世界最着名的25座雕塑
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本文件介绍了一系列着名雕塑作品，包括阿波罗与达芙妮的神话故事、古希腊与古埃及的艺术杰作，以及现代雕塑的历史背景和象征意义。每件作品都蕴含着深刻的文化内涵和艺术价值，体现了不同时期的艺术风格与技巧。雕塑如彼得大帝青铜骑士、自由女神像等，展示了人类对美、历史和精神价值的追求。
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- 3. 24.垂死的高盧 人 作於西元前223300--222200 年，，現藏於羅馬卡庇 托利博物館 作品是表現高盧人失敗的場面。一個受傷的高盧戰士，，坐在地上，，垂著頭，，神情 中有傷痛帶來的痛苦和不屈的堅毅。他似乎仍想掙扎著站起來……。雖然雕刻家的 原意是炫耀帕加馬的戰功，，但作品中的高盧戰士的形象卻被表達成了一個不甘屈 服的英雄，，表現了高盧人的勇敢好勝，，強悍不屈的精神。希臘雕刻家以反向的心 理刻畫敵人的勇猛頑強，，來表示勝利之來之不易。
- 4. 23.觀景樓的 阿 波 羅 萊奧卡萊斯作於西 元前350-325年間 ，現藏於梵蒂岡博 物館。 又譯作““貝爾維德雷 的阿波羅””。在11550099 年被鑒定為““貝爾維 德雷庭院裏最珍貴的 作品””後的幾個世紀 裏，，這尊阿波羅成為 審美的標準。直到雅 典帕臺農神廟的浮雕 被發現後，，人們才知 道這是西元二世紀羅 馬複製的西元前四世 紀一件雅典作品。
- 5. 22.王子夫婦 像 作於西元前200年，現 藏於埃及開羅埃及博物 館。 塑像中男子叫拉和特普，，是埃 及第四王朝內夫魯時期的王子 ；身邊是他的妻子諾佛列特。 塑像展露的人物形態仿佛是在 一個正式典禮上正在發生的瞬 間場景。塑像人物刻畫含蓄，， 但仍可以從中看出內心是充滿 憂傷和思慮。這尊塑像以鮮明 的顏色對比暗喻了剛、柔變化 ，表露出亙古的情韻。
- 7. 20.彼 得 大 帝青 銅 騎 士 法爾孔奈 1782年作， 現在俄羅斯 聖·彼得堡 像 它是紀念性雕塑藝術最完美的作品之一。彼得大帝騎在騰越的駿馬上，，神 情堅定。馬後蹄踩著一條毒蛇，，象徵打敗了的敵人。普希金在自己的一篇 敘事詩中將這座紀念碑稱為““青銅騎士””，，從此““青銅騎士””就成了彼得大帝 紀念碑的代名詞。
- 8. 19.兵 馬 俑西元前240年，中國陝西省西 安市
- 9. 18.薩莫特拉斯的勝利女 神西元前300年，現 藏於法國巴黎羅浮 宮。 是希臘化時期留存下來的著名傑作的 原作，，被奉為稀世珍寶，，作者已無從 考證。這尊雕像雖然頭部已經殘缺，， 但從她僅僅披著一襲““薄紗””的胴體可 以看出她那輕盈婀娜的風姿。她是為 紀念一次古代希臘海戰中薩莫特拉島 的征服者德米特裡大敗埃及王托勒密 的艦隊而製作的剛柔結合的藝術品。 勝利女神與維納斯雕像，，蒙娜麗莎畫 像同為羅浮宮的三件鎮館之寶。
- 10. 17.薩凡納的鳥女雕像西爾維亞·肖作於1936年， 位於美國伊利 諾斯森林湖 。 塑像高112277釐米，，大約 是八歲左右的小女孩，，她的 雙手各捧一隻喂鳥的圓盤。 作者是個美國雕塑家和教師。 她11993366年在美國伊利諾州 萊克縣創造了這尊鳥孩兒。 美國暢銷書作家約翰·伯蘭 特出版他的第一部小說《午 夜善惡花園》時，，把美國攝 像家拍攝的一幅照片《鳥孩 兒》做成了他的新書封面。 於是這尊鳥孩兒很快成名了 ，引起遊客特意去薩凡納旅 遊尋找具有充分戲劇性的面 貌和魔鬼的故事
