Traballo elaborado por alumnos/as de 6尊 B de primaria do CEIP Rosal鱈a de Castro de Lugo, formando parte dun proxecto de Historia Antiga que se est叩 a desenvolver na aula.
Traballo elaborado por alumnos/as de 6尊 B de primaria do CEIP Rosal鱈a de Castro de Lugo, formando parte dun proxecto de Historia Antiga que se est叩 a desenvolver na aula.
The king of Elis, Augeas, had extremely dirty stables that had not been cleaned in many years due to his laziness. For one of his labors, Heracles was tasked with cleaning the Augean stables, deemed an impossible task. Heracles came up with a clever solution, knocking holes in the walls and diverting two nearby rivers through the stables to wash away all the built up dung. Within a few hours, the rushing waters had swept the stables completely clean, completing the task.
This document provides vocabulary related to Greek gods, including the names of gods such as Zeus, Poseidon, Hermes, Hephaestus, Hestia, Artemis, Demeter, Hera, Ares, Athena, Apollo, Dionysus, and Hades as well as terms associated with them such as Kronos, volcano, cereal, Gaia, Mars, Athens, and dionysian.
The Romans were very religious and believed in many gods and spirits. They adopted gods from other cultures but maintained gods specific to Rome like Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva. Religion was an important part of Roman society and integrated into both public and domestic life. Over time, Christianity grew despite early persecution until it became the dominant religion in the late Roman Empire.
Greek religion was polytheistic and centered around mythology to explain the world. The Greeks worshipped anthropomorphic gods like the Olympians, who ruled over different domains. They held various festivals and games throughout the year and made sacrifices to the gods in sanctuaries and oracles. Mysteries also existed that offered explanations about the afterlife to initiates through nightly rituals.
The document provides a brief history of writing, beginning with pictograms/ideograms used by early civilizations, then moving to syllabaries which represented syllables rather than full words. It discusses the evolution to the alphabet, noting the Phoenician alphabet originated all western alphabets. The document outlines some early writing materials like stone, clay, wax and wood, then discusses later materials like papyrus, parchment and paper. It provides examples of different alphabets and scripts throughout history.
From the Indo-European to Our Languagesdomenechino
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The document discusses the discovery of the Indo-European language family and its evolution and branches. It was realized that many languages shared similar words, indicating a common ancestral language now called Proto-Indo-European. The main branches discussed are the Italic languages including Latin and Romance languages, the Germanic languages including English and German, and the Celtic and Greek families which contributed to the vocabularies of Spanish and Galician. Maps show the distributions of the various language families throughout Europe and the world.
Roman architecture adopted styles and techniques from Greek architecture but also developed new styles such as arches, vaults and domes. Some key features of Roman architecture included temples, theaters, amphitheaters, circuses, thermae (baths), basilicas, arches, columns, and advanced engineering techniques for building roads.
Galicia is an autonomous region in northwest Spain with its own language, Galician. Its capital is Santiago de Compostela, an important pilgrimage site. The document then focuses on the town of Oleiros, located near A Coru単a. It describes the public school IES Mar鱈a Casares, located in Oleiros, including its classrooms, facilities, schedules, holidays, activities, and festivities in the town.
Hercules visits his friend the centaur Pholus, who shares food and wine with him. The other centaurs get drunk and attack Hercules, who fights them off with poison arrows, killing several. While burying the victims, Pholus examines one of Hercules' arrows and accidentally wounds himself with it, dying from the foot wound. Hercules later finds and captures the Wild Boar of Erymanthus, carrying it alive on his shoulders back to Mycenae.
Hercules was tasked with retrieving the golden apples from the garden of the Hesperides as his eleventh labor. The apples were guarded by Ladon, a hundred-headed dragon. Hercules sought information from the sea god Nereus, who he had to defeat. Nereus told Hercules the apples were located in the Atlas Mountains of Africa. There, Hercules killed Ladon and found the giant Atlas, who agreed to pick the apples if Hercules took the weight of the world on his shoulders temporarily. When Atlas had the apples, he tried to trick Hercules but Hercules outwitted him instead. Hercules returned the apples to Eurystheus,
Hercules' second labor was to kill the Hydra of Lerna, a nine-headed monster. He and his nephew Iolaus fought the Hydra, cutting off its heads, but more grew back. Iolaus helped Hercules by burning the wounds so the heads wouldn't regrow, allowing Hercules to destroy the last head and bury it under a rock, completing his labor.
Hercules accepted King Eurystheus's request to retrieve Hippolyte's golden belt for Princess Admete. Hercules traveled to the Amazons and asked Hippolyte for the belt, which she agreed to give him as a sign of respect. However, the goddess Hera spread rumors that caused a group of Amazons to attack Hercules' men. Hercules believed Hippolyte had betrayed him but ultimately gave the belt to Admete, though the full truth of the events was never discovered.
