The document defines terms related to food spoilage such as molds, foul odor, and disease-causing bacteria. It identifies signs of food decay like molds, bubbles, and foul odor. Factors that contribute to decay include sunlight, water, and temperature. Decaying materials can cause health issues like diarrhea, food poisoning, cholera, and spread diseases through insects. Improper disposal of waste allows insects to breed and spread diseases like malaria, leptospirosis, and dengue. The document recommends preventing these effects by refrigerating leftovers, checking expiration dates, properly disposing of garbage, and covering bins.