- 11. 16.亞伯拉罕· 林肯雕像 丹尼爾·賈斯特作於 1920年，現藏於美 國華盛頓林肯紀念 堂。 他的手安放於椅子扶手兩邊，， 神情肅穆。雕像上方是一句題 詞──““林肯將永垂不朽，，永 存人民心裡””。林肯紀念館不 僅是對這位已故總統的稱頌，， 同時也是對整個國家人民的稱 頌。 林肯著名的葛底斯堡演 說和他第二次就職演講詞也刻 在大理石牆上。
- 12. 15.摩 西 雕 像 （“聖經“故事中古代 猶他 人的領袖）。 米開朗基羅作於 1515年，現藏於義 大利羅馬，聖·彼得 鎖鏈教堂。 摩西是紀元前十三世紀的猶 太人先知，，帶領在埃及過著 奴隸生活的以色列人，，到達 神所預備的流著奶和蜜之地 ————迦南（（巴勒斯坦的古地 名，，在今天約旦河與死海的 西岸一帶）），，神借著摩西寫 下《十誡》給他的子民遵守 ，教導他的子民敬拜他。
- 13. 14.天壇大佛 1990-1993年 ， 中 國 香 港。 大佛依據佛經如來3322 相設計。面相參照龍門 石窟的蘆舍那佛，，衣紋 和頭飾參照敦煌石窟第 336600窟的釋迦牟尼佛像 ，因此，，大佛兼備隋唐 佛教全盛時期的造像特 色。大佛座落於海拔 552200米的昂坪，，坐在 226688級的石階上，，是世 界上最大的戶外青銅座 佛。
- 14. 13.裡約熱內 盧 基 督 像保羅·蘭多斯基 1931年作，現位 於巴西裡約熱內 盧。 基督像總高38米 ，站立在裡約熱內 盧國家森林公園中 高710米的科科瓦 多（Corcovado） 山頂，俯瞰著整個 城市。張開雙臂歡 迎來自世界各地的 遊客，是巴西人民 熱情性格和寬闊胸 懷的象徵。2007 年入選新世界七大 奇跡。
- 15. 12.自由女神 像 法國雕塑家巴索蒂 作於1886年。現 矗立在美國紐約赫 德森河口的“自由 島”上。 這尊銅像的選型，，是按照希 臘神話中女神的美麗形象建 造的。女神頭上戴著額箍，， 右手高舉火炬，，左手拿著 《獨立宣言》，，面容端莊而 慈祥。女神像基座底部是一 個博物館，，參觀的人可以進 到銅像裡面直到女神頭部頂 端，，那兒可以容納3300多人 ，能通過玻璃窗俯視紐約全 景。
- 16. 11.娜芙蒂蒂胸 像圖特摩斯作於西元 前1345年，現藏於 德國柏林埃及博物 館. 雕像刻畫的是古埃及法老阿肯 那頓的大皇后（The Great Royal Wife）娜芙蒂蒂，是最 有名的古代女性之一，也是古 代女性美的象徵。
- 17. 10.赫爾墨斯和 小 酒神狄俄尼 普索拉斯克西特裏斯作於西 元前343年，現藏於希 臘，奧林匹克考古博物 館。 赫耳墨斯是希臘神話中的商業和資訊之神 ，是主神宙斯的兒子，，小酒神是幼年的狄 俄尼索斯。據說這尊雕塑表現的是赫耳墨 斯帶著還是嬰兒的酒神狄俄尼索斯到山野 精靈那裏去作客，，在途中歇息的情景。赫 耳墨斯的手臂已斷，，據說他正拿著一串葡 萄逗弄小酒神。作者通過這一題材顯露了 秀美富麗的人體形象。
- 18. 9.朱庇特神殿的母狼 創作於西元前500年，現藏於義大利 羅馬 （见下页介绍）
- 19. 雕塑“母狼”簡介 青銅，，高8855釐米，，約創作於西元前550000年，，現收藏於義大利 羅馬市政博物館。雕像取材於羅馬建城的傳說：：著名的特洛伊 戰爭結束後，，特洛伊王子逃到義大利半島，，建立了阿爾巴城，， 世代相傳。後來，，一個名叫努米托耳的國王被其弟阿木留斯推 翻，，兒子被殺，，但他的女兒為戰神所愛，，生下一對雙胞胎羅穆 路和瑞穆斯，，卻被阿木留斯放入籃子中丟人臺伯河。這對兄弟 後來被一隻母狼發現並收留撫養。不久，，又被牧人發現並收養。 他們長大以後，，殺死仇人，，救出外祖父，，創建了新的城市。後 來羅穆路殺死了瑞穆斯，，並 以自己的名字命名這座城市為羅 馬。這尊雕像所刻劃的就是曾經哺育了羅馬創始人的母狼的形 象。這尊雕像是埃特魯斯坎人的藝術傑作，，對羅馬人來說，，它 還具有紀念碑意義，，人們把它作為民族發源的始祖而給以頂禮 膜拜。
- 21. 7.吻 奧古斯丁·羅丹作 於1889年，現藏於 法國巴黎羅丹博物 館。 《吻》雕像取材於但丁的 《神曲》裏所描寫的弗朗 切斯卡與保羅這一對情侶 的愛情悲劇，，羅丹採用這 一題材以更加坦蕩的形式 ，塑造了兩個不顧一切世 俗誹謗的情侶，，在幽會中 熱烈接吻的瞬間。
- 22. 聖母憐子 像米開朗基羅作於 1497-1499年， 現藏於義大利羅 馬聖·彼得教堂 聖母瑪利亞悲痛地 抱著從十字架上放 下來的已經死了的 耶穌，，百般無奈。
- 23. 擲 鐵 餅 者 米隆作於西元前460- 450年，現藏於英國 倫敦大英博物館。 原作已失，，現為複製品。雕像選取 運動員投擲鐵餅過程中的瞬間動作 ，這正是鐵餅出手前一系列瞬息萬 變動作中的暫時恒定狀態，，運動員 右手握鐵餅擺到最高點，，全身重心 落在右腳上，，左腳趾反貼地面，，膝 部彎曲成鈍角，，整個形體有產生一 種緊張的爆發力和彈力的感覺。形 體造型是緊張的，，然而在整體結構 處理上，，以及頭部的表情上，，卻給 人以沉著平穩的印象，，這正是古典 主義風格所追求的。
- 24. 4.思 想 者 奧古斯特·羅丹作於1902 年。現藏于法國巴黎羅丹 博物館。 原為《地獄之門》組塑的一部分，， 後翻鑄成銅像。《地獄之門》取材 于但丁的《神曲》，，思想者是羅丹 用以象徵但丁的形象。一個強有力 的巨人彎腰屈膝的坐著，，右手托腮 ，嘴咬著自己的手，，他默默凝視著 下面被洪水吞噬的苦難深重的人們。 他愛人類，，難以對那些罪人作出最 後判決，，他深懷同情，，陷入極大痛 苦和永恆的沉思之中。
- 25. 3.米洛斯的維納 斯 西元前113300--9900 年的作品，，現藏 於法國巴黎盧浮 宮內。為盧浮宮 的三大鎮館之寶 之一。 從發現這尊雕像 之日起，，就被公 認為迄今為止，， 希臘女性雕像中 最美的一尊。
- 26. 2.大 衛 米開朗基羅作於1501- 1504年，現藏於義大 利佛羅倫斯美術學院。 這尊雕像被認為是西方美術史上最值得誇耀的男性人體雕像之一。不僅如此，， 《大衛》是文藝復興人文主義思想的具體體現，，它對人體的讚美，，表面上看是對 古希臘藝術的““復興””，，實質上表示著人們已從黑暗的中世紀桎梏中解脫出來，，充 分認識到了人在改造世界中的巨大力量。米開朗基羅在雕刻過程中注入了巨大的 熱情，，塑造出來的不僅僅是一尊雕像，，而是思想解放運動在藝術上得到表達的象 徵。作為一個時代雕塑藝術作品的最高境界，，《大衛》將永遠在藝術史中放射著 不盡的光輝。