1) Hercules won a contest for the hand of Iole in marriage but was refused by her father Eurytus, leading to a fight where Eurytus's son died.
2) Hercules served Queen Omphale of Lydia for three years after consulting the Oracle at Delphi.
3) Hercules fell in love with and married Deianeira but she accidentally poisoned him with the blood of the dying centaur Nessus, leading to Hercules' death.
Hercules was called by King Eurystheus to rid the Stymphalian Marsh of man-eating birds that had brass wings, beaks, and claws. The king's archers had previously failed to remove the birds. When Hercules arrived, Athena gave him a brass rattle. Hercules shook the rattle from the top of a cliff, causing the birds to take flight. He then shot many of them with his bow and arrows. The remaining birds fled, and Hercules stayed for a couple days to ensure they did not return before returning in triumph.
Hercules must go to the Spanish peninsula to kill King Geryon, a three-headed giant, and steal his prized red cattle. When he arrives at Geryon's island, Hercules battles and kills the giant's two-headed dog Orthrus. Hercules then fights and defeats Geryon. He has difficulty returning home with the cattle, facing attacks from other giants who try to steal the cattle along the way, but ultimately brings the cattle back to Eurystheus as requested.
Hercules' task was to steal a herd of red cattle from King Geryon, a three-headed giant, who kept them guarded by his two-headed dog Orthrus on the Spanish peninsula. Hercules fought and killed Orthrus, then battled and slew King Geryon. He had difficulty driving the cattle safely home and had to rescue two bulls stolen by another giant, Cacus. During the journey back, Hera sent an attack against the herd but Hercules evaded it by rushing into a river. Finally, he delivered the cattle to Eurystheus as tasked.
Hercules' final task assigned by King Eurystheus was to retrieve Cerberus, the hound of Hades. Guided by Hermes, Hercules traveled through the underworld and wrestled Cerberus with his bare hands as allowed by Hades. Hercules then carried the hound back to Eurystheus' palace, scaring the king so much he fled and was never seen again, completing Hercules' final task.
This document summarizes information about Zeus/Jupiter. It states that Zeus/Jupiter is the god of men and gods and the god of the sky, with attributes including the beam, bull, and eagle. It provides details that Zeus is the son of Cronos and Rhea and that his siblings include Hades, Hestia, Demeter, Hera, and Poseidon. It also briefly mentions the myth of Zeus's birth where Cronos eats his offspring but Rhea saves Zeus by giving Cronos a stone instead.
King Diomedes and King Eurystheus plotted to kill Hercules. They sent Hercules to tame Diomedes' four flesh-eating mares. While freeing the mares, Hercules and his friend Abderus were attacked by Diomedes and his army, but Hercules drowned them. When he returned, the mares had eaten Abderus. Hercules fed the mares Diomedes' body, then took them to King Eurystheus, naming the place Abdera in memory of his friend.
Hercules' first task, assigned by King Eurystheus who feared Hercules' power, was to slay the Nemean lion. When weapons proved useless against the lion's impenetrable hide, Hercules strangled the lion with his bare hands in a fierce battle. Upon returning with the lion's skin as proof, King Eurystheus fainted in fear, believing the lion had come back to kill him too, before realizing it was Hercules wearing the skin.
Eurystheus ordered Hercules to hunt the golden deer of Artemis as a dangerous task that would likely result in his death. The golden deer was protected by Artemis, the goddess of the hunt. After searching for a year, Hercules finally spotted the deer drinking from the Ladon River and captured it by pinning its legs together with an arrow without drawing blood. When Hercules returned with the deer, Artemis was angry until he explained that he did not harm the deer and would return it to her after showing it to Eurystheus, which pleased the goddess.
Ares was the Greek god of war, bloodshed, and cruelty. He is typically depicted with symbols of war like a helmet, shield, and weapons which represent his domain of war. A rooster also represents his masculinity. Ares engaged in an affair with Aphrodite even though she was married to Hephaestus. Their affair was discovered by Helios who told Hephaestus, and Hephaestus constructed a trap to catch the two lovers together. Ares' helpers in war and battle included his sons Deimos and Phobos as well as Enio and Alala.
2. A lendaOs irm叩nsR坦mulo e Remo eranxemelgos,fillos de Marte. Foron abandoados no r鱈oT鱈ber e foronrecollidos por unha loba que os aleitou e criou.
3. A Realidade Hist坦rica Os primeiros habitantes foron diferentes tribos. Roma xurdiu de 7 outeiros no Lacioba単adopoloT鱈ber: O Palatino, Quirinal, Capitolino, Esquilino, Celio, Viminal e Aventino.
4. A monarqu鱈aO rei organizaba a vida social, pol鱈tica e militar. O rei ti単a todos os poderes e antes de morrer ti単a que nomear a unsucesor.
6. O senado Era a m叩xima autoridade da rep炭blica.Estaba formado por 300 membros de escano vitalicio.Dirix鱈a a pol鱈tica exterior e calculaba o orzamento militar de cada ano.
7. O PoboO pobo, reunido legalmente en asembleaera un alicerce b叩sico na rep炭blica.Reun鱈anse e votaban por tribus paraelixir os seus representantes, tribunos da plebe.
8. As MaxistraturasHab鱈a dous tipos de maxistrados: C坦nsules: Deb鱈an ser sempredous. Ti単an o poder supremo eran xefes do exercito e presid鱈an o senado. Pretor: Encargado de todo o relacionado cosxu鱈zos, ti単a menos importancia ca os c坦nsules
9. Novas maxistraturasO tribuno da plebe: Creada para defenderse da opresi坦n dos patriciosEd鱈s: Asist鱈an aos tribunos da plebe e controlaban os festexos, mercados, e mesmo, coidaban os templos. Os censores: Foi esixidapoloscidad叩ns. A actividade principal era vixiar os costumes dos cidad叩ns e elaborar o censo. Os cuestores: tam辿nforonesixidos. Eran os administradores dos c坦nsules.
10. A CrisisA crise comezou no s辿culo I a.C. Escandalizou a poboaci坦n e rompeu a alianza de Roma co resto de pobos latinos. A suma da rebeli坦n dos escravos, a chegada dos mercenarios e a falta de exercito ocasiono graves problemas.
11. O primer triunviratoO primeiro triunvirato estivo constitu鱈do por Xullo Cesar, Pompeio e Craso. A Cesar foilleencargado o goberno da Galia. Cando acabo a s炭acampa単aenfrontarconPompeioenItalia e xurdiu unha Guerra Civil que durou catro anos, sa鱈ndo vencedor Cesar. Este logo morreu a mans do seu fillastro Bruto.
12. O segundo TriunviratoDespois da morte do Cesar empezou a loitapolo poder, que se disputaba entre L辿pido Marco Antonio e Octavio. L辿pido retirouse e houbounenfrontamento entre Octavio e Marco Antonio do que saiu vencedor Octavio.
13. Octavio Primeiro EmperadorOctavio creou unha nova forma de goberno , quitando todos os poderes ao pobo, ao senado e aos maxistrados e outorg叩ndosellos a el mesmo.O Imperio Romano naceu o ano 27 a.C. cando a Octavio se lleconcederon os t鱈tulos de Augusto e Pr鱈ncipe.
15. Os poderes do Emperador O emperadorti単a todos os poderes pol鱈ticos xudiciais, e o pobo o senado e os maxistradosnonti単an poder alg炭n. Chegou unpuntoen que os emperadores se cr鱈an deuses e se llesdivinizaba.
16. a sucesi坦n Octavio procurou garantir a forma pol鱈tica inserindo o m辿todo de sucesi坦n din叩stica uns dos seus sucesores foron Cal鱈gula ou Ner坦n.Despois os emperadores eran incapaces de solucionar os problemas por eles mesmos e decidiuse que o emperador se elixir鱈a por votaci坦n.
17. A Tetrarqu鱈a Cando o Imperio Romano cumpriu 300 anos empezou a entrar en Crises polas炭a enorme extensi坦n as Guerras internas e os ataques dos b叩rbaros. O emperador Dioclecianocreu que o imperio era demasiado grande e dividiuno en dous e un emperador e un axudante gobernaban cada parte co cal eran catro gobernadores. O Imperio Romano de Occidente durou at辿 o ano 476.
19. O Ex辿rcitoA forza do ex辿rcito estaba na uni坦n e concentraci坦n de forzas. Para loitar era necesario un xeneral que soubesedirixir pero tam辿n eran necesarios unshomesfortes; esteshomes non pod鱈an ser calquerasen坦nuns cantos escollidos de haiv辿n o termo lexi坦n, do lat鱈n legere escollerCada lexi坦n estaba composta por 60 centurias de 100 homescun total de 6000 homes por lexi坦n.
20. Formaci坦nAos flancos coloc叩banse 300 cabaleiros que axudaban a abrir o combate; para ser cabaleirohab鱈a que reunir uns requisitos: ser maior de 17 anos ser forte posu鱈r boa conduta e posu鱈r fortuna.Unlexionariocargabacon moitas cousas a parte da coraza, armas e escudo cada home transportaba unha mochila chea de utensilios que pesaba 40 Kg.
