B. Thyroid gland F. Pancreas C. Parathyroid gland G.
Testes D. Thymus gland H. Ovaries
1. I secrete a hormone which helps to stimulate the lymphoid cells to produce T cells. I am the vanishing gland. You need me
most during your early childhood years and I begin to disappear when you reach puberty. I am a member of the endocrine
system and lymphatic system. Who am I?
2. I am a good friend of the sympathetic nervous system and I play a role in preparing your body to handle emergencies. There
are two of me in your body and I help you decide whether to fight or flight. Who am I?
3. You can thank me for all the muscles you have and your deep voice. I am also the reason why you shave every day. I play a
role in reproduction by allowing you to produce sperm cells. Who am I?
4. I control your mood. I control how sweet you are. I keep your blood sugar within the normal limits. If your blood sugar is too
high, I produce insulin and if it is too low, I produce glucagon. I also play a role in your digestion. Who am I? D
5. I am very tiny but I do a lot of tasks in your endocrine system. I help you grow and develop. I provide milk for nursing moms.
The back part of me helps maintain the balance of water in your body. Moreover, when I release my hormone oxytocin, it will
cause the uterus to contract so a new life can be born. Who am I?
6. Many people say I am shaped like a butterfly. I increase metabolism. Mental and physical activities are also influenced by me.
Who am I?

The Endocrine System
 The endocrine system is composed of different glands which secrete hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and
development, mood, and reproduction. Hormones are organic substances released by the glands of the endocrine system
directly into the bloodstream.
 Hormones are capable of changing the physiological and metabolic behaviors of their target cells to maintain homeostasis.
The major endocrine glands in the body
 pituitary,
 thyroid,
 parathyroid,
 thymus,
 adrenal,
 pancreas,
 ovaries,
 testes.

The Endocrine System.pptx GFTFTFYFUYUYYUY

Functions of the Hormones
Hormones help regulate body processes such as growth, development,
metabolism, and response to stimuli. They are like chemical messengers that
transport a signal from one cell to another.
Both men and women produce hormones in the same areas with one
exception, the reproductive glands. Extra male hormones are produced in the
testes while female hormones are produced in the ovaries
 Some hormones have short-term effects while other hormones have influence
even in the long term such as those that control our growth and the changes at
the onset of puberty.
During puberty, there are many hormonal changes that happen in your body.
One moment you are laughing, and then suddenly, you feel like crying. Sudden
mood swings are relatively caused by the increasing amount of hormones in
the body at this stage.

Another significant fact about hormones is that they act in very small amounts. If
the organ and hormones do not produce the regulated amount of chemicals to
your body, it may result to an abnormality. This condition is called hormonal
imbalance. An increase or decrease in the hormonal amount may have a
significant effect to the body.

Endocrine System Disorder
Hormonal imbalance will occur if the organs and hormones of your body do not produce the right amount of
chemicals needed which in turn may lead to some dysfunctions. The following are some examples of endocrine
disorders.
Osteoporosis
is a disease that happens when the mineral density of the bone is reduced making it brittle and porous.
Parathyroid hormone secretion is one of the possible causes of this disease.
Goiter
is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. It results from the underproduction or overproduction of
thyroid hormones.
Gigantism
is a disorder that happens during childhood when there is abnormal increase in height associated with too much
secretion of growth hormones.
Dwarfism
is a condition wherein the production of growth hormones in the pituitary gland is insufficient resulting in short
stature.

During an emergency, can you still recall how the ambulance driver coped with
the situation by driving efficiently? What do you think is the hormone
responsible for this? Adrenalin is the emergency hormone which helps the
driver respond quickly and accordingly.

The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it regulates many body processes. The
body needs certain hormones in different types of situations. In other words, your endocrine
glands do not release hormones continuously. Some signals within your body tell each gland
when to secrete hormones.
There are also signals that tell the gland to stop.

Guide Questions A. Fill in the blanks to make the statements correct.
1. Which gland controls the other glands in the body? The ______________ controls the output
of the other glands in the body.
2. Which gland is located below the voice box? The ______________ is located below the
voice box.
3. Which gland is located on the thyroid glands? The ______________ is located on the thyroid
glands and produces parathormone that increases blood calcium levels and normalizes bone
growth.
4. Which gland produces parathormone? The ______________ produces parathormone that
increases blood calcium levels and normalizes bone growth.
5. Which organ is involved when the blood sugar becomes unstable? The ______________ is
involved when blood sugar level becomes unstable.

6. Which gland produces T-cells? The ______________ enables the body to produce T- cells that
help in fighting infections and diseases.
7. Which gland can develop the adaptive immune system? A person born without a
______________ will not develop an adaptive immune system and may eventually die.
8. Which gland enables the body to produce energy? The ______________produces adrenaline
that enables the body to have the energy in doing spontaneous work during emergency
situations.
9. What type of pills control the functioning of the ovaries and uterus? ______________ pills
contain hormones that control the functioning of the ovaries and the uterus.
10. What hormones are responsible for milk production? ______________ and
______________ enable milk production which provides the needed nourishment of a baby.

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The Endocrine System.pptx GFTFTFYFUYUYYUY